4.1 Warming Up .docx

1、4.1 Warming Up & Pre-reading & Reading & ComprehendingUnit 4 Sharing阅读理解ATsunamis(海啸) are one of the most terrifying natural phenomena that the world suffers. The series of waves produced by the displacement(位移) of a large volume of water can be caused by several events, including earthquakes, under

2、water explosions and landslides. Once triggered (引发), a tsunami can hit the coast within minutes and its destructive power can be enormous.At present, early warning systems rely on measuring the movement of dart buoys(浮标), which record changes in the sea level, or assessing the bottom water pressure

3、 of the developing tsunami. But they require the tsunami to physically reach the measurement location. The buoys could be fixed in the deep ocean, but this requires an unrealistically big number of buoys. Or people can fix the buoys along the shoreline, but due to the high speed of the tsunami, this

4、 method may leave no warning time for people on the land.Instead, there is a new system - using sound waves to predict tsunamis. Sound waves caused by an earthquake can travel much faster than the tsunami that has been triggered. Using standard underwater microphones, we can record these sound waves

5、 long before the tsunami arrives regardless of the direction in which the tsunami will travel. The sound signals come from changes in pressure, so what we actually analyze is a series of data on how the pressure is changing overtime. Though buoys also show changes in pressure, the tsunami front must

6、 actually reach the buoys to inform us that there is an increase in the water surface. By using underwater microphones，however, we only need to catch the sound signals.Though the idea of using sound waves to predict tsunamis has been put forward previously, the key to our idea is a new mathematical

7、method that can be used to analyze these recorded sound signals in near real-time. Once this is worked out, we can not only warn people of a tsunami but also more accurately estimate its size long before it reaches the shoreline.1. From Paragraph 1, we know .A. what can trigger off tsunamisB. how to

8、 predict tsunamis effectivelyC. why tsunamis are the worst natural disasterD. how to protect the coastal areas from tsunamis2. What does the underlined word“they”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. The dart buoys.B. The changes in the sea level.C. The changes in water pressure.D. The present early warming sy

9、stems.3. What can we infer about the new warning system from Paragraph 3?A. It has high accuracy.B. It can increase warning time.C. It can monitor changeable sea levels.D. It can adapt to various water wave conditions.4. Whats the best title for the text?A. Ways to guard against tsunamisB. Methods o

10、f analyzing sound signalsC. A new real-time tsunami warning systemD. Tsunami - the most terrifying natural disaster【答案解析】 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C这是一篇说明文。文章通过讲述造成海啸的原因、海啸的破坏力以及当前海啸预警系统的弊端，从而介绍了一个新的实时海啸预警系统。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“The series of waves produced by the displacement(位移) of a large volume of water c

11、an be caused by several events, including earthquakes, underwater explosions and landslides.”（由大量水的位移所产生的一系列波浪可以由地震、水下爆炸和滑坡等多种事件引起）可知从第一段，我们可以知道什么会引发海啸。故选A。【2题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子At present, early warning systems rely on measuring the movement of dart buoys(浮标), which record changes in the sea level,

12、 or assessing the bottom water pressure of the developing tsunami.（目前，预警系统依赖于测量dart浮标的运动，记录海平面的变化，或者评估发展中的海啸的底部水压）可知“they”指的是“目前早期的预警系统”。指的是目前早期的预警系统需要海啸实际到达测量地点。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Instead, there is a new system - using sound waves to predict tsunamis. Sound waves caused by an earthquake can trav

13、el much faster than the tsunami that has been triggered. Using standard underwater microphones, we can record these sound waves long before the tsunami arrives regardless of the direction in which the tsunami will travel.”（取而代之的是一种新的系统利用声波来预测海啸。地震引起的声波传播速度比引发的海啸要快得多。使用标准的水下麦克风，我们可以在海啸到达之前很久就将这些声波记录下

14、来，而不管海啸将向哪个方向传播）可推知，从第三段我们可以推断出新的预警系统是可以增加预警时间的。故选B。【4题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Instead, there is a new system - using sound waves to predict tsunamis.”（取而代之的是一种新的系统利用声波来预测海啸）和最后一段“Though the idea of using sound waves to predict tsunamis has been put forward previously, the key to our idea is a new mathematic

15、al method that can be used to analyze these recorded sound signals in near real-time.”（虽然利用声波来预测海啸的想法以前已经被提出过，但我们这个想法的关键是一种新的数学方法，可以用来近实时地分析这些记录下来的声音信号）结合全文内容，可知这篇文章通过讲述造成海啸的原因、海啸的破坏力以及当前海啸预警系统的弊端，从而介绍了一个新的实时海啸预警系统。这篇文章最好的题目是“一个新的实时海啸预警系统”。故选C。BChildren are excited to find brightly wrapped(包装的) pres

16、ents under the tree on Christmas morning. They cant wait to open the wrapping and get the toys that were on their wish lists, such as toy cars. But after the excitement wears off, those toys are usually left to the corner of the toy box and the kids are searching for something else to do. But it doe

17、snt have to be that way.A study from the University of Toronto found that giving your child experiences as a gift, instead of toys, improves your childs intelligence and makes stronger parent-child bonds. “Often the focus is only on whether someone likes a gift rather than focusing on a fundamental

18、purpose of gift giving. Knowing that will foster(培养) relationships between the giver and the receiver,”said lead researcher Cindy Chan.Chan suggested that when you are buying a holiday gift or birthday gift, you should buy something that kids can experience with you. This can be movie or concert tic

19、kets, a CD from a performance you already saw to keep the memory alive. For example, for kids, a trip to a museum, going ice-skating or a book that the family can read together over and over again are valuable gifts.It is found that giving your kids too many toys can be counterproductive(适得其反) and m

20、ake kids at a loss.The best way to make kids happy is to spend time together.So, if you want happy and intelligent kids, spending time with them and making memories are the best gifts you can give them. Thats not to say that there shouldnt be any toys but change the focus from getting things to maki

21、ng lasting memories.5. How do children usually deal with toys after the excitement disappears?A. They put them aside.B. They give them to their friendsC. They add them to the wish lists.D. They throw them into the rubbish bin.6. What should people focus on when buying gifts according to Cindy Chan?A

22、. The advantage of giving toys.B. The purpose of giving gifts.C. The excitement caused by toys.D. The gift receivers hobby.7. What did Cindy Chan advise parents to do in Paragraph 3?A. Do something together with kids.B. Give kids well-wrapped presents.C. Buy kids as many toys as possibleD. Encourage

23、 kids to do sport in school.8. What is the best title for the text?A. A lesson from kids at ChristmasB. The pleasure of giving and receivingC. Valuable gifts:popular among kidsD. Move over, toys and make room for memories【答案解析】 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. B这是一篇说明文。文章以给孩子买礼物为例，讲述了给予和接受会带来快乐。【5题详解】细节理解题。由第一段第三句

24、“But after the excitement wears off, those toys are usually left to the corner of the toy box and the kids are searching for something else to do.”（ 但是当兴奋过后，这些玩具通常会被放在玩具箱的角落里，孩子们会寻找其他的事情去做。）可知，当兴奋感消失后，孩子们通常把玩具放在一边。故选A项。【6题详解】细节理解题。由第二段首席研究员 Cindy Chan 所说的“Often the focus is only on whether someone l

25、ikes a gift rather than focusing on a fundamental purpose of gift giving. Knowing that will foster(培养) relationships between the giver and the receiver.”（ “人们通常只关注某人是否喜欢某件礼物，而不是关注送礼物的基本目的。知道这一点将会促进赠与者和接受者之间的关系。”）可知，根据 Cindy Chan 的说法，人们在购买礼物时应该注意赠送礼物的目的，故选B项。【7题详解】细节理解题。由第三段第一句“Chan suggested that wh

26、en you are buying a holiday gift or birthday gift, you should buy something that kids can experience with you.”（ Chan建议，当你在购买节日礼物或生日礼物时，你应该买一些孩子可以和你一起体验的东西。）可知，Cindy Chan在第3段中建议家长和孩子一起做一些事情。故选A项。【8题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第二段首席研究员 Cindy Chan 所说的“Often the focus is only on whether someone likes a gift rather than focusing on a fundamental purpose of gift giving.Knowing that will foster(培养) relationships between the giver and the receiver,”（ 人们通常只关注某人是否喜欢礼物，而不是关注送礼物的根本目的，知道这一点将会促进赠与者和接受者之间的关系。）文章以给孩子买礼物为例，讲述了给予和接受会带来快乐。所以，短文的最佳标题应该是给予和接受的快乐。故选B项。