2021届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解学案：《阅读精讲 精练2》长难句进阶突破 WORD版含答案.docx

1、长难句进阶突破Round 1第一组【例句1】But what we forgetwhat our economy depends on us is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment.【例句翻译】但是我们忘记的是我们的经济所依赖的是快乐远不是没有痛苦的喜悦。给我们带来最大快乐的东西也有可能会带来损失和失望。【例句分析】在第一句中，主语是一个

2、主语从句，破折号中间的成分是插入语。在第二句中，主语（The things）后面跟了一个定语从句。【词语点拨】 potential adj. 潜在的，可能的 n.潜能，潜力We have to be prepared for anypotentialdifficulties. 我们应对潜在的困难做好准备。The father detected soldierpotentialin the boy. 父亲觉察到孩子天生是块当兵的料。【例句2】Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what

3、 once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders similar to physical disabilities.【例句翻译】在科学或所谓的科学的驱动下，社会正对曾被视为性格缺陷或道德缺失的东西重新进行归类，认为是类似于身体残疾的性格失衡。【例句分析】句子的主干结构是society is reclassifying，宾语是whatmoral failings，后面的成分（as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities）是

4、宾语补足语。被动分词结构（Pushed by science,or what claims to be science）作全句的状语。【词语点拨】 flaws意为“缺点；裂纹；瑕疵”，character flaws指“性格缺陷”。 They share the characterflawof arrogance. 他们都有傲慢的缺点。 failings意为“缺点，缺陷”。reclassify sth as sth 把某物重新归类为某物 physical disability意为“身体残疾或缺陷”，这里的physical意为“身体的，生理的”。第二组【例句1】The fact that it m

5、ight be possible toraise EQsmeans that schools need tomake sure thattheir students are receiving the education they really need, andknowthat their futures are not entirely determinedby theirIQs.【例句翻译】情商是可以提高的这一事实意味着学校需要保证学生接受他们真正需要的教育,并且知道他们的未来不全是由智商决定的.【例句分析】本句包含一个同位语从句和一个宾语从句，that it might be poss

6、ible作the fact 的同位语；that schools need to作mean 的宾语，在该宾语从句中又含有两个宾语从句，that their students are receiving作make sure 的宾语，that their futures are not entirely作know 的宾语。 【词语点拨】 it is possible (for sb) to do sth 做是可能的It is possible for him toaccomplish the task.他有可能完成这项任务。 mean vt.意味着；表示的意思; 意思是；打算Spending too

7、 much now willmeana shortage of cash next year.现在花费太多就意味着明年现金短缺。If you nod your head, you usuallymeanyes.如果你点头，通常表示你同意。 make sure 确定，设法确保Wemake surethatwe take good care of students on campus.我们确保在校园里照顾好学生。 determine vt.决定，确定be determined to do sth 决心做某事It is your efforts, not your intelligence, tha

8、tdetermineyour success.决定你成功的是努力而非智力。Iam determined tomake more efforts to improve my English.我决心加倍努力提高英语水平。【例句2】Throughout the twentieth century, advertising agencies promoted consumerism (消费主义) as a way of life, spreading the belief that people could be happy only if they bought the right products

9、.【例句翻译】在20世纪，广告代理商把消费主义推广为一种生活方式，传播只有买合适的产品人们才会快乐的理念。【例句分析】本句包含一个同位语从句，that people could be happy only if they作the belief 的同位语。【词语点拨】 promote vt.促进，增进；提升，晋升Good listening can always show respect,promoteunderstanding and improve interpersonal relationship.认真倾听可以展示尊重，增进理解，建立良好的人际关系。He has beenpromoted

10、to general manager.他已经被提升为总经理。 spread vt. 伸开，打开 vi&vt. 传播，蔓延Shespreadher arms and the child ran towards her.她张开双臂，孩子向她跑去。Advertisingspreadquickly throughout the eighteenth century.广告在18世纪迅速传播。 belief n.信任；信念，看法，信仰I havent muchbeliefin his honesty.我不大相信他是诚实的。Different from popularbelief, most good le

11、aders are made, not born.与大众的看法相反，多数优秀领导是后天培养的，而非天生的。Round 2第一组【例句1】What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system. 【例句翻译】他认为，他所证明的是缺乏控制事件的能力会削弱免疫系统，而非经历本身。【例句分析】本句中含有多个从句。首先he believes是插入语，应该前置，也就是句子主干he bel

12、ieves sth. believe 后跟的是宾语从句What he has demonstrated is that lack of.，同时这个宾语从句又包含了what引导的主语从句What he has demonstrated.和that引导的表语从句that lack of control over an event.，其次，表语从句that lack of control over an event is what weakens .中又包含了一个表语从句。故本句虽短，但是充分体现了英语句式层层叠套的特点，翻译和理解的时候要特别注意。【词语点拨】 demonstratevt. 证明；

13、展示Let me demonstrate to you some of the difficulties we are facing.我来向你说明一下我们面临的一些困难。【例句2】A simple trip around the yard in a pair of those shoes eliminates all need to call for a lawn care specialist, and provides the perfect-sized holes to give any lawn oxygen without all those messy chunks of dirt

14、 lying around. 【分析】messy chunks of dirt：乱七八糟的脏东西。【译文】 【例句翻译】只要穿这种鞋在院子里走一走，就完全没必要请修剪草坪的专家了，因为这会形成大小合适的洞为草坪提供氧气，周围还不会留下那些乱七八糟的脏东西。【例句分析】这是一个复杂的简单句，句子的主干是A simple trip eliminates all need and provides holes. 其中in a pair of those shoes 意为“穿着这种鞋”；后面句子中的without是独立主格结构，lie与messy chunks 是主谓关系，故用现在分词，整个结构在句中

15、作伴随状语。【词语点拨】lawnoxygenn. 草地；草坪n. 化学 氧气specialist messy chunks of dirtn. 专家乱七八糟的脏东西 eliminate vt. 消除；排除The police haveeliminatedtwo suspects from their investigation.警方通过调查已经排除了两名嫌疑犯。第二组【例句1】Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, ge

16、stures, customs and languages of other countries, are making us lose friends, business and respect in the world.【例句翻译】我们对语言、文化的无知，以及那种对其他国家形成的品味、姿态、风俗和语言的漫不经心的态度，正使我们在世界上失去朋友，错过商机，丧失威信。【例句分析】这是一个复杂的简单句，句子的主干是Our blindness and casualness are making us lose . ，with which 引导定语从句修饰casualness. 本句主要是对句中词汇

17、的把握和理解。【词语点拨】linguistic blindnessadj. 语言的n. 无知；盲区casualnessrespectn. 偶然；漫不经心n./v. 尊敬，尊重 take notice of注意到；留意Ifyouwantpeopletotakenoticeofyou,you mustmakeyouraccomplishmentsvisible.如果你想别人注意到你，一定要让别人看得见你的成绩。【例句2】Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else d

18、o something, our brains imitate it, whether or not we actually perform the same action.【例句翻译】简言之，镜像神经元的存在表明，不管我们是否真的在执行相同的操作，每一次我们看到别人做点什么，我们的大脑就会模仿。【例句分析】该句的主干是主谓宾结构，the existence of mirror neurons是主语，suggests是谓语，that引导宾语从句。宾语从句又是一个复合句，它的主句是our brains imitate it，名词短语every time做连词，引导时间状语从句，whether （

19、or not）引导让步状语从句。【词语点拨】 put simply adv. 简而言之（插入语）Put simply, we either accept their offer or go bankrupt.简单地说吧，我们要么接受他们的条件，要么破产。 imitate vt.仿效；仿制；模仿Teachers provide a model for children to imitate.教师是孩子们仿效的典范。Round 3第一组【例句1】At the same time, the authors of the bookWorld Hunger: Twelve Mythsargue that

20、 there actually is more thanenough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is notcaused by production, butby problems in food distribution and politics.【例句翻译】与此同时，世界饥荒：十二个神话一书的作者们认为世界上的粮食事实上是足够的，饥荒不是产量问题而是食物分配和政治问题。【例句分析】本句包含两个并列的宾语从句，that there actually is more than enough food in the world与th

21、at the hunger crisis is not caused是两个并列的宾语从句，作argue 的宾语。【词语点拨】 at the same time 同时Most pepole dont find it difficult to eat and read the newspaperat the same time.对于多数人来说，吃东西的时候看报纸并不难。 argue v.主张，认为；争论，争辩She hasarguedthat wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or adve

22、rtisements.她一直主张让野生动物在大自然中生活，不应将它们用于娱乐和广告。Do you everarguewith your family about which TV programme to watch?你曾为看哪个电视节目和家人争论过吗？ notbut 不是而是Shakespeare wasnota musicianbuta writer.莎士比亚不是音乐家而是作家。【例句2】Your current requirement that all archaeologically（从考古学的角度来说） unearthed（出土的） human remains should be r

23、eburied, whether after a standard period of two years or further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological（考古学的） and scientific research.【例句翻译】你目前要求所有从地下挖的考古的人类遗址都应重新埋葬，不管是在规定的两年或是特殊延期，这有背于考古学、科学研究的基本原则。【例句分析】本句包含一个同位语从句, that alll archaeologically unearthedhuman remains s

24、hould be reburied作requirement 的同位语。【词语点拨】 requirement n.需要（品），要求（物）；必要的条件Not all foreign visitors satisfy legal entryrequirements.并非所有外宾均符合入境规定。 remains n. 遗址，遗迹，废墟；剩余物 vi. 保持，仍然是Humanremainsof ancient settlements will be reburied.古代定居点的人类遗骸将被重新安葬。She fed theremainsof her lunch to the dog.她把中午吃剩的喂狗了

25、。(be) contrary to 与相反，相对The resultsare contrary tomy expectation.结果与我的预期恰好相反。Contrary topopular belief, many cats dislike milk.与普遍的看法相反，许多猫并不喜欢牛奶。第二组【例句1】I had already heard that George didnt like being kept waiting, so even though I didnt have the right clothes on, I grabbed my boots and raced afte

26、r him.【例句翻译】我以前就听说过，乔治不喜欢等人，所以尽管我还没穿上该穿的衣服，就一把抓起靴子跟在他后面跑起来。【例句分析】这句话的主干是so连接的并列句，第一个分句中含有that引导的heard的宾语从句。而第二个分句是一个主从复合句，even though引导的句子为让步状语从句。【词语点拨】 grab v.抓住 n.抓取物；抓He made a savagegrabfor the knife.他恶狠狠地去抓刀子。 race n.赛跑；竞争 n.人种；种族；血统 v.赛跑；竞赛Eight horses willracefor the cup.将有八匹马参赛争夺奖杯。Every mor

27、ning he spent two hours training for therace.他每天早晨花两个小时练习赛跑。【例句2】Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger, because better ways are available, among which green farming is supposed to be the first choice.【例句翻译】另一份世界银行的报告断

28、定面对世界贫困和饥饿，转基因作物用处不大，因为有了更好的方法，其中绿色种植被认为是首选。【例句分析】本句包含一个宾语从句和一个定语从句，that GM crops have little to offer是宾语从句，作concluded的宾语；among which “green farming” is是定语从句，修饰先行词better ways。【词语点拨】 conclude vt.推断出，断定；v.结束，终止Aristotleconcludedthat heavy objects always fell faster than light ones.亚里士多德推断出重物总比轻物下落快。Th

29、e meetingconcludedafter three hours.会议于三小时后结束。 offer vt.（主动）提出，提供；n.提供，提议I haveofferedto paint the house in exchange for a weeks accommodation.我已主动提出用粉刷房子换取一周的食宿。Working in a teamoffersme a chance to learn how to get along with others.团队工作给我提供了一个学习如何与他人相处的机会。Have you got any joboffers?你收到工作邀请了吗？ ava

30、ilable adj.可获得的，可利用的；有空的There are plenty of jobsavailablein the western part of the country.在这个国家的西部有大量可得的工作。This is the only day everyone isavailable, so we shouldnt put off the meeting.今天是唯一所有人都在的一天，因此我们不应该推迟会议。 be supposed to be/ to do sth 应该，理应I have reached a point in my life where Iam supposed

31、 tomake decisions of my own.我到了人生中应该自己拿主意的时候了。翻译小练请将下面几个句子翻译成中文。1. However, in all cases, patients should receive the best possible treatment as long as there is hope of recovery before such a decision is considered.2. Originally, they didnt have a sense of land ownership, although aboriginal childr

32、en were taught from an early age that they belonged to the land and must respect tribal boundaries.3. Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and youll be a step closer to achieving them.答案助解：1. However, in all cases, patients should receive the best possible treat

33、ment as long as there is hope of recovery before such a decision is considered.【句式翻译】然而，在所有情况下，在考虑做这样一个决定之前，病人都应该受到尽可能好的治疗，只要有康复的希望就要坚持下去。【句式分析】这句话的主干是patients should receive the best possible treatment，as long as引导的是条件状语从句，条件状语从句中又含有一个before引导的时间状语从句。2.Originally, they didnt have a sense of land ow

34、nership, although aboriginal children were taught from an early age that they belonged to the land and must respect tribal boundaries.【句式翻译】最初他们并没有土地所有权这一概念，虽然土著人的孩子很小就被教育说他们属于大地并且要尊重部落边界。【句式分析】本句中逗号以前的句子为主句，逗号后是although引导的让步状语从句。从句又是一个主从复合句,即that引导宾语从句。3. Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and youll be a step closer to achieving them.【句式翻译】相信自己，每天写下你的目标，不管他们有多小，你离实现它们这一目标就一步步地靠近了。【句式分析】全句的主干是“祈使句+ and分句”，分句中多用sb will。祈使句中有两个谓语动词和一个由however引导的让步状语从句。