2021年届高考二轮英语考纲内派生词词性转换学与练学案：专题08 WORD版含解析.docx

1、专题08(reliable - spelling)【学】词性转换识其形，知其意reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的rely v. 依靠；信赖religious adj. 宗教的；虔诚的religion n. 宗教；宗教信仰report v.& n. 报告；报道；成绩单reporter n. 记者represent v. 代表；表现；描绘；回忆；再赠送representative adj. & n. adj. 典型的，有代表性的；代议制的；表现的，体现的；与表象有关的n. 代表；典型；众议员；销售代表require v. 需要；要求；命令requirement n. 要求；必要条件；必需

2、品reserve v. . 预订（座位等）；储备；拥有（某种权利）；留出（一部分稍后使用）reservation n. 预约，预订；保留ripe adj. 熟的，成熟的；时机成熟的ripen v. vt. 使成熟rule v.& n n. 规则；建议；统治；习惯；定律；法治；尺子；破折号.ruler n. 尺；统治者；测 划线板，划线的人Ssad adj. 难过的；悲哀的，令人悲痛的；凄惨的，阴郁的（形容颜色sadness n. 悲哀；悲伤，悲痛；使人悲伤的事safe adj. . 安全的；可靠的；平安的safety n. 安全；保险；安全设备；保险装置；安打sail v.& n. 航行；启航

3、，开船sailor n. 水手，海员；乘船者sale n. 销售；出售；拍卖；销售额；廉价出售salesman/saleswoman n. 推销员/女售货员satisfy v. 令人满意；令人满足satisfaction n. 满意，满足；赔偿；乐事；赎罪scholar n. 学者；奖学金获得者 scholarship n. 奖学金；学识，学问science n. 科学；技术；学科；理科scientific adj. 科学的，系统的scientist n. 科学家secure adj. 安全的；无虑的；有把握的；稳当的security n. 安全，安全性；保证；证券；抵押品selfish ad

4、j. 自私的；利己主义的selfless adj. 无私的；不考虑自己的sense n. 感觉，官能；观念；道理；理智sensitive adj.敏感的；感觉的；仪 灵敏的；感光的；易受伤害的；易受影响的n. 敏感的人；有灵异能力的人separate v. v. （使）分离，分开；隔开；分手；（使）分居；（使）区别（于）separation n. 分离，分开；间隔，距离；法 分居；缺口serve v. 招待，供应；为服务；对有用；可作用servant n. 仆人，佣人；公务员；雇工service n. 服务，服侍；服役；仪式settle v. 解决；定居；沉淀；下陷settler n. n.

5、移居者；殖民者settlement n. 解决，处理；会计 结算；沉降；殖民sharp adj.& n. 急剧的；锋利的；强烈的；敏捷的；刺耳的n. 尖头sharpen v. 削尖；磨快；使敏捷；加重sharpener n. 卷笔刀；机 磨具；研磨者shop v.& n. 商店；店铺shopping n. 购物，买东西shoot v.& n. 射击，射中；拍摄；发芽；使爆炸；给注射shot n. . 发射；炮弹；射手；镜头short adj. 短的；不足的；矮的，低的shorts n. 短裤silence n. 沉默；寂静；缄默；不谈；无声状态silent adj. 沉默的；寂静的；无记载的s

6、imple adj. 简单的；单纯的；天真的simplify v. 简化；使单纯；使简易slave n. 奴隶；从动装置slavery n. 奴役；奴隶制度；奴隶身份sleep v.& n. 睡，睡觉n.睡眠sleepy adj 困倦的，瞌睡的；（地方）冷清的，寂静的；（生意，产业等）没有活力的.smoke v.& n. 烟；抽烟；无常的事物smoker n. . 吸烟者；薰制工snow v.& n. 雪，积雪；下雪vt. 使纷纷落下；使变白snowy adj. 下雪的，多雪的；被雪覆盖的；洁白无瑕的social adj. 社会的，社交的；群居的socialism n. n. 社会主义soci

7、alist n. 社会主义者，社会党党员special adj. 特别的；重要的；特设的；专用的，特有的；特派的； specialist n. 专家；专门医师speak v. 说话；演讲；表明；陈述speaker n. 演讲者；扬声器；说话者；说某种语言的人speech n. 演讲；讲话；语 语音；演说spell v. 拼写；拼缀出（单词）；拼成；意味着 spelling n. . 拼写；拼字；拼法Part I写出括号内单词的正确形式。1. I have been convinced that the print media are more accurate and _ (rely) tha

8、n television. 2. The building is used for _ (religion ) purposes. 3. For all her experience as a television _ (report ), she was still prone to camera nerves. 4. Youve all been selected as_ (represent ) to plan the graduation ceremonies. 5. Furniture can also be custom-made to suit your own_ (requir

9、e) . 6. She is an excellent worker and I commend her to you without _ (reserve) . 7. The crops will not be ready of harvesting until we have had some sunshine to _ (ripe) them.8. There has a pencil-box, an eraser, a book and a_ (rule) . 9. If you tend to overeat because of depression, first take ste

10、ps to recognize the source of your_ (sad) . 10. The police are concerned for the _ (safe ) of the 12-year-old boy who has been missing for three days. 11. The captain said that over 90 percent of the_ (sail ) are college graduates. 12. He had the _ (satisfy ) of seeing his book become a best-seller.

11、 13. We need to be more _ (science) about this problem. 14. Einstein was a_ (science) who hated pomposity and disliked being called a genius. 15. His home and business are being held as_ (secure) for the loan. 16. A little _ (self) behaviour is unlikely to cause real damage to those around us. 17. Y

12、ou are too_ (sense ) about what people think of you, which will make you exhausted. 18. A fortunate encounter brought the two friends together after a long _ (separate) . 19. The government aims to improve public _ (serve ) , especially education. 20. After the Indians were defeated, thousands of _

13、(settle ) hurried west. 21. The management and unions have reached a _ (settle) over new working conditions. 22. As selfishness and complaint cloud the mind, so love with its joy clears and _ (sharp) the vision. 23. The pencil _ ( sharp) is a tool which can sharpen a pencil along the axial direction

14、 of the pencil.24. Ever since I was a little girl, I have done some _ (shop) with my mum, helping her to carry the heavy bags readily.25. I need absolute _ (silent)when Im working. 26. While intelligent people can often _ (simple) the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple. 27. The

15、bodys natural rhythms mean we all feel dull and_ (sleepy) between 1 and 3 pm. 28. Nicotine(尼古丁) produces a feeling of well-being in the _ (smoke) .29. It was a _ (snow) day and a small girl was making her way down the street. holding a box of matches in her hand.30. Although he is a _ (social) , Mr.

16、 Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class. 31. Peckham, himself a cancer _ (special), is well aware of the wide variations in medical practice. 32. The first _ (speak) at the conference criticized Prof. Johnsons new programme for lack of definition. 33. He made the announcement in a_ (sp

17、eak) on television. 34. We require grammar and _ (spell) to be accurate. Part II阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Li Ziqi has made a name for herself in her videos that highlight a traditional Chinese way of life in the rural areas of Sichuan Province. Her videos cover 61 (vary) crafts related to tra

18、ditional culture, from making paper and ink to weaving cloth, from making a silk comforter to building her own bread kiln (窑) with blocks. Nothing seems impossible with Lis hands as they work their magic to bring these things into 62 (exist).Li, born in 1990, 63 (live) with her grandparents in Miany

19、ang, Sichuan, since the age of 6 after her father died. Life was difficult for her during her youth as she and her grandparents had little to live on. Li herself said that she was 64 (finance) supported to continue schooling. She started to work in the city at 14 and would not have returned to her c

20、hildhood home but for her grandmother 65 (fall) ill in 2012. After returning home, Li opened 66 online shop to sell mostly food products. To increase sales, she began making short films in 2016 about how these products 67 (create).A Weibo user remarked, “Lis success lies 68 her passion for life.” An

21、other Weibo user wrote, “Thank you for giving me an opportunity 69 (appreciate) the landscape in the countryside.” Li is not without criticism. Some people have expressed skepticism because it is unbelievable 70 she looks so perfect after a long day of work in the fields.1. I have been convinced tha

22、t the print media are more accurate and _ (rely) than television. 【答案】more reliable【详解】考查形容词。句意：我一直深信印刷媒体比电视更准确、更可靠。2. The building is used for _ (religion ) purposes. 【答案】 religious【详解】考查形容词。句意：这座建筑是用于宗教活动的。3. For all her experience as a television _ (report ), she was still prone to camera nerves.

23、 【答案】reporter【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管有丰富的做电视记者的经验，她仍然倾向于在镜头前紧张。4. Youve all been selected as_ (represent ) to plan the graduation ceremonies. 【答案】representatives【详解】考查名词。句意：你们所有人都已被选作策划毕业典礼的代表。5. Furniture can also be custom-made to suit your own_ (require) . 【答案】requirements【详解】考查名词。句意：家具也可以定做来满足你个人的要求。6. Sh

24、e is an excellent worker and I commend her to you without _ (reserve) . 【答案】reservation【详解】考查名词。句意：她工作出色，我毫无保留地把她推荐给你。7. The crops will not be ready of harvesting until we have had some sunshine to _ (ripe) them.【答案】ripen【详解】考查动词。句意：除非有充足的阳光让其成熟，否则我们就还不能收割稻米。8. There has a pencil-box, an eraser, a b

25、ook and a_ (rule) . 【答案】ruler【详解】考查名词。句意：这有一个铅笔盒、一块橡皮、一本书和一把尺子。9. If you tend to overeat because of depression, first take steps to recognize the source of your_ (sad) . 【答案】sadness【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你因为沮丧而打算暴食的话，首先要设法弄清你悲伤的来源。10. The police are concerned for the _ (safe ) of the 12-year-old boy who has

26、been missing for three days. 【答案】safety 【详解】考查名词。句意：那个12岁的男孩失踪三天了，警方对他的安全感到担忧。11. The captain said that over 90 percent of the_ (sail ) are college graduates. 【答案】 sailors【详解】考查名词。句意：船长说，90%以上的水手都是大学毕业生。12. He had the _ (satisfy ) of seeing his book become a best-seller. 【答案】satisfaction【详解】考查名词。句意：

27、看到自己的作品成了畅销书，他志得意满。13. We need to be more _ (science) about this problem. 【答案】scientific【详解】考查名词。句意：在这个问题上我们需要更为严谨一些14. Einstein was a_ (science) who hated pomposity and disliked being called a genius. 【答案】scientist 【详解】考查名词。句意：科学家爱因斯坦不喜欢摆架子，也不喜欢被称为天才。15. His home and business are being held as_ (se

28、cure) for the loan. 【答案】security【详解】考查名词。句意：他是以房子和店铺为抵押得到这笔贷款的。16. A little _ (self) behaviour is unlikely to cause real damage to those around us. 【答案】 selfish 【详解】考查名词。句意：有点儿自私的行为不太可能对我们周围的人们造成真正的伤害。17. You are too_ (sense ) about what people think of you, which will make you exhausted. 【答案】sensit

29、ive【详解】考查名词。句意：你对别人对于你的看法太敏感了，这会让你疲惫不堪。18. A fortunate encounter brought the two friends together after a long _ (separate) . 【答案】separation【详解】考查名词。句意：两位老朋友长期分离这次才有幸相遇。19. The government aims to improve public _ (serve ) , especially education. 【答案】services【详解】考查名词。句意：政府致力于改善公共服务事业，尤其是教育。20. After

30、the Indians were defeated, thousands of _ (settle ) hurried west. 【答案】settlers【详解】考查名词。句意：在打败印第安人之后，无数的定居者涌向西部。21. The management and unions have reached a _ (settle) over new working conditions. 【答案】settlement【详解】考查名词。句意：资方和工会已就新的工作条件达成协议。22. As selfishness and complaint cloud the mind, so love wit

31、h its joy clears and _ (sharp) the vision. 【答案】sharpens【详解】考查动词。句意：自私和抱怨使心灵阴暗，愉悦的爱则使视野明朗开阔。23. The pencil _ ( sharp) is a tool which can sharpen a pencil along the axial direction of the pencil.【答案】sharpener【详解】考查名词。句意：铅笔专用刨刀是一种沿铅笔轴向削笔的工具。24. Ever since I was a little girl, I have done some _ (shop)

32、 with my mum, helping her to carry the heavy bags readily.【答案】shopping【详解】考查名词。句意：当我还是个小丫头的时候，就经常陪着妈妈逛商店，开心地帮她拎包儿。25. I need absolute _ (silent)when Im working. 【答案】silence 【详解】考查名词。句意：我工作时需要绝对的安静。26. While intelligent people can often _ (simple) the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the

33、simple. 【答案】simplify【详解】考查名词。句意：聪明人经常会让复杂的问题简单化，而傻瓜更可能将简单的东西弄得更复杂。27. The bodys natural rhythms mean we all feel dull and_ (sleepy) between 1 and 3 pm. 【答案】sleepy 【详解】考查形容词。句意：身体的自然节律造成我们在下午1点至3点间都会感到无精打采、昏昏欲睡。28. Nicotine(尼古丁) produces a feeling of well-being in the _ (smoke) .【答案】smoker【详解】考查名词。句意

34、：尼古丁能让吸烟者产生一种愉悦的感觉。29. It was a _ (snow) day and a small girl was making her way down the street. holding a box of matches in her hand.【答案】snowy【详解】考查名词。句意：一个下雪天，一个小女孩在街上走着。她手里拿着一盒火柴。30. Although he is a _ (social) , Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class. 【答案】socialist【详解】考查名词。句意：

35、虽然威尔斯先生是个社会主义者，但他对工人阶级几乎没有同情心。31. Peckham, himself a cancer _ (special), is well aware of the wide variations in medical practice. 【答案】specialist【详解】考查名词。句意：佩卡姆本人就是个癌症专家，非常清楚医疗实践中的广泛差异。32. The first _ (speak) at the conference criticized Prof. Johnsons new programme for lack of definition. 【答案】speak

36、ers【详解】考查名词。句意：会上的首批发言者批评约翰逊教授的新项目没有清晰度。33. He made the announcement in a_ (speak) on television. 【答案】speech【详解】考查名词。句意：他在一次电视讲话中发表了这一声明。34. We require grammar and _ (spell) to be accurate. 【答案】spelling【详解】考查名词。句意：我们要求语法与拼写正确无误。Part II阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。【答案】61various/varied62existence6

37、3has been living/has lived64financially65falling66an67were created68in69to appreciate70that【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了李子柒的成长经历及成名经历，以及大家对她的评价。61考查形容词。句意：她的视频涵盖了与传统文化有关的各种手工艺。句中crafts意为“手艺，工艺”，名词词性，前面应用形容词修饰，vary意为“变化，改变”，动词词性，对应的形容词为various或varied，意为“各种各样的”，句中指各种各样的手工艺。故填various/varied。62考查名词。句意：李用手似乎没有什么是做

38、不到的，它们用魔法把这些东西变为了现实。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“bringinto”，意为“把带入”，into为介词，后应接名词，exist意为“存在”，动词词性，对应的名词为existence，意为“存在”，existence当“存在”讲时，是不可数名词，句中指“把这些东西变为现实”。故填existence。63考查时态。句意：李出生于1990年，父亲去世后，从6岁起，一直与祖父母住在四川绵阳。根据句中“since the age of 6”可知，句子应为现在完成时，表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句式为“主语+has/have+动词过去分词+其他”，句子主语为Li，与has连用，l

39、ive的过去分词为lived，故可填has lived；或用现在完成进行时，表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并且有可能持续下去，句式为“主语+has/have been+动词现在分词+其他”，live的现在分词为living，故可填has been living。故填has been living/has lived。64考查副词。句意：李说，她有经济上的支持继续上学。分析句子可知，句中was supported意为“被支持”，谓语动词，前应用副词修饰，finance意为“财政”，名词词性，对应的副词为financially，意为“经济上”，句中指“经济上的支持”，符合句意。故填financi

40、ally。65考查非谓语动词。句意：她14岁开始在城市工作，要不是2012年祖母生病，她不会回到儿时的家。分析句子可知，空格处涉及动名词的复合结构，but for意为“要不是”，为介词短语，后接动名词的复合结构作宾语，即名词+动名词。故填falling。66考查冠词。句意：回家后，李开了一家网店，主要销售食品。分析句子可知，句中泛指开了“一家”网店，故应用不定冠词修饰，online音标第一个音素为元音音素，应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。67考查时态和语态。句意：为了增加销量，她在2016年开始制作短片，讲述这些产品是如何被创造的。根据句中“in 2016”可知，句子讲述的是过去的事，应用一般

41、过去时。句中products 和create之间为被动关系，即“产品被创造”，故句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，句式为“主语+was/were+动词过去分词+其他”，products为可数名词复数，与were连用，create的过去分词为created。故填were created。68考查固定短语。句意：李的成功在于她对生活的热情。句中涉及固定短语“lie in”，意为“在于”，句中指“李的成功在于她对生活的热情”符合句意。故填in。69考查固定短语。句意：谢谢你给我一个欣赏乡村风景的机会。句中涉及固定短语“an opportunity to do sth.”，意为“一个做某事的机会”，appreciate 意为“欣赏”，动词词性，to后接动词原形。故填to appreciate。70考查主语从句。句意：有些人表示怀疑，因为在野外工作了一天之后，她看起来如此完美，这令人难以置信。根据句意和句子结构可知，这里含有一个主语从句，it为形式主语，真正的主语为空格处引导的从句，从句不缺成分，且意义完整，故应用that引导从句。故填that。