Day 19 阅读理解之主旨大意题-2022年暑假新高一【初高中衔接】必备英语知识抢先学(通用版).docx

1、2022年暑假新高一初高中衔接英语知识抢先学(通用版)英语能力篇阅读理解（主旨大意类）高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。在高考阅读理解中，针对短文主旨常见的命题形式如下：(1) What would be the best title for the text? /What is the topic of th

2、e text?(2) The main topic / subject of the passage is _.(3) The main idea/The general idea is/The main theme of this passage is(4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _.(5) What is mainly discussed in the text?(6) What is the main idea of the passage?(7) Whats the main point the

3、writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?(8) The purpose of this passage is.(9) Which of the following statements is best supported by the text?(10) Which of the following best summarized the passage?(11) The passage mainly focuses on.从上述命题形式可以看出，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类，即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题

4、。下面结合高考题实例来具体分析此类题目的解题技巧。怎样理解段落及文章整体的主旨大意主题句定位法文章是由段落组成的。段落是发展一个主题的一群句子，段落围绕着中心思想展开，而段落的中心思想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题是文章要表达的中心思想，文章的主题句通常都有一个话题，它是文章的核心。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。但是由于文章的不同，表现的手法也各有不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我

5、们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法(skimming)，浏览时，一般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。1Gift givers often make serious mistakes in gift selection during the holiday season, according to are search article in Current Dire

6、ctions in Psychological Science.The research, led by Jeff Galak, a professor from Carnegie Mellon University Tepper School of Business, suggests that gift givers tend to focus on the moment of exchange when selecting a gift, while gift receivers are more focused on the long-term value of the gift.“W

7、hat we found was that the giver wants to wow(使喝彩) the receiver and give a gift that can be enjoyed immediately in the moment, while the receiver is more interested in a gift that provides value over time, explained Galak. Put another way, there may be times when the vacuum cleaner(吸尘器), a gift that

8、is unlikely to wow most receivers when they open it on Christmas day, really ought to be at the top of the shopping list as it will be well used and liked for a long time.The researchers found that this different focus on the gifts showed up in a number of different ways. For instance, some gift giv

9、ing mistakes included giving unrequested gifts in an effort to surprise the receiver, when they are likely hoping for a gift from a planned list.The researchers make recommendations for those hoping to choose better gits, advising them to better put their foot in gift receivers shoes when thinking a

10、bout gifts that would be both appreciated and useful.We exchange gifts with the people we care about, in part, in an effort to make them happy and strengthen our relationships with them, Galak added. By considering how valuable gifts might be overtime for receivers rather than how much of a smile it

11、 might put on receivers faces when they are opened, we can meet these goals and provide useful, well-received gifts.1. What do the gift givers usually focus on when choosing gifts?A. Receivers immediate reactions.B. Receivers inner thoughts.C. Receivers long-term needs.D. Receivers lifetime hobbies.

12、2. Why does the author mention the vacuum cleaner in Paragraph 3?A. To give advice on how to ask for a gift.B. To show the influence of the wrong gifts.C. To stress the popularity of the vacuum cleaner.D. To show the importance of a gifts long-term value.3. What can be a suitable title for the text?

13、A. What a good gift shows about personality?B. Why a good gift well worth wows and smiles?C. Prices come first when choosing a GiftD. A good gift calls for practical value2Half of the worlds coral reefs have died in the last 30 years. Now scientists are racing to ensure that the rest will survive. “

14、The threat to coral reefs isnt something thats going to happen 100 years from now. Were losing them right now,” Julia Baum told the Associated Press. She is a marine biologist at the University of Victoria, in British Columbia, Canada. “Were losing them really quickly, much more quickly than I think

15、 any of us ever could have imagined.”Even if global warming were in stop right now, scientists predict that more than 90% of corals will die by 2050. If no major steps are taken to address the issue, the reefs may be headed for total extinction.The planets health depends on the survival of coral ree

16、fs. They are often described as underwater rainforests, because they are ecosystems that provide habitats for one in four of all marine species. In addition, the reefs serve as barriers that protect coastlines from the full force of powerful storms. Corals are used in medical research for cures to d

17、iseases. They are key to local economies, as well, since the reefs attract tourists, the fishing industry, and other businesses, bringing in billions of dollars of revenue (收入).“To lose coral reefs is to fundamentally damage the health of the human race,” Ruth Gates, director of the Hawaii Institute

18、 of Marine Biology, said.Corals are animals that lack a backbone. They live mostly in tropical waters. The corals release a substance called calcium carbonate (碳酸钙), which forms protective skeletons around them. The skeletons grow and take on vivid colors. This is the result of the corals mutually b

19、eneficial relationship with algae (藻类) that live in their tissues (组织) and give them energy.But corals are particularly sensitive to changes in temperature. A rise of just 1 to 2 degrees Celsius can force the corals to drive out the algae. Then the corals skeletons turn white in a process called “bl

20、eaching”. Corals can survive in these higher temperatures only for a few months.4. What can we know about the worlds coral reefs?A. The number of the worlds coral reefs is on the decrease.B. 45% of the worlds coral reefs have died in the last 30 years.C. Global warming has no influence on the worlds

21、 coral reefs.D. Scientists have taken major steps to address the issue of worlds coral reefs.5. Paragraph 4 is mainly about _.A. economic value of coral reefsB. the challenges faced by coral reefsC. the medical functions of coral reefsD. the importance of coral reefs.6. What makes corals take on dif

22、ferent colors?A. Changes in temperature.B. Ocean waters.C. Algae living inside corals.D. Protective skeletons.7. The corals skeletons turn white when _.A. there is not enough oxygen.B. there are no algae in the corals skeletons.C. water pollution is worsening.D. the ocean temperature is too low.3“Do

23、nt tell anyone”. We hear these words when someone tells a secret to us. But it can be hard to keep a secret. We often tend to “spill the beans”, even if we regret it later.According to Asim Shah, professor in the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Baylor College of Medicin

24、e, US, keeping a secret may well “become a burden”. This is because people often have an “obsessive and anxious urge to share it with someone”.An earlier study, led by Anita E. Kelly, a scientist at the University of Notre Dame, US, suggested that keeping a secret could cause stress. People entruste

25、d (受委托的) with secrets can suffer from depression, anxiety, and body aches, reported the Daily Mail.But with secrets so often getting out, why do people share them at all?Shah explained that people often feel that it will help them keep a person as a friend. Another reason people share secrets is gui

26、lt over keeping it from someone close to them. A sense of distrust can develop when people who are close do not share it with each other. “Keeping or sharing secrets often puts people in a position of either gaining or losing the trust of someone,” according to Shah.He added that talkative people co

27、uld let secrets slip out (泄露). But this doesnt mean that it is a good idea only to share secrets with quiet people. A quiet person may be someone who keeps everything inside. To tell such a person a secret may cause them stress, and make them talk about the secret.Shah said that to judge whether to

28、tell someone a secret, youd better put yourself in their position. Think about how you would feel to be told that you mustnt give the information away. Shah also recommended that if you accidentally give up someones secret you should come clean about it. Let the person know that their secret isnt so

29、 secret anymore.8. What does underlined words “spill the beans” mean?A. Cut up beans.B. Burst into laughter.C. Let out the secret.D. Keep the words.9. What did researchers at the University of Notre Dame discover about secret-keeping?A. It can help promote friendships between people.B. It can result

30、 in mental and physical problems.C. It can result in a sense of distrust between friends.D. It can harm relationships between friends.10. What is the main message of Paragraph 5?A. Its not a good idea to share your secrets with others.B. Its better to share your secrets with quiet people.C. Quiet pe

31、ople suffer less stress from keeping secrets.D. Talkative people are unlikely to keep secrets.11. What does Shah suggest people do if they give away someones secret by accident?A. Buy the person a gift as an apology.B. Stay away from the person.C. Exchange a new secret with the person.D. Tell the af

32、fected person what happened.4People from all walks of life tend to become more personal and hide less of themselves when using email. Researchers from Open University in Britain have found in a recent study that there are good reasons for this.The team of researchers asked 83 pairs of students, all

33、strangers to each other, to solve a problem. They had to discuss this question: If only five people in the world could be saved from a world disaster, who should they be? The pairs of students had to talk over the problem either face to face or by computers. Dr. Johnson said, They told their partner

34、s four times as much about themselves when they talked over the Internet as when they talked face to face. When the computers were fitted with cameras so that students could see each other, this limited the personal side of the conversation.Generally the information was not extremely personal. It wa

35、s mainly about things such as where they went to school, or where they used to live. But some students discussed their love stories, and personal childhood experiences.Dr. Johnson believes that emailing encourages people to focus on themselves. And when they do this, they become more open, especiall

36、y if there are no cameras. If you cannot see the other person, it becomes easier to talk about yourself. This is because you are not thinking what the other person is thinking of you. So emailing has become the modern way of talking, said Dr. Johnson. However, this style of talking is not completely

37、 new. In the 19th century people started to use the telegraph to communicate. Now the same kind of thing has happened and people ended up speaking more freely.Dr. Johnson thinks that emailers need to know about these effects of emailing, especially when they start work in a company. If you dont know

38、 about it, you could find yourself saying more about yourself than you wanted to.12. What is the subject discussed in this passage?A. How to communicate using email.B. How to solve a problem using email.C. How people open up when emailing.D. How people do research studies when emailing.13. What is t

39、he reason why some pairs talked freely about themselves?A. They couldnt see each otherB. They didnt talk about very personal thingsC. The cameras on the computers were turned onD. They had to discuss a question14. What does the underlined sentence refer to?A. The telegraph.B. Emailing.C. The compute

40、r.D. Face-to-face talk.15. Which of the following is the Dr. Johnsons opinion?A. We should focus on ourselves when emailing.B. We should talk more freely in emails than usual.C. We should discuss any subject when emailing.D. We should consider how to use email at work.5Motion sickness is an uncomfor

41、table feeling. The sickness it causes can strike people on an airplane, playing video games, or, commonly, when riding in a car. In a future where people may find themselves running around streets in self-driving vehicles, the problems could get worse.We typically sense our physical position and mov

42、ement in the world by relying on our eyes, the feeling we get in our body, and our inner ear. Motion sickness may develop when theres disagreement between what your eyes see and what your inner ear senses. If youre looking at your phone in a moving vehicle, your eyes see a stationary screen but your

43、 inner ear feels that youre moving. The result of that dissonance can cause sickness. The common-sense solution is to just stop looking at your phone, but some of the appeal of self-driving cars is that you could use the time to be productive or entertained by whats on a screen.Researchers of a car-

44、making company and a video game company have been studying ways to address these issues. And their solution uses an interesting medium: sound. The research had two goals: to explore if sound could help relieve motion sickness, and to help people trust self-driving cars more. They experimented with t

45、wo different categories of sound: tips that tell passengers whats about to happen, and noises that alert passengers when the device has noticed something, like a pedestrian.The most convincing experiment took place on a closed airport runway in Sweden, near Gothenburg, in August of last year. On tha

46、t track, brave participants had to ride in the backseat of a car driven by a human and read from a tablet while the car navigated the course. With just 20 people, the study was small, but according to researchers, the presence of sound tips made people report that they felt less ill. Participants sa

47、id the sounds helped prepare them physically, or adjust their bodies for what was about to happen.16. When does motion sickness usually happen?A. Sleeping during travels.B. Closing eyes on vehicles.C. Driving vehicles speedily.D. Riding in moving vehicles.17. What does the underlined word dissonance

48、 in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Confusion.B. Potentiality.C. Randomness.D. Disagreement.18. What is the attitude of the author to the method of sound tips?A. Uncertain.B. Optimistic.C. Concerned.D. Dissatisfaction.19. What is the text mainly about?A. A study of motion sickness.B. Self-driving vehicles.C. A

49、convincing experiment.D. The cause and handling of motion sickness.6While going to the aquarium（水族馆）is a great way to learn about sea animals, some have raised concerns about the animals quality of life. But Edge Innovations, a company in New Zealand, has a very special way to solve the problem. Edg

50、e Innovations is working with American creators of some of Hollywoods most famous animals to develop robot dolphins that look like almost exactly the same as real-life animals.The ocean park industry has had falling interests for over ten years because of ethical（道德的）concerns and the cost of live an

51、imals, yet peoples hunger for learning about and experiencing these animals is still as strong as ever. Developers believe that its time to make a change in this industry and that this method shows humans mercy and brings more interests at the same time. One robot dolphin could cost an aquarium at l

52、east $ 26.3 million. But the robot would be controlled by humans and be able to play with humans as a regular dolphin would. The price at the moment is very high, but Edge Innovations notes that since the robots last longer than a real animal, the returns will be worth the price. The robot dolphin w

53、eighs just about 600 pounds but is amazingly life-like. According to The Guardian, a test audience was actually not able to tell it apart from a real dolphin. As for aquarium visitors, the developers forecast that they wont mind not seeing a real dolphin. For people in New Zealand, for me, I prefer

54、natural animals, said Li Wang, the business developer for Edge Innovations. But when we think about the new generation who spend far more time than us playing electronic games online, we think the robot dolphins will be accepted.”The development of robot animals may be the future of zoos and aquariu

55、ms, making it easier for animal lovers to enjoy nature in a kind way.20. What is Edge Innovations doing?A. Designing robot dolphins.B. Stopping animal shows.C. Improving dolphins living conditions.D. Making Hollywood films about dolphins.21. What is the third paragraph mainly about?A. Why the ocean

56、park industry closes down.B. How the ocean park industry can develop.C. How robot dolphins can succeed.D. Why robot dolphins are created.22. What can we learn about robot dolphins?A. Their price is too high to be accepted.B. They look smaller in size than real ones.C. They save aquariums cost in the

57、 long run.D. They can serve longer than creators thought.23. What may be the best title for the text?A. Robot Dolphins Are ComingB. The Rise and Fall of Robot DolphinsC. The Aquariums Are Facing the Ethical ProblemD. Robot Dolphins Will Bring an End to Ocean Park Industry7While its not impossible fo

58、r birds to fly in the rain, they usually choose not to. You may see birds fly for a few seconds in poor weather, but most of them prefer to stay put on rainy days. Why does rain make it harder for birds to fly? You might imagine that moving through the air while being pelted by raindrops would be pr

59、etty unpleasant. However, its not the rain itself that makes flying difficult. Instead, birds are influenced by the drop in the air pressure that comes with most rainstorms. When pressure drops, the air is less thick, which makes it harder for birds to fly. Moving through the sky in areas of low air

60、 pressure takes a lot of energy.Most birds need to eat several times a dayrain or no rain. Luckily, most birds feathers（羽毛）are highly waterproof（防水的）, protecting the skin beneath. Many birds can also make oil that they can spread over their feathers to further protect themselves from the rain. Most

61、birds dont like rain. In fact, in a 2010 study, a team of researchers studied birds living in a Costa Rican rainforest. They found that the birds had higher levels of stress hormone（应激激素）on rainy days. That may not surprise you. After all, many animals feel stressed out during storms. Pet owners oft

62、en find that rain and thunder make their animals nervous. Some animals are so strongly influenced by nature that they almost seem to forecast the future. No one really knows how many birds die during a storm or series of storms. But the number is certainly higher than usual. They fly into trees or w

63、indows; they get lost over the ocean or a large lake; their food sources are made more difficult to get but, at the same time, they need more food to get warm. However, if rain continues for some time, birds will have to challenge the storm.24. What makes it harder for birds to fly in the rain?A. Th

64、e wet air.B. Food shortage.C. Raindrops.D. The low air pressure.25. What does the underlined word pelted in paragraph 2 mean?A. Cleaned.B. Hit.C. Frightened.D. Protected.26. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?A. Why birds can fly in the rainB. How birds are influenced by rain.C. How birds

65、survive long rainy days.D. Why birds feathers are waterproof.27. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Birds will develop the ability to fly in the rainB. Birds fly only when necessary on rainy days.C. Birds have nowhere to hide in rainstorms.D. Birds need less food on rainy days.8If youre Br

66、itish or live in a Commonwealth nation, Christmas doesnt end on December 25.The day after Christmas is known as Boxing Day, and the relaxing holiday is a chance to allow the celebration for one more restful day.But its name has nothing to do with the sport of boxing, and unlike the popular idea, did

67、 not appear from a need to return unwanted gifts or clean up trash produced by Christmas gifting.There are several theories as to how that charitable tradition became known as boxing.Some historians link the use of the term to boxes of donations that were laid in churches during the pre-Christmas se

68、ason of Advent in the early days of Christianity during the second and third centuries A. D. The day after Christmas, the boxes were opened and the money was given away to the poor.Another possible story for Boxing Day has to do with a tradition that formed in 19th century Victorian England, where s

69、ervants sacrificed（牺牲）time with their own families to cater to their employers on Christmas.On the day after Christmas, employers would give the servants a rare day off and send them home with leftovers from the familys Christmas feast for their service.Though the reasons are lost to history, Boxing

70、 Day charity eventually fell out of tradition-and was replaced with physical and material pleasures.Today, the holiday is linked with sports, with major football rugby, and cricket matches and horse races taking place on December 26.December 26 is also a big shopping day throughout the UK and the Co

71、mmonwealth.The holiday kicks off what is known as Boxing Week , during which retailers（零售商）try to move old stock and shoppers compete for one last bargain of the year.In recent years, though, the American tradition of Black Friday-massive sales that take place the day after Thanksgiving each Novembe

72、r-has become popular in the United Kingdom and has largely overshadowed Boxing Week.28. What kind of festival was Boxing Day probably in the beginning?A. A charitable festival.B. A religious festival.C. A sports festival.D. A business festival.29. What does the underlined part cater to in paragraph

73、4 probably mean?A. Take care of.B. Depend on.C. Put up with.D. Pick up.30. How is Boxing Week going in the United Kingdom recently?A. It has become an online shopping day.B. It has been replaced by Black Friday.C. It only covers popular sports events.D. It has become less important than before.31. W

74、hat is the best title for the text?A. When Did Boxing Day Come into Being?B. Why Did People Celebrate Boxing Day?C. How Is Black Friday Celebrated in the UK?D. Why Is Black Friday Popular in the UK?参考答案1【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出人们在挑选礼物时会犯很多错误，但是选择好的礼物需要重视长期的实用价值。1. 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“What we found was that th

75、e giver wants to wow(使喝彩) the receiver and give a gift that can be enjoyed immediately in the moment”（我们发现，送礼者想让收礼者“惊叹”，送出能立即享受的礼物）可知，在选择礼物时送礼者通常关注收礼者的即时反应。故选A。2. 目的意图题。根据第三段第一句中的“while the receiver is more interested in a gift that provides value over time”（而收礼者更感兴趣的是随时间推移能带来价值的礼物）和最后一句中的“as it wil

76、l be well used and liked for a long time”（因为它会被很好地使用和被喜欢很长时间）可知，作者在第三段提到了吸尘器，以显示礼物的长期价值的重要性。故选D。3. 标题判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“By considering how valuable gifts might be overtime for receivers rather than how much of a smile it might put on receivers faces when they are opened, we can meet these goals and prov

77、ide useful, well-received gifts.”（通过考虑礼物对收礼者来说有多少长期价值，而不是当礼物被打开时可能会让收礼者脸上露出多少笑容，我们可以达到这些目标，提供有用的、受欢迎的礼物。）可知，文章主要是讲选择好的礼物需要重视长期的实用价值。故选D。2【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了珊瑚礁受到全球变暖的威胁，以及人们为使其适应环境做出的努力。4. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Half of the worlds coral reefs have died in the last 30 years.(在过去的30年里，世界上一半的珊瑚礁已经死亡)”和文章第三段“

78、Even if global warming were in stop right now, scientists predict that more than 90% of corals will die by 2050.(即使全球变暖现在停止了，科学家预测，到2050年，超过90%的珊瑚将死亡)”可知，世界上珊瑚礁的数量正在减少。故选A。5. 主旨大意题。根据文章第四段内容“The planets health depends on the survival of coral reefsbringing in billions of dollars of revenue.(地球的健康依赖于

79、珊瑚礁的生存。它们通常被称为水下雨林，因为它们是为四分之一的海洋物种提供栖息地的生态系统。此外，珊瑚礁还可以作为屏障，保护海岸线免受强烈风暴的冲击。珊瑚被用于医学研究以治疗疾病。它们也是当地经济的关键，因为珊瑚礁吸引了游客、捕鱼业和其他行业，带来了数十亿美元的收入)”可知，第四段主要讲述了珊瑚礁的重要性。故选D。6. 细节理解题。根据文章第六段“The corals release a substance called calcium carbonate(碳酸钙), which forms protective skeletons around them. The skeletons grow

80、 and take on vivid colors.(珊瑚会释放一种叫做碳酸钙的物质，在它们周围形成保护性骨架。骨骼生长并呈现出鲜艳的颜色)”可知，保护性骨骼使珊瑚呈现出不同的颜色。故选D。7. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“A rise of just 1 to 2 degrees Celsius can force the corals to drive out the algae. Then the corals skeletons turn white in a process called “bleaching”.(仅仅升高1到2摄氏度就会迫使珊瑚驱赶藻类。然后珊瑚的骨骼会在一个叫做

81、“漂白”的过程中变白)”可知，当珊瑚的骨骼中没有藻类时，珊瑚的骨骼就会变成白色。故选B。3【答案与解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了美国贝勒医学院门宁格精神病学与行为科学系教授阿西姆沙阿表示，保守秘密很可能“成为一种负担”。8. 词句猜测题。根据上文“But it can be hard to keep a secret.(但要保守秘密是很难的)”和下文“even if we regret it later.(即使后来后悔)”可知，划线词所在句子意为：我们经常倾向于“泄漏秘密”。由此可知，“spill the beans”意为“泄露秘密”。故选C。9. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“An earl

82、ier study, led by Anita E. Kelly, a scientist at the University of Notre Dame, US, suggested that keeping a secret could cause stress. People entrusted (受委托的) with secrets can suffer from depression, anxiety, and body aches, reported the Daily Mail.(美国圣母大学科学家Anita E. Kelly领导的一项较早的研究表明，保守秘密会导致压力。据英国每

83、日邮报报道，被托付秘密的人可能会感到沮丧、焦虑和身体疼痛)”可推知，研究人员发现它会导致精神和身体上的问题。故选B。10. 主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“He added that talkative people could let secrets slip out (泄露). But this doesnt mean that it is a good idea only to share secrets with quiet people.(他补充说，健谈的人可能会泄露秘密。但这并不意味着只和安静的人分享秘密是个好主意)”可知，文章第五段主要讲述了和别人分享你的秘密不是个好主意。故选A。1

84、1. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Shah also recommended that if you accidentally give up someones secret you should come clean about it. Let the person know that their secret isnt so secret anymore.(Shah还建议，如果你不小心泄露了某人的秘密，你应该全盘招供。让这个人知道他们的秘密不再是秘密了)”可知，Shah建议人们，如果他们偶然泄露了别人的秘密，应该让受到影响的人得知这一情况。故选D。4【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。人们在使

85、用电子邮件时，更多表达自己想要表达的，很少隐藏自己的私人信息，短文分析了电子邮件使用者这么做的理由。12. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容以及第四段“Dr Johnson believes that emailing encourages people to focus on themselves. And when they do this, they become more open, especially if there are no cameras.(约翰逊博士认为，电子邮件会鼓励人们关注自己。当他们这样做时，它们会变得更加开放，尤其是在没有摄像头的时候)”可知，人们在使用电子邮件时，更多

86、表达自己想要表达的，很少隐藏自己的私人信息，对此短文分析了电子邮件使用者能这么做的理由。所以短文主要讲述人们在发邮件时是如何敞开心扉的。故选C项。13. 细节理解题。根据第二段“They told their partners four times as much about themselves when they talked over the Internet as when they talked face to face. When the computers were fitted with cameras so that students could see each other

87、, this limited the personal side of the conversation.(当他们在网上交谈时，他们告诉搭档关于自己的信息是面对面交谈时的四倍。当电脑上安装了摄像头，学生们可以看到彼此，这就限制了谈话的个人方面。)”可知，一些搭档畅所欲言的原因是他们看不见对方。故选A项。14. 词句猜测题。根据上文 “So emailing has become the modern way of talking.( 因此，电子邮件已经成为一种现代的说话方式。)”和“However, this style of talking is not completely new. In

88、 the 19th century people started to use the telegraph to communicate. (然而，这种谈话方式并不是全新的。“在19世纪，人们开始使用电报来进行交流。)”以及下文“people ended up speaking more freely.（人们最终说话更自由了）”可推断，划线句“现在同样的事情发生了”通过上下文语境可以判断出，指的是“电子邮件”。故选B项。15. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dr. Johnson thinks that emailers need to know about these effects of em

89、ailing, especially when they start work in a company.“If you dont know about it, you could find yourself saying more about yourself than you wanted to.”(约翰逊博士认为，发电子邮件的人需要了解电子邮件的这些影响，尤其是当他们开始在一家公司工作的时候。“如果你不知道，你可能会发现自己说了更多关于自己的话，比你想说的还要多。)由此判断出，在约翰逊博士看来，我们应该考虑一下如何在工作中使用电子邮件。故选D项。5【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了

90、晕动症的病因、症状以及运用声音提示减轻晕动症的实验研究。16. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The sickness it causes can strike people on an airplane, playing video games, or, commonly, when riding in a car.(它引起的疾病可以袭击在飞机上、玩电子游戏的人，或者通常在人们坐车的时候引起人们的不适)”可知，晕动症通常发生在乘坐移动的交通工具的时候。故选D。17. 词句猜测题。根据上文中“If youre looking at your phone in a moving vehicle, y

91、our eyes see a stationary screen but your inner ear feels that youre moving.”可知，你的眼睛看着静止的屏幕，但内耳感觉你在移动，这两者不一致的结果就会导致晕动症。故划线词表示“不一致”。A. Confusion.困惑；B. Potentiality.潜能；C. Randomness.随意；D. Disagreement.不一致。故选D。18. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The most convincing experiment took place on a closed airport runway in Swed

92、en, near Gothenburg, in August of last year.(最有说服力的实验是去年8月在瑞典哥德堡附近一个关闭的机场跑道上进行的)”以及“With just 20 people, the study was small, but according to researchers, the presence of sound tips made people report that they felt less ill. Participants said the sounds helped prepare them physically, or adjust th

93、eir bodies for what was about to happen.(这项研究的参与者只有20人，规模很小，但研究人员称，有声音提示能让人们感觉不那么不舒服。 参与者表示，这些声音有助于他们做好身体准备，或调整身体以应对即将发生的事情)”可推知，作者对声音提示的方法持乐观态度。故选B。19. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Motion sickness is an uncomfortable feeling. The sickness it causes can strike people on an airplane, playing video games, or, commonl

94、y, when riding in a car.(它引起的疾病可以袭击在飞机上、玩电子游戏的人，或者通常在人们坐车的时候引起人们的不适)”结合本文介绍了晕动症的病因、症状以及运用声音提示减轻晕动症的实验研究。故D项“晕动症的成因和处理”最符合文章标题。故选D。6【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新西兰一家Edge Innovations 公司正在和美国的一些公司合作研发制造海豚机器人，来帮助人们了解和体验这些动物。20. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Edge Innovations is working with American creators of some of Hollywoods

95、 most famous animals to develop robot dolphins that look like almost exactly the same as real-life animals.”（Edge Innovations 公司正在与美国一些好莱坞最著名动物的创造者合作，开发看起来几乎和现实生活中的动物一模一样的海豚机器人。）可知，Edge Innovations 公司正在研发制造海豚机器人。选项A与文意一致，故选A。21. 主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句“The ocean park industry has had falling interests for ov

96、er ten years because of ethical（道德的）concerns and the cost of live animals, yet peoples hunger for learning about and experiencing these animals is still as strong as ever.”（十多年来，海洋公园产业的利益因为伦理问题和活体动物的成本而下降，然而人们对了解和体验这些动物的渴望仍然和以往一样强烈。）可以推知，因为人们对了解和体验这些动物的渴望仍然很强烈，考虑到伦理问题和活体动物的成本，所以研发海豚机器人。因而本段主要介绍的是研发海

97、豚机器人的原因。选项D与文意相符，故选D。22. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The price at the moment is very high, but Edge Innovations notes that since the robots last longer than a real animal, the returns will be worth the price.”（目前的价格非常高，但Edge Innovations公司注意到，由于机器人比真正的动物寿命更长，回报也是物有所值的。）可知，从长远来看，海豚机器人是物有所值的。选项C与文意相符，故选C。23. 主旨大意题。根据

98、第二段“Edge Innovations is working with American creators of some of Hollywoods most famous animals to develop robot dolphins that look like almost exactly the same as real-life animals.”（Edge Innovations 公司正在与美国一些好莱坞最著名动物的创造者合作，开发看起来几乎和现实生活中的动物一模一样的海豚机器人。）同时结合下文细节内容描述，可知，本文主要介绍的是EdgeInnovations 公司正在和美

99、国的一些公司合作研发制造海豚机器人，即海豚机器人即将到来。选项A最符合题意，故选A。7【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了鸟儿在雨天不进行飞行的原因。24. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, its not the rain itself that makes flying difficult. Instead, birds are influenced by the drop in the air pressure that comes with most rainstorms. When pressure drops, the air is less thick, which

100、 makes it harder for birds to fly. ”（然而，不是雨水本身让飞行变得困难。相反，鸟类受到大多数暴风雨带来的气压下降的影响。当气压下降时，空气就不那么稠密了，这使得鸟儿更难飞行。）可知，下雨时使鸟儿飞行变难是因为空气气压下降。选项D与文意相符，故选D。25. 词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“You might imagine that moving through the air ”（你可以想象在空中移动）及后文“by raindrops ”（被雨滴），可知，此处指在空中飞行被雨滴淋到，所以划线词的意思为“击中”，选项B符合题意，故选B。26. 主旨大意题。根据第三

101、段第一句“Most birds need to eat several times a dayrain or no rain. Luckily, most birds feathers（羽毛）are highly waterproof（防水的）, protecting the skin beneath.”（大多数鸟类一天需要进食好几次不管下雨或不下雨。幸运的是，大多数鸟类的羽毛是高度防水的，能保护下面的皮肤。）可知，第三段主要讲了为什么鸟儿能在雨中飞翔。故选A。27. 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“No one really knows how many birds die during a

102、 storm or series of storms.”（没有人真正知道有多少鸟在一场风暴或一系列风暴中死亡。）最后一句“However, if rain continues for some time, birds will have to challenge the storm.”（然而，如果雨持续一段时间，鸟类将不得不挑战风暴。）可以推知，只有在必要的情形下，鸟类才会在下雨天飞。选项B.“Birds fly only when necessary on rainy days.”（鸟儿只有必要时才会在雨天飞。）与文意相符，故选B。8【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了节礼日的起源和庆

103、祝活动。28. 细节理解题。根据第三段“There are several theories as to how that charitable tradition became known as boxing. Some historians link the use of the term to boxes of donations that were laid in churches during the pre-Christmas season of Advent in the early days of Christianity during the second and third

104、 centuries A.D. The day after Christmas, the boxes were opened and the money was given away to the poor.”（关于慈善传统如何被称为“boxing”，有几种理论。一些历史学家把这个词的使用与公元二世纪和三世纪基督教早期圣诞节来临前在教堂里摆放的捐款箱联系起来。圣诞节后的第二天，这些捐款箱被打开，钱被分发给穷人）可知Boxing Day最初可能是一个慈善的节日。故选A。29. 词句猜测题。根据第四段“Another possible story for Boxing Day has to do

105、with a tradition that formed in 19th century Victorian England, where servants sacrificed（牺牲）time with their own families to cater to their employers on Christmas.On the day after Christmas, employers would give the servants a rare day off and send them home with leftovers from the familys Christmas

106、 feast for their service.”（节礼日的另一个可能故事与19世纪维多利亚时代的英国形成的一个传统有关，在那里，仆人在圣诞节牺牲与家人在一起的时间来cater to雇主，雇主们会给佣人难得的一天假期，并把他们和家里圣诞大餐的剩菜一起送回家，作为对他们服务的回报）根据画线词语前后意思可知此处指仆人们牺牲了和家人团聚的时间，在圣诞节照顾主人，“cater to”意思是照顾，A. Take care of.照顾；B. Depend on.依靠；C. Put up with.忍受；D. Pick up.捡起。故选A。30. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In recent years,

107、 though, the American tradition of Black Friday-massive sales that take place the day after Thanksgiving each November-has become popular in the United Kingdom and has largely overshadowed Boxing Week.”（然而，近年来，美国的黑色星期五(每年11月感恩节后的第一天)在英国流行起来，在很大程度上盖过了节礼周）可推知近来，英国的节礼周已经不像以前那么重要了。故选D。31. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“There are several theories as to how that charitable tradition became known as boxing.”（关于这种慈善传统是如何被称为“boxing”的，有几种理论）结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了节礼日的起源和庆祝活动。这篇文章最好的题目是“为什么人们要庆祝节礼日?”故选B。