2023年高考化学考前信息必刷卷（上海专用）（原卷版）.docx

1、绝密启用前2023年高考英语考前信息必刷卷01上海专用上海高考英语试卷坚持以德为先，通过有关语篇与测试任务，增强考生关爱互助的意识，培养高尚的道德情操，赓续伟大的红色基因。 2022年7 月上海高考英语写作试题设置了创设校园生活中“走进历史”活动的情景，要求考生在三种活动形式中选择其一展开论述，引导考生重温辉煌历史，汲取精神养料，坚定文化自信，激发爱国情怀。本套试卷的写作试题让考生通过分析漫画的形式从文化自信和文化多样性的角度入手，阐述对于文化的认知，这有助于年轻人产生积极改变生活的想法。（考试时间：150分钟 试卷满分：140分）注意事项：1. 答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2.

2、请将答案正确填写在答题卡上I. Listening Comprehension Section A （10分）Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a c

3、onversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1AHe knows very little about John.BJohn doesnt deserve the promotion.CJohn should earn more money.DHe doesnt care for the news.2AShe didnt work

4、hard on it.BShe made many persuasive claims in it.CIt wasnt as good as expected.DHer professor was satisfied with it.3 AViolence sports are the source of social instabilityBViolence sports are to blame for crime and school bullyingCViolence sports serve as an escape for negative emotionsDViolence sp

5、orts wont attract many peoples interest in the long run.4AThe two sides of a coin.BA serious economics professor.CThe effects of a financial crisis.DThe definition of a financial crisis.5AShe is known to have a terrific figure.BShe must have paid a lot for the gym.CHer gym exercise has achieved good

6、 results.DHer effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy.6AHe will propose the group buying.BHe will propose the graduation ceremony.CHe wont organize the group buying.DHe wont attend the graduation ceremony.7AThe woman should be optimistic.BThe woman should have trust in herself.CThe woman should ma

7、ke better preparations.DThe woman should let the team believe in her.8AThe job of selling houses.BThe price of the new house.CThe house owners parents.DThe experience of the house owner.9AHe is physically unhealthy.BHe doesnt like places with loud sound.CHe is unable to fall asleep.DHe has some psyc

8、hological problems.10 AThe man should work on his papers.BThe man should go to the birthday party.CThe man should wait around the corner.DThe man should tell no joke at this moment.Section B （15分）Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be as

9、ked several questions on each of them. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 1

10、3 are based on the following passage.11AHe liked music and travelling when he was little.BHe became famous and rich very soon.CHe played music a lot even at his early childhood.DHe learned music from other classical musicians.12AHe was engaged as a court musician in Salzburg.BHe composed a lot and e

11、arned a lot of money.CHe predicted his own death by composing Requiem.DHe reached the peak of his career.13AA brief biography of Mozart.BHow did Mozart compose music.CMozart and classical music.DThe influence of western music on Mozart.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14ABe

12、gging.BFixing tricycles.CDoing some metal work.DTraining others.15AHe cant collect enough money.BHis former monitor did not support him.CHe felt ashamed after being recognised.DHe has found other way to make money.16ATo encourage physically challenged people to abandon begging.BTo train and help peo

13、ple have their own metal workshops.CTo help people overcome their disabilities.DTo raise peoples awareness of respecting the disabled.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17AA travel plan.BAn ancient water town.CAn activity at weekend.DA plan to lose weight.18AIts too long

14、 and slow-paced.BHe like the Crouching Tiger and Hidden Dragon better.CHe prefers to watch dramas of Shakespeare.DDelicious food attracts him more.19ATo arouse the interest of the audience.BTo compare and prove that Tang Xianzu was a great writer.CTo show the importance of atmosphere in an opera.DTo

15、 prove that The Peony Pavilionwas world-famous.20AThe man is a big fan of Kun opera and Shakespeare.BThe woman is excited about visiting Zhu Jiajiao.CThe woman will enjoy nice atmosphere as well as delicious food this weekend.DA New version of The Peony Pavilion will come to the stage in Zhu Jiajiao

16、.II. Grammar and vocabulary (共 20 题，每小题 1 分，满分 20 分)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use

17、one word that best fits each blank.Wikipedia has come a long way since it started in 2001. With around 70, 000 volunteers editing in over 100 languages, it is by far the worlds _21_(popular)reference site. However, its future is uncertain. One of the biggest threats it faces is the rise of smartphon

18、es _22_the dominant personal computing device. Wikipedia has always depended on contributors (撰稿人) who hunch over keyboards_23_(search) for references, discussing changes and writing articles with a special code. Its simply too hard to use complex code on a tiny screen. The pool of potential Wikiped

19、ia editors_24_dry up as the number of mobile users keeps growing. The nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation, _25_oversees(监督) Wikipedias operations, _26_(look) for solutions for a while. For instance, the development of touch-screen tools allows editors to sift through (筛选)information and share content fro

20、m their phones. The tension runs through the community. Last year, the foundation took unprecedented steps of forcing the installation of new software on the German-language Wikipedia. The German editors_27_(show) their independence by resisting an earlier update to the sites user interface(界面). _28

21、_the wishes of these experienced editors, the foundation installed a new method for viewing multimedia content and then set up a “superprotect” feature _29_(prevent) stubborn administrators from changing it back. Could the pressure from mobile users, and the internal tension, tear Wikipedia apart? A

22、 world without it seems unimaginable, but consider the fate of other online communities. Blogging, celebrated a decade ago as pioneering an exciting new form of personal writing, has decreased significantly in the social-media age. These are challenges, but they can still_30_(solve). There is no oth

23、er significant alternative to Wikipedia, and good will toward the project could hardly be higher. In an age of internet giants, the selflessness of websites is worth saving.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that t

24、here is one word more than you need.Apresent Bfeatures Cconcerned Dreportedly E. commercialF. stretchesG. overwhelmingH. exceptionally I. routinely J. sparedK. broadcastsModern media is awash in advertising clutter(杂乱), and whos to blame? Modern audiences that hate conventional full-length and full-

25、size ads. Todays consumers dont like to pay for content, which ought to create a rich environment for advertisers. Yet these same consumers are prone to click or turn away when a conventional ad appears. The result is ad clutter. YouTube _31_a combination of full-length ads, skippable ads, lower-scr

26、een banners and display ads on the page alongside each video. Newspapers that once considered the front page important now _32_run ads there. Advertisers integrate plugs(推销) into content to frustrate digital video recorders, which allow viewers to watch programs on a delay and skip regular commercia

27、ls. If you watch regional telecasts of baseball games, the commercial clutter is so _33_. Ads are visible on the stadium wall behind the home-plate umpire(裁判). On-screen graphics include sponsor logos. And everything is a paid plug-“This call to the coachs zone is brought to you by Verizon.” Accordi

28、ng to the showbiz paper Variety, several streaming services are about to introduce a new twist: commercials that start running whenever a viewer pauses a program. Hulu intends to launch such ads this year. AT&Ts DirecTV and U-verse units will _34_use similar technology to trigger full-motion commerc

29、ials whenever a viewer tries to take a break. Theres a lot at stake. According to Variety, National Football League(NFL) TV broadcasts generate an estimated $4.35 billion in ad revenue during the 17-week regular season. NFL _35_are now loaded with mini commercials that pop up when there is a brief p

30、ause in the action, often in “double boxes” that show a view of the field in one frame and a(n)_36_in the other. Interestingly, with no “screen” to work with, radio is one medium that has tried for some time to buck the trend. Many commercial stations trade clutter for clusters-that is, a solid bloc

31、k of commercials running five minutes or more, followed by lengthy commercial-free _37_of time. But wherever a screen is involved, or a printed page, ad clutter is _38_everywhere. Programmers and advertisers cant really be expected to limit this; its a fact of business. Consumers, on the other hand,

32、 can opt for commercial-free content-if theyre willing to pay for it.But getting limitless content without paying while also being _39_heavy advertising intrusions is impossible. As media environment is permanently cluttered, audiences should be _40_with what they wish for.III Reading Comprehension(

33、满分 45 分)Section A (共 15 题，每小题 1 分，满分 15 分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Many people learn at an early age to associate the color red with danger. So might

34、 it make sense to print medication_41_ in red ink? And since the color blue is known to call to mind the freedom of open skies, might it help artists to_42_ in a studio painted in that color? According to new research into how the brain reacts to _43_ , the answer to both of these questions is yes.

35、The study revealed that the color red seems to improve a subjects attention to _44_ , while blue appears to stimulate creativityall without the subject realizing that his or her brain is being influenced.“People are not _45_ this effect at all,” marveled the studys lead researcher Juliet Zhu, who st

36、udies the effects of environmental cues on behavior. To study the brains response to specific colors, Zhus team administered a series of_46_ tests to college students. For most of the tests, the students were placed in front of a computer screen that was colored either red or blue. The researchers f

37、ound that when the screen was red, subjects performed better on detail-oriented tasks. In one test,_47_ , students were asked to memorize a list of words. Zhu found that students who studied the list displayed on a red screen were able to recall more words than students who studied the list on a _48

38、_ screen.In other tests, creative abilities seemed to be _49_ by looking at the color blue. For instance, the students were asked to brainstorm potential uses for bricks. Students sitting in front of blue screens tended to come up with ideas that were_50_ , such as “make a paperweight” and “build a

39、pet scratching post.” Students sitting in front of a red screen, on the other hand, were more likely to list _51_ uses for bricks, such as “build a house.”Researchers concluded from the tests that seeing red causes people to take the extra time to think _52_ when performing detail-oriented tasks, su

40、ch as _53_ , proofreading and, of course, reading those all-important warning labels. _54_ most people learn early in their development that red signifies potential danger, Zhu said, seeing red perhaps helps people to slow down in order to perform at their best in a potentially risky situation. Seei

41、ng blue, on the other hand, produces images of the sky, freedom and peace. Perhaps these images, researchers supposed, _55_ feelings. “Its really this learned association with these colors that drives these different motivations,” Zhu said.41AinstructionsBsymptomsCwarningsDtreatments42AcreateBrelaxC

42、decorateDdesign43AskiesBmedicationCcolorsDpaint44AdangerBdetailCemotionsDvigor45Adistracted byBaware ofCcontent withDcurious about46AcognitiveBintelligenceCmentalDmemory47Aon one handBat the same timeCfor exampleDthat is48AgreyBblueCgreenDwhite49AprovenBacquiredCrecognizedDenhanced50Amore abstractBm

43、ore positiveCmore innovativeDmore valuable51ApracticalBacademicCeconomicalDprofitable52AcriticallyBlogicallyCcarefullyDindependently53ApaintingBmemorizingCdesigningDbrainstorming54AUnlessBWhenCSinceDThough55Aturn upBstir upCset offDgive offSection B (共 11 题，每小题 2 分，满分 22 分)Directions: Read the follo

44、wing three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.APeople with fixed mindsets believe that:Skill

45、, intelligence and talents are natural.Failure is shameful and should be avoided.Some people are naturally good at things while others not.You are not in control of your abilities.People with growth mindsets believe that:You have the capacity to learn and grow your skills.Failure is a valuable lesso

46、n.People who are good at something are good because they build that ability.You are in control of your abilities.have a desire to look smart, so tend to:Avoid challenges.Give up easily.See effort as fruitless or worse.Ignore useful negative feedback.Feel threatened by the success of others.have a de

47、sire to learn, so tend to:Embrace challenges.Persist in the face of setbacks.See effort as the path to mastery.Learn from criticism.Find lessons and inspiration in the success of others.As a result, they may stay at the same level early and achieve less than their full potential.As a result, they re

48、ach ever-higher levels of achievement.Change can be tough, but Ive never heard anyone say it wasnt worth it. Did changing to a growth mindset solve all my problems? No. But I know that I have a different life because of ita richer one.56The book “mindset” is intended to _.Atell readers that two diff

49、erent mindsets lead to different resultsBillustrate that people with different mindsets hold different beliefsChelp readers believe people act differently when facing challengesDpersuade people to learn to change so as to enjoy a more fruitful life57Generally speaking, people with fixed mindsets are

50、 mostly _.AsuccessfulBstraightforwardCintelligentDnarrow-minded58A person with a growth mindset is likely to say _.A“If I win, Ill be somebody; if I lose, Ill be nobody.”B“To be good at sports, you need to be naturally gifted.”C“Learn techniques and skills and practice them regularly, and you will a

51、lways improve.”D“You have a certain level of ability in sports and you cannot really do much to change it.”BThe Happiness MythHappiness is not natural. It is a mere human construct. A state of contentment (let alone happiness) is discouraged by our genetic design because it would lower our guard aga

52、inst possible threats to our survival. Chasing happiness is like chasing an elusive (难寻踪迹的) ghost, but the positive thinking industry claims to know its secrets. Self-help was popularized by Norman Vincent Peale, a colorful American pastor (牧师). He invented “positive thinking”, a concept now deeply

53、embedded in our culture and steadily growing in influence. The global personal development industry was valued at $38. 28 billion in 2019 and is expected to grow at a rate of 5. 1%. Popular films and books are full of supposedly inspirational statements about how all you need to do is believe in you

54、rself and then youll be able to achieve anything in life. This is simply, and obviously, not true. I dont think there is a need to explain that many obstacles and misfortunes in life are inevitable, or unmanageable. Our ancestors knew this, and many philosophical and religious traditions are based o

55、n the acceptance that being alive is a very challenging task, which comes with significant amounts of suffering. It goes without saying that we should do all we can to maximize our sense of wellbeing and minimize our suffering (as the “utilitarian” philosophers explain), but the end result cannot be

56、 a state of sustained bliss (极乐). We are not designed that way. The self-help genre is not a homogeneous (同种类的) beast, however. It is, in fact, ironic how self-help books on happiness and those on how to make it big in life are put together in the same bookshop shelves, given that many of the former

57、 tell us that caring too much about the latter is the main obstacle to happiness. The inevitable clash between mandatory (强制的) optimism and the realities of our existence comes with a heavy psychological price. It could be argued that positive psychology blames those who are suffering for their suff

58、ering, as it is based on the false idea that unhappiness is entirely avoidable. It follows therefore that an unhappy person must be inadequate and incompetent. Positive psychology encourages people who are struggling with a particular goal to persevere in the face of unfavorable odds, which is much

59、more punishing psychologically in the long run than accepting defeat. I believe that coming to terms with life as it is, and not as the happiness industry tells us it could be, will make us happier, and we will feel more at peace with ourselves and with the world. Unfortunately, the devil always has

60、 the best tunes.59What is authors main purpose in writing the first three paragraphs?ATo analyze how personal development industry works.BTo explain how unrealistic it is to pursue happiness in life.CTo contrast modern peoples view of life with our ancestors.DTo review how the concept of happiness h

61、as changed over years.60It seems ironic to the author that putting self-help books on happiness and those on how to “make it big” together because .Athey came from different publishersBthey offer completely opposite valuesCtheir target readers belong to different age groupsDthey are the best-selling

62、 and slowest-selling books on the market61According to the article, which of the following quotes would the author most strongly disagree with?AHappiness is a choice, and so is suffering.BHappiness is ideal. It is the work of the imagination.CHappiness is a by-product. You cannot pursue it by itself

63、.DThe search for happiness is one of the chief sources of unhappiness.62What does the underlined sentence “the devil always has the best tunes” mean?AThe core idea of the happiness industry is a beautiful lie.BThe happiness industry has negative effects on the society.CSuffering contributes more to

64、a meaningful life than happiness.DThe one-sided interpretation of life proved more attractive to the public.CVenus (金星) has long played second to its redder, smaller and more distant neighbor. Given how inhospitable (不宜居住的) Venus has appeared to be, we have spent the majority of the last century pin

65、ning some of our biggest hopes of finding signs of life on Mars.That all changed on September 15, 2020. It was announced that a strange gas called phosphine had been spotted in the clouds above Venus. The gas is produced by microbes, extremely small living things, here on Earth, so the discovery has

66、 renewed hopes that there might be life on Venus. Now we need to know for sure.There is, after all, only so much we can do with ground-based instruments. Venus is extremely bright. This brightness, caused by the intense reflection of sunlight from its thick clouds and highlighted because of its clos

67、er distance to Earth, basically blinds our instruments from making more detailed observations of the planet. It is like trying to look at the road while another cars high beams (远光灯) are pointed in your direction.“To really get to the heart of this question, we need to go to Venus,” says Paul Byrne,

68、 a planetary scientist at North Carolina State University. But of course, that is easier said than done. Temperatures at the surface reach 464, and pressures are 89 times higher than on Earth. Only the Soviet Union has successfully landed on the Venusian surfaceits Venera 13 lander functioned for 12

69、7 minutes before succumbing to the bad weather in 1982. It is not easy to justify spending hundreds of millions or even billions of dollars on a mission that could be over in a matter of hours without giving us what we need.An orbiter is the most sensible start. Unlike ground-based observations, orb

70、iters can peer into the atmosphere and would have a better time observing how phosphine levels change over time or over what regions they are most concentrated. An orbiter also presents the opportunity to complete more challenging projects by potentially venturing directly into the planets atmospher

71、e. A sample return mission could be possible, in which a spacecraft flies into the atmosphere and bottles up some gas to bring back to Earth for laboratory analysis.Trying to find life on another planet, however, is not simply a walk from point A to point BNo single mission to Venus will be able to

72、finish all the work necessary to answer the question. It might be time to think not just about what the next mission to Venus should be, but what a whole new era of Venus exploration would look like: a group of multiple missions that explore Venus in joint effortsthe way we currently do with Mars.63

73、Venus is considered inhospitable to humans mainly because _.Athe pressure of the planet is too lowBthe surface of the planet is too brightCthe density (密度) of the clouds is too lowDthe surface temperature of the planet is too high64The underlined phrase “succumbing to” in paragraph 4 is closest in m

74、eaning to “_”.Agiving in toBkeeping away fromCmaking up forDputting up with65According to the article, scientists will be better able to reveal the secret about Venus by _.Asending astronauts to the planetBusing a more advanced space telescopeClaunching an orbiter to the planetDredesigning their gro

75、und-based instruments66What can we infer from the article?AWe have little hope of successfully finding life on Venus.BWe have a firm determination to discover life on other planets.CWe have spent much time studying phosphine in the past century.DWe have attempted to land on the Venusian surface in t

76、he last century.Section C(共 4 题，每小题 2 分，满分 8 分)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Recently, theres been a lot of talk in U.S. about the “data problem.” It ought to gi

77、ve the “datadriven” school reformers pause to reconsider. Maybe we are just creating a bubble that too will burst if we continue to base our actions on the belief that only scores on standardized instruments are evidence of success._67_ Margo, a famous commenter, states that at least tests are more

78、“reliable” than professional judgment. How can she tell? We want a nation of citizens who are less ready to think that the “truth” can only be captured in one of four answersa, b, c, or d. _68_ But how can the general trend guarantee the reliability of the score of one particular test-taker? Some ed

79、ucator dares to replace these tests with professional human judgments, which must still rest on a numerical rank order based on a, b, c and d. The big problem is that there is often no technical assurance for the reliability of such exams. No wonder many big-name psychologists avoid them.All “reliab

80、ility” tells us is that the student would get a similar score on a similar test if given at another time or place. But all scores on old or new tests have measurement errors. Like Wall Streets numbers, we have no independent basis for relying on these scores. Likewise, validity is in the eye of a ce

81、rtain standard of judgments. How ridiculous it is to say for sure that these judgments are justified!When some parents told me that their children seemed to read well, but scored poorly, they often believed the indirect evidence, test score, and not the direct evidence, listening to their children r

82、ead. Some parents had been trained to distrust judgment and rely on “real evidence”. My own 8-year-old son also used to “fail” a 3rd grade reading test even though I “knew” he could read fluently. _69_We need schools that “train” our judgment, which help us become adults who are in the habit of brin

83、ging judgment to bear on complex phenomenon. _70_ It also involves acknowledging that even experts must live with a substantial degree of uncertainty. Only in this way, can we, to some extent, rely on the results of the school education in the U.S.AEven the technical meaning of “good tests” is open

84、to question.BIts when I became a test doubter.CDifferent groups of people fit different test patterns.DOn all achievement tests, were promised beforehand a population that fits a normal curve (曲线).EThis includes judging which expertise to “trust” and defending such choices.FTime spent on standardize

85、d tests is, in many cases, equal to that on study.IV Summary Writing(满分 10 分)71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Zaha HadidBorn in Iraq in 1950, Zaha Hadid was the fi

86、rst woman to win the Pritzker prize, the fields highest honor. But for years, she had to fight to prove that her designs could even be built. She was a pioneer in Deconstructivism: Designing buildings that looked unstable, jagged, or frozen in mid-explosion. She gained a reputation for her gorgeous,

87、 fantastical designspainted by hand. But her ideas looked impossible to build, so they remained on paper.Then, in 1983, she won a big competition to design a club in the hills of Hong Kong. Hadid proposed carving chunks out of the mountainside, which she called a “man-made geology.” The project was

88、eventually canceled, but the world of architecture then knew her name.Still, it took another decade before one of her concepts actually got built: A fire station in Germany with no right angles; looking like it could take flight. It was a great successquickly becoming a prime example of Deconstructi

89、vist architecture.Around the same time, she won an international competition to design an opera house in Wales, but it was overruled by local politicians, and the funding was pulled. Later, Hadid said it was resistance and prejudice that killed the project.But she kept winning competitions, building

90、 momentumand finally, buildings! By the early 2000s, she was an architecture superstar. She still drew by hand, but adopted new computer technology to model her designs. The software made even wilder shapes possibleincluding the curves that became her signature. A Hadid design was no longer crazy or

91、 impossibleit was simply a Hadid.Sadly, she died of a heart attack in 2016. By then she had built hundreds of buildings, with many more in progress. And she had proved she could build nearly anything she could imagine._V Translation (共 4 题，共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into Eng

92、lish, using the words given in the brackets.72. 说到压力，有时，那些不讨厌压力的人反过来会创造压力条件， 勇于面对任何挫，并笑到最后。 （feed) 73. 专家把大学生感到难以适应校园生活的这个现象归因于缺乏包容和相互理解。（owe） 74. 这些电子产品不仅能让青少年沉迷游戏，而且它们还能给青少年提供一些会导致他们犯罪的不良信息（Not only） 75. 采访发现，83%的人认为教师肩负着培养下一代的重任，是提高全民文化素质的重要因素，值得尊敬。(worth) VI Guided Writing(满分25分)76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 中国一直主张和倡导坚持文化自信，尊重世界文化多样性，促进不同文化之间的交流。请阅读下面的漫画，按要求写一篇文章。 内容要求：1.描述漫画内容；2.分析漫画所揭示的问题；3.提出你的看法：_