2022年中考英语阅读 词汇提升 句型分析系列08.docx

1、36 Ayounggirlraisesherhandinclasstoanswertheteachers question.Sheloudlysaystherightanswerbuthearssomebodycallhera“know-it-all”andseessomeoneelserollhiseyes.Shedoesntfeel comfortableenoughtospeakupagainbecauseconfidentwomenarethoughttobe“bossy.”Thiscampaignencouragedyounggirlstobecomeleadersandstayco

2、nfident inthefaceofbeingcalled“bossy”.LailaFarah,fromDePauluniversity,US,saysshebelievesthisstereotypecomesfromhistory.“Thereisanoldideathatgirlsarenotascleverasboys,”Farahsays.“Thereisalsoanotherveryoldideathat womenactaccordingtotheirfeelings.”“Gender(性别) stereotypes come from everywhere,” Farah s

3、aid. “It islearnedinwhenpeoplewerebabies,fromthetoyschosen,tosaying girlsarentgoodatmath.”InastudydonebytheGirlsLeadershipInstitute,manygirlssaidthatthebiggestthingholdingthem back from participating in class was getting judged(评判). Girls learn to keep their ideas and leadershipskillstothemselves.Ma

4、ybeinsteadofneverusingthewordbossy,weneedtoforgetthe ideathatbeingbossyisabadthing.Attheendoftheday,bossypeople getthejobdone.词语突破：raiserez vt. 提高；筹集；养育；升起vi. 上升n. 高地；上升；加薪bossybs adj.专横的；浮雕装饰的；爱指挥他人的n. 母牛；牛犊campaignkmpenvi. 作战；参加竞选；参加活动n. 运动；活动；战役stereotypestrtap vt. 使用铅版；套用老套，使一成不变n. 陈腔滥调，老套；铅版Ins

5、titutensttjut vt. 开始（调查）；制定；创立；提起（诉讼）n. 学会，协会；学院participateptspet vi. 参与，参加；分享vt. 分享；分担难句释义：Thiscampaignencouragedyounggirlstobecomeleadersandstayconfidentinthefaceofbeingcalled“bossy”.语法突破：tobecomeleadersandstayconfident 宾语补足语翻译：当女孩们被叫成女汉子时，这项运动鼓励着她们成为领导人，保持自信37There was once an old and deep well.

6、People got water by dropping a bucket(木桶) tied to a rope. The rope passed over a wheel just above the well. On the other side of the rope was another bucket.A strong pull brought one bucket to the top while the other down to the water. They always passed each other on the way up and down, but never

7、had time to speak.At last, the rope became worn. So a new rope had to be put in its place. （1）While this was being done, the two buckets were left standing together near the well.“What a boring life we have!” said one bucket to the other. “I am quite tired of it. No matter how full we come up, we ar

8、e always sent down empty.”But the other bucket laughed and said, “What a funny way you have of looking at things! （2）Dont you see that whenever we are sent down empty, we always come up full?Boys and girls sometimes talk like these two buckets.（3） You may hear one of them say, “Just as we are having

9、 a good game, we are made to stop and go to work again.” “Yes,” the other will reply, “but as soon as work is over, we always get to go out and have fun again.”词语突破： wheel 英 wil美 wiln. 车轮；方向盘；转动up and down上上下下；到处；前前后后；来来往往 worn英 wn美 wrnv. 穿；磨损（wear的过去分词）；佩戴adj. 疲倦的；用旧的 empty英 empt美 mptn. 空车；空的东西adj.

10、 空的；无意义的；无知的；徒劳的难句释疑：（1） While this was being done, the two buckets were left standing together near the well.语法突破：While引导的状语从句。翻 译：当这件事完成的时候，两个桶被放在井边。（2）Dont you see that whenever we are sent down empty, we always come up full?语法突破：that whenever we are sent down empty作see的宾语。翻 译：你不知道我们什么时候被空着送出，我们总

11、是归来时满满的吗？（3）You may hear one of them say, “Just as we are having a good game, we are made to stop and go to work again.”语法突破：one of them，数字+of+名词、代词复数。翻 译：你可能听到其中一个人说：“就像我们正在进行一场精彩的比赛一样，我们被迫停止比赛然后再去上班。”38This year the US will honour(纪念) one of the countrys most famous writersMark Twain (1835-1910).

12、Most readers know that his real name was Samuel Longhome Clemens, but how many know where the pen name “Mark Twain” came from?The answer shows Clemens colorful early life before he became a writer. （1）“Mark Twain” was the cry shouted on a ship when the ship entered a part of a river that was two fat

13、homs (6 feet) deep. “Twain” is an old-fashioned way of saying “two”. Twain trained as a ship pilot on the Mississippi river for two years, a time that he wrote about in the humorous Life on the Mississippi (1883).The famous river would become an important theme in many of his workswho could forget t

14、he journey of the Huck and Jim along it in his most famous book. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884)?With little education, he had to teach himself how to write stories. （2）Whenever possible, he would go to public libraries. There he spent much time reading and thinking, which greatly helped h

15、im with his writing.(3)On the other hand, his life experiences gave him wonderful material to write about and attract readers. Twain wrote in a style that has been called “local colour” because it shows great knowledge of local people and their customs.This gift is very clear in the two books for wh

16、ich Twain is still celebrated today. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its follow-up The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which many people call “The Great American Novel”.The most amazing invention in the book is the voice of Huck himself. Huck did not enjoy schooling. It shows in the way he u

17、ses language, in a spoken style. Only a master like Twain could copy the way a young southern boy talked so well.词语突破：old-fashioneduldfnd adj. 老式的；过时的；守旧的humoroushjum()rs adj. 诙谐的，幽默的；滑稽的，可笑的adventuredvent n. 冒险；冒险精神；投机活动 vt. 冒险；大胆说出 vi. 冒险amazingmez adj. 令人惊异的 v. 使吃惊（amaze的ing形式）难句释疑：（1） “Mark Twai

18、n” was the cry shouted on a ship when the ship entered a part of a river that was two fathoms (6 feet) deep. 语法突破：本句是一个以when引导的时间状语从句，并且从句中又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a river, 主句中shouted on a ship 是过去分词作后置定语修饰名词the cry.翻译：“Mark Twain”是当船进入一个有两英寻（6英尺）深的河流的一部分时，在船上叫喊的声音。（2） Whenever possible, he would go to

19、 public libraries.语法突破：本句是一个以whenever引导的时间状语从句的省略句，省略了it is.翻译：只要有可能，他就会去公共图书馆。（3）There he spent much time reading and thinking, which greatly helped him with his writing.语法突破：本句是一个非限制性定语从句。本句有spend some time （in）doing sth 意为花费时间做某事。翻译：在那里，他花了大量的时间阅读和思考，这对他的写作大有帮助。39Carrots(胡萝卜) are grown on farms a

20、nd in small family gardens all over the world. They are easy to plant and easy to harvest. They have a good taste. When people think about carrots, they usually think they are a kind of long, thin, orange-colored vegetable. In fact, carrots are in many different sizes and shapes. And not all carrots

21、 are orange. Carrots should be grown in a field that does not have water for a long time. The earth also should not be too hard. To prepare your carrot garden, dig up the earth and turn it over(翻土). Weather, soil condition(土壤状况), and time affect(影响) the taste of carrots. Warm days and cool nights ar

22、e the best time to grow great delicious carrots.(1)The best way to decide if a carrot is ready to be harvested is by its color. Usually , the brighter the color is, the better the taste is.Most people do not know that carrots can be grown during the winter months. (2)If the winter is not cold enough

23、 to freezethe ground, you can grow carrots the same way as you do during the summer months.Carrots are prepared and eaten in many different ways. They are cut into thin pieces and cooked with other vegetables or meat. Or, they are washed, and eaten just as they come out of the ground. 词语突破:harvesthv

24、st,hvstn. 收获；产量；结果vt. 收割；得到orange-colored橙色的dig up 挖usuallyjuuli, juliadv. 通常，经常freezefrizvi. 冻结；冷冻；僵硬vt. 使冻住；使结冰n. 冻结；凝固难句释疑:(1)The best way to decide if a carrot is ready to be harvested is by its color.语法突破:to decide. harvested不定式作后置定语； if 引导宾语从句作 decide宾语。翻译：决定胡萝卜是否已经可以收获的最好的方法是通过它的颜色。 (2)If the

25、 winter is not cold enough to freeze the ground, you can grow carrots the same way as you do during the summer months.语法突破：If引导条件状语从句，as引导方式状语从句翻译：如果冬天没有足够冷地冻住地面，你可以像在夏天所做的那样种胡萝卜。40Doyoualwaysfinditisrainingwhenyouwalkout？Orareyoualwaysbuyingumbrellasandleavingthemhomewhenitrains?Thereisanewumbrella

26、thatcouldsolvebothproblemsTheumbrellawillnotonlytellyoutheweather，but also let you know youve left it behind. Howdoesitwork？The umbrella will send a messagetoyoursmartphone. Anditsays Hey, its going to rain in 15 minutes whereyouare, so youd better take your umbrella.” Besides，ifyouareforgetful，you

27、may never leave an umbrella on abusorsomewhereelseagainTheumbrellawillsendawarningtoyoursmartphoneifyouleaveitbehind. Thenewumbrellaisexpectedtogoonsalesoon. Thoughitisagoodideaanditlooksprettycool，theumbrellawillcostyou$185Maybeyouwilljustcheckthefreeweatherapps（应用程序）on your smartphone and take an

28、umbrella with you when itisgoingtorain词汇突破：solveslv vt. 解决；解答；溶解vi. 作解答messagemesd n. 消息；差使；启示；预言；广告词vi. 报信，报告；vt. 通知warningwn n. 警告；预兆；预告adj. 警告的； v. 警告（warn的ing形式）salesel n. 销售；出售；拍卖；销售额；廉价出售checktek vt. 检查，核对；制止，抑制； vi. 核实，查核；打勾； n. 支票；制止，抑制；检验，核对难句释疑:Theumbrellawillsendawarningtoyoursmartphoneifyouleaveit behind语法突破：if引导条件状语从句。leave behind“遗留，留下”。翻译：如果你忘带雨伞，雨伞会给你的智能手机发出警告。