6.被动语态 讲义-2024届中考英语专项复习时态和语态.docx

1、被动语态当主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态的构成1. 被动语态的构成形式是：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。现以ask为例，将八种时态的被动语态的肯定式、否定式和疑问式列表如下：肯定式否定式疑问式一般现在时I am asked.He/She is asked.We/You/They are asked .I am not asked.He/She is not asked .We/You/They are not asked .Am I asked .?Is he/she asked .?Are we/y

2、ou/they asked .?一般过去时I/He/She was asked.We/You/They were asked .I/He/She was not asked.We/You/They were not asked .Was I/he/she asked.?Were we/you/they asked .?现在进行时I am being asked.He/She is being asked.We/You/They are being asked .I am not being asked.He/She is not being asked .We/You/They are not

3、 being asked .Am I being asked .?Is he/she being asked .?Are we/you/they being asked .?过去进行时I/He/She was being asked.We/You/They were being asked .I/He/She was not being asked.We/You/They were not being asked .Was I/he/she being asked.?Were we/you/they being asked .?一般将来时I/He/She/We/You/They will be

4、 asked.I/We shall/will be asked .I/He/She/We/You/They will not be asked.I/We shall/will not be asked .Will I/he/she/we/you/they be asked.?Shall/Will I/we be asked.?过去将来时I/He/She/We/You/They would be asked.I/We should/would be asked .I/He/She/We/You/They would not be asked.I/We should/would not be as

5、ked .Would I/he/she/we/you/they be asked.?Should/Would I/we be asked.?现在完成时I/We/You/They have been asked .He/She has been asked.I/We/You/They have not been asked .He/She has not been asked.Have I/we/you/they been asked.?Has he/she been asked.?过去完成时I/He/She/We/You/They had been asked.I/He/She/We/You/

6、They had not been asked.Had I/he/she/we/you/they been asked.?2. 含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词 Teenagers should be allowed to make their own decisions. Your homework must be handed in today. A concert will be held next month. May the trees be planted behind the house.被动语态的用法1. 强调动作的承受

7、者 His spoken English has been improved greatly. They were given a second chance. These letters will be sent to Miss White.2. 当不知道或没必要说明谁是动作的发出者时 Some tents have been put up at the foot of the mountain. A new school is being built here. Air conditioners are widely used in our daily life.3. 当动作的发出者带有较

8、长的修饰语时 The novel was written by a young lady who was disabled because of an accident. The advice was accepted by the students who had difficulty in getting along with others. I have been invited to a house warming party by the new neighbor who came from South Africa. 主动语态转换为被动语态1. 主语+及物动词+宾语v The go

9、vernment take many measures to prevent pollution. Many measures are taken to prevent pollution.v My father fixed up the bike. The bike was fixed up by my father.2. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(1) 主动句中的宾补变为被动句中的主补v We saw him out.He was seen out.v She has kept us waiting for an hour. We have been kept waiting fo

10、r an hour.(2) 主动句中用带to的不定式作宾补，转换为被动句时要加上to（let除外）v Can you make this watch work?Can this watch be made to work?v I heard the boy play the drums. The boy was heard to play the drums.3. 主语+及物动词+直接宾语+间接宾语(1) 这一句型转换成被动句时，直接宾语和间接宾语都可用作被动句的主语v The old man gave us much help.We were given much help by the o

11、ld man. （间接宾语转化成主语）Much help was given to us by the old man. （直接宾语转化成主语）注意： 当直接宾语转化为被动句的主语，间接宾语可以直接位于动词之后，也可以由介词to或for引出。在间接宾语前加“to”，这类动词有：give, offer, lend, pass, promise, tell等；在间接宾语前加“for”，这类动词有：buy, cook, get, make等 v Our teacher taught us English songs.English songs were taught us by our teache

12、r. （直接宾语转化成主语）We were taught English songs by out teacher.（间接宾语转化成主语）(2) 并非所有的间接宾语都可作为被动句的主语v She wrote Miss Green a letter.A letter was written to Miss Green by her.（）Miss Green was written a letter by her.（）(3) 宾语从句不能作为被动句的主语v My friends told me where we were going to meet.I was told where we were

13、 going to meet by my friends.（）Where we going to meet was told me by my friends.（）主动形式表示被动含义1. 在主语是物的句子中，谓语动词是由某些及物动词转化来的比及物动词，如：sell，clean，write，wash等。这些不及物动词的主动形式常表被动含义。v The book sells well.v These clothes wash easily.v My pen writes smoothly.2. “need/require/want+动名词”结构表被动含义。v Your hair needs cu

14、tting.v The plant wants watering every day.v This problem requires discussing in detail.3. “be worth+ 动名词”结构表被动含义v The movie is worth watching.v The book is worth reading again.4. 感官动词作如feel, smell, sound, taste, look等作为系动词时，常表示被动含义。v Silk feels soft and smooth.v These apples smell delicious.v Your

15、idea sounds great.v The cake tastes good.v It looks nice.5. 某些表示“发生（happen, take place, occur）”、“爆发（break out, burst out）”或“传播”的不及物动词。v A war broke out in this country last week.v An accident happened at the first crossing on this street.v The meeting will take place on the morning of Friday.不能变为被动语

16、态的主动句1. 反身代词作宾语时v They enjoyed themselves very much.v He is always talking to himself.2. 当宾语时相互代词时v We should help each other,especially in the times of difficulty.v My grandparents understand one another perfectly. 3. 当宾语前有一个与主语相对应的所有格或物主代词时v He didnt lend his bike to me.v She cried her eyes out.4.

17、 当宾语时行为者某一部分或官感时v The little girl waved her hands to her mother.v He shook his head tiredly.5. 某些表示所有关系或状态的及物动词不能变为被动语态，如：have, possess, cost, benefit, suit等v I have two basketballs and one football.v The book cost me 20 dollars.v My best friend possesses a lot of good qualities.练习：1. -Are you going

18、 to Cindys birthday party tomorrow?-Im not sure. I will go with you if I_. A. will invite B. invite C. will be invitedD. am invited2. Because it_ every day, the floor is very clean. A. cleaned B. will clean C. was cleaned D. is cleaned3. -Dont smoke here, please. Smoking _ in public places.-Oh, sorr

19、y. Ill stop right now.A. isnt allowed B. arent allowed C. doesnt allow D. allow 4. Our new library_last year. We enjoy reading and studying in it.A. buildsB. built C. is built D.was built5. Many houses_by the flood and thousands of people were left homeless.A. damaged B.were damaged C. were damaging

20、 D. are damaged 6.Some students in this school_abroad as exchange students every year.A. sent B. send C. are sent D.sending7. To everyones great surprise, the famous actors story _differently in the newspapers. A. was reportedB. reportedC. was reportingD. reports8. If it rains this weekend, our spor

21、ts meet _. A. is cancelled B. was cancelled C. will be cancelled D. cancelled9. The magazine may_for a week. A. keep B.be kept C.borrow D. be borrowed10. I heard that our new cars _last month.A.were testedB. are tested C. tests D. tested 11. Your application wont_until you complete the survey.A. acc

22、ept B. receive C.be accepted D. be received12. Trees_along the road last year.A. plantB. plantedC. are planted D. were planted13. -Whats wrong with that boy? -He_by a car yesterday.A. is hit B.was hitC. hitD. hits14. An accident_on this road last night.A. has happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened15. These apples_well because they_nice.A. are sold;lookB. sell; lookC. sell; are lookedD. are sold; are looked