Unit 1 Back to school 语言知识 拓展阅读 话题写作-2023-2024学年高一英语【知识夯基练.docx

1、Unit 1 Back to school （必修第一册）单元整体分析单元主题本单元的主题语境是人与自我，涉及的话题是学校生活。学校生活这一话题，是人与自我主题语境下比较重要的一部分，更是每个学生必经的阶段，也是他们人生中不可或缺的经历。本单元旨在帮助学生适应高中新环境，激发潜力，让他们不畏困难，热爱学校生活。同时教师还要引导学生关注中外学校生活的异同，启发学生理解中外不同教育氛围背后的文化差异。核心素养(1) 语言能力：掌握和运用与常见的学校生活相关的词汇、语法等知识，学习演讲的基本语篇结构和语言特征；(2) 文化意识：比较中外校园生活的异同，关注中外文化的差异，学会尊重和包容文化的多样性；

2、(3) 思维品质：正确认识并能客观评价中外两种教育模式；(4) 学习能力：分享自己的校园生活，能设计一个全新的校园俱乐部并撰写建议信，能制作小册子并加以介绍。第一部分 语言知识问题：本单元有哪些与学校生活相关的核心词汇？这些词汇有多少是课标中必须掌握的？这些词汇学生应该掌握到什么程度？词汇教学该如何与高考对接？活动一 核心词汇请根据句意或所给提示词用适当形式填空。1. Mike found a _ (challenge) job as a computer programmer, which called for more commitment. 2. The lab has recently

3、 been updated to allow for more _ (advance) courses.3. As a citizen, we need to take _ (responsible) for advocating healthy lifestyle and looking after our own health.4. French doctors tend to regard drug _ (dependent) as a form of deep-rooted psychological disorder.5. _ (fortunate), there is little

4、 prospect of seeing these big questions addressed.6. Despite the fact that people took measures to prevent the disease, it has spread at an _ (alarm) rate. 7. Apart from the compulsory exercises, there are also voluntary or_ (option) exercises8. They are likely to respond _ (positive) to the Preside

5、nts request for aid.9. They stopped in their tracks and stared at him in _ (amaze), not knowing what to do.10. Our relationship was on the _ (base) of mutual dependence.答案：1. challenging 2. advanced 3. responsibility 4. dependence 5. Unfortunately 6. alarming 7. optional 8. positively 9. amazement 1

6、0. basis活动二 重点短语问题： 本单元中有哪些重要短语和固定搭配？这些短语和搭配在高考试卷中有什么样的体现？根据句意选择方框中所给短语并用适当形式填空。rise to, make a difference to, take advantage of, in advance, stick to, in exchange for, in detail1. I have confidence in your ability _ your community.2. When you _the challenges, you will have the opportunity to acquir

7、e great knowledge. 3. Ive offered to paint the kitchen _a weeks accommodation.4. We treasure the journey there, _ the hotel facilities.5. The police _ their moral principles and won back public confidence.答案：1. to make a difference to 2. rise to 3. in exchange for 4.taking advantage of 5. stuck to活动

8、三 必备句型问题：本单元有哪些学生必备句型？这些句型该如何梳理出来？又该如何训练学生学会使用这些句型？课文原句(1) 简言之，潜能是你与生俱来的能力，当你足够努力时，潜能就能得到开发。 _(2) 为了充分发挥你们的潜能，对你们来说，充分利用学校的资源是很重要的。 _仿写句子(3) Of equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude.同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能和积极乐观的态度。 仿写：_同样重要的是明确的目标和坚强的意志。(4) This will remind you o

9、f what you are working for and keep you focused.这会提醒你为了什么而努力并且让你精力集中。仿写：_她让我想到过去为你工作的飞行员的妻子。翻译句子(5) 这个科学家在金融领域做出了重要的贡献。 _(6) 最后但同样重要的，你应该努力做一个全面发展的自我。 _答案：(1) Put simply, potential is your natural ability that can be developed when you try hard enough.(2) To fully realize your potential, it is impor

10、tant for you to make the most of our school resources.(3) Of equal importance are clear goals and a strong will.(4) She reminds me of the wife of the pilot who used to work for you.(5) This scientist made important contributions to the financial field .(6) Last but not least, you should make an effo

11、rt to be a well-rounded individual.自选佳句 _ _ _ _活动四 单元语法：句子成分和结构问题：与本单元语法“句子成分和结构”相关的基本特征和语法规则有哪些？句子结构的正确分析对理解语篇的意义何在？1. 基础知识(1) 句子成分：（sentence elements）组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语、补足语、独立成分（感叹词、呼语和插入语）等。构成句子的主体部分是主语和谓语。表语、宾语和补足语是谓语的组成部分。其它成分如定语、同位语、状语等是句子的次要部分。主语：主语表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”

12、。常用的作主语的词类有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词性词组和从句。谓语：谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。由动词或动词短语来充当。宾语：宾语表示动作、行为的对象。有单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语、同源宾语等。双宾语又分为直接宾语和间接宾语。凡是能作主语的词类都可以作宾语。表语：表语与系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质特征。充作表语的可以是名词、介词短语、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、动名词、从句等。定语：定语是用来修饰名词或代词。它常和名词构成名词短语。定语分前置定语和后置定语。可以作定语的词有形容词、代词、数词、名词、副词、介词短语、分词等。状语：状语是用来修饰动词、形容

13、词、副词或句子的一种成分。它可以表示时间、地点、方式、比较、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件和让步等。充当状语的有副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、形容词和名词等。补足语：补足语分为宾语补足语（object complement）和主语补足语（subject complement），是用来说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、不定式等皆可作补足语。句子结构：主语+谓语（S+V）The car stopped. 主语+谓语+宾语（S+V+O）I love you. 主语+谓语+表语（S+V+P）We are Chinese.主语+谓语+状语（S+V

14、+A）He runs quickly. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO)He gives me a book. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+OC） We made him our leader. 主语+谓语+宾语+状语（S+V+O+A）I love you very much. 存现句：引导词there引导的句子There is a park in our town. 2. 根据句意，写出划线部分充当的成份或整个句子结构类型。(1) Sales representatives need to be outgoing._(2) Everybody is wait

15、ing anxiously for the doctor. _(3) Scientists are carrying out experiments to test the effectiveness of the new drug._(4) What he said made us surprised. _(5) All people present at the party were his supporters. _(6) I find running concentrates the mind._(7) When we got there, we found the injured u

16、nconscious and bleeding._(8) Making a good first impression is very important._(9) He excitedly found most of his classmates and teachers friendly and helpful._(10) We had our chemistry class in the science lab._答案：(1) 表语(2) 状语(3) 宾语(4) 主语(5) 定语(6) 谓语(7) 宾语补足语(8) 主系表(9) 主谓宾补(10) 主谓宾状3. 语篇填空Hello, ev

17、eryone! Welcome to senior high school! At senior high school, the path before you leads to a world full of challenges. However, when you rise to them, you will have the opportunity (1)_ (acquire) knowledge and enjoy personal growth, and your time and effort at senior high school will open the door t

18、o your potential.Potential is your natural ability (2)_ can be developed when you try hard enough. The possibilities are endless and I am confident (3)_ your ability to make (4)_ difference to your family, to your community and to your country.To realize your potential, it is important to make good

19、use of our school (5)_ (resource). Good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude are (6)_ (equal) important. As a senior high school student, you (7)_ (suppose) to spare no effort to improve your communication skills and develop critical and (8)_ (independence) thinking. With time going o

20、n, you will find (9)_ (you) growing into a well-rounded individual.Senior high school will help you learn and grow, yet it is only you who (10)_ (be) responsible for realizing your great potential.答案：(1)to acquire(2) that/which(3) about/of (4) a(5) resources (6)equally(7) are supposed (8) independen

21、t(9) yourself(10) are建议1. 梳理和复习与学校生活主题相关的重点词汇、短语，总结这些词汇和短语的用法。2. 认真完成必备句型中的自选佳句，培养对好词好句好段的鉴赏和运用能力；3. 语法复习让学生了解不同成分和句子结构，教师引导学生通过对句子结构的正确分析理解语篇的意义；4. 回归课本，读熟单元中的学校生活的话题语篇，积累与学校生活话题相关的素材。第二部分 拓展阅读问题1. 本单元话题是校园生活，如何通过互文阅读让学生实现自我潜能，了解不同的校园文化、提升学生的思维品质？问题 2. 如何通过语篇阅读，训练学生的解题策略？如词义猜测、主旨大意。活动一 阅读理解A【语篇类型】

22、记叙文【核心素养】 学习能力Leslie Nielsens childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career in acting. Even though he often felt he would be discovered to be a no-

23、talent, he moved forward, gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first television appearance a few years later in 1948. However, becoming a full-time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another eight years until he landed a number of film roles that fina

24、lly got him noticed. But even then, what he had wasnt quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. It wasnt until 1980 32 years into his career that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in

25、Airplane! That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly. Did Nielsen then feel content in his career? Yes and no. He was thrilled to be doing the comedy that he always f

26、elt he should do, but even during his last few years, he always had a sense of curiosity, wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the corner. He never stopped working, never retired. Leslie Nielsens devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career wi

27、th little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life.1. Why did Nielsen want to be an actor?A. He enjoyed watching movies. B. He was eager to earn money.C. He wanted to be like his uncle. D. He felt he wa

28、s good at acting.2. What do we know about Nielsen in the second half of his career?A. He directed some high quality movies.B. He avoided taking on new challenges.C. He focused on playing dramatic roles.D. He became a successful comedy actor.3. What does Nielsens career story tell us?A. Art is long,

29、life is short.B. He who laughs last laughs longest.C. Its never too late to learn.D. Where theres a will theres a way.1. C。 细节理解题。通过文章第一段“his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career in acting. ”可知，Nielsen想当演员的原因是想像他叔叔一样。2. D。细节

30、理解题。通过文章第二段“That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.可知，在Nielsen职业生涯的后半段，他成了一个成功的喜剧演员。3. D。推理判断题。通读全文，再结合文章最后一段“He built a hugely successful career with little more

31、 than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life. 他凭借平凡的努力和决心建立了一个非常成功的事业。他告诉我们，即使是只有一个愿望，永不放弃，也能成就非凡的人生”可推知，Nielsen的职业经历告诉我们：有志者事竟成。B【语篇类型】 记叙文【核心素养】 思维品质Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical co

32、llege student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelors degree. Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her d

33、ad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and

34、brothers pay for their schooling. Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Josephs Hos

35、pital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 6

36、8-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times. Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed (牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my heart was breaking t

37、o have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,” she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and thats pretty powerful. 4. What did Jennifer do afte

38、r high school? A. She helped her dad with his work. B. She ran the family farm on her own. C. She supported herself through college. D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home. 5. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Josephs Hospital in Marshfield? A. To take care of her kids ea

39、sily. B. To learn from the best nurses. C. To save money for her parents. D. To find a well-paid job there. 6. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal? A. Her health. B. Her time with family. C. Her reputation. D. Her chance of promotion. 7. What can we learn from Jenifers story?A. Time is m

40、oney. B. Love breaks down barriers. C. Hard work pays off. D. Education is the key to success. 答案：4. C。 细节理解题。根据第二段的After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成

41、大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。5. A。细节理解题。 根据第三段的She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Misnistry Saint Josephs Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.可知，Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Clai

42、re项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。6. B。 细节理解题。根据最后一段的Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.可知，为了实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。7. C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的Through it all, she remind in good academic standing and graduated with honors.虽然经历了这些，但她一

43、直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业和However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and thats the pretty powerful。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励这是非常强大的。可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立

44、了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到：努力总会有回报。活动二 完形填空【语篇类型】 记叙文【核心素养】 语言能力、思维品质The best and most amazing thing about life is that no matter what happens or how hard it may get, or how useless you feel, stay 1 .All you need to 2 is doing good, even if it may be the smallest thing, like greeting s

45、omeone with a smile. It can 3 someones day, and you will have made the smallest 4 biggest difference to their life. It all starts with your small but sincere smile!I learned patience the hard 5 . I have been trying to rush through life rapidly, always 6 myself to my friends and family and wondering

46、when my life would change. I was too busy trying to speed things up, but things just werent 7 , so I finally gave up. However, when I continued to help people and do little things I could every day to make a difference, life 8 me back. Therefore, keep your 9 realistic, no matter how unjust people ar

47、e towards you. I believe you will be successful, 10 everything has its own special time when everything goes well, and yours is definitely coming. You just need to 11 a little longer.I 12 met someone worth it all, so kind and sweet, always trying to surprise me in the most 13 ways. Now, every day is

48、 something bigger and better, and that 14 is amazing, and then you realize its because of all the good things you keep doing in your life.Even if you have been doing bad things up until now, you can change it all and make it all better. Believe me, it always gets better. Its not easy, but it will. I

49、 know, because I have been 15 with it and I finally feel better.1. A. curiousB. patientC. seriousD. generous2. A. reflect onB. set aboutC. take upD. focus on3. A. speed upB. light upC. brighten upD. turn up4. A. yet B. andC. orD. so5. A. wayB. timeC. pointD. problem6. A. adaptingB. adjustingC. compa

50、ringD. applying7. A. speedingB. changingC. movingD. succeeding8. A. givesB. paysC. getsD. brings9. A. intentionsB. mindsC. hearts D. feelings10. A. ifB. whenC. untilD. because11. A. workB. waitC. operateD. stay12. A. eventuallyB. occasionallyC. abruptlyD. instantly13. A. normalB. unusualC. commonD.

51、unexpected14. A. thoughtB. viewC. feelingD. idea15. A. huntingB. strugglingC. searchingD. exploring答案：1.B。考查形容词，根据下文“I learned patience”可知，无论什么时候，我们都要保持耐心。2. D。考查动词短语。根据语境可知，我们需要把注意力集中在做好事上。reflect on 反思set about开始；take up从事；focus on集中于。3. C。考查动词短语。它可以让一个人高兴一天。根据上文“like greeting someone with a smile

52、”可知，一个微笑会让某人高兴一天。speed up 加速；show up到场；brighten up使快活起来；tum up出现。4. A。考查连词。结合 small but sincere 可知空格处表示“却、然而”。5. A。考查名词。根据下文可知，作者学会耐心的过程很艰难。leam sth.the hard way表示“历经挫折才学会某事”。6. C。考查动词。句意：我一直试图匆忙地处理我的生活，总是把自己和我的朋友和家人比较，想知道我的生活什么时候会改变。adapt改编；adjust适应，调整，调节；compare比较；apply应用。7. C。考查动词。我一直忙着加快进度，但事情没有

53、进展，所以我最终放弃了。speed 快行；exchange交换；move发展，进展；succeed成功。8. B。考查动词短语。然而，当我继续帮助别人，每天做一些我能做到的小事时，生活回报了我。pay back 报答，偿还。9. A。考查名词。句意：因此，无论别人对你有多不公正，你都要使你的目的能够实现。10. D。考查连词。后文解释你会成功的原因，所以用连词 because。11. B。考查动词。根据上文可知，你会成功，你需要的只是多等一会儿。12. A。考查副词。句意：我最终遇到了一个非常值得的人，那么善良和温柔，总是试图用最意想不到的方式给我惊喜。eventually最终；occasio

54、nally偶尔；abruptly突然；instantly立即。13. D。考查形容词。根据“always trying to surprise me”可知，总是出其不意地给作者惊喜。14. C。考查名词。现在，每一天都是更大更美好的事情，那种感觉非常美妙。15. B。考查动词。由语境可知，作者经历过痛苦的斗争，最后感觉好些了。struggle with与斗争。建议1. 指导学生在阅读过程中运用本单元的重点阅读策略Finding topic sentences；2. 引导学生总结归纳所选语篇的大意、写作目的、作者的情感态度；3. 引导学生关注篇章结构、长难句分析、设问方式和信息的加工处理。第三部

55、分 话题写作问题：本单元话题写作重点训练应用文中的人物事物介绍类题型，如何为学生的写作搭建梯架？人物事物介绍类的应用文有什么样的范式？活动一 词块积累1. participate in2. exhausted as we were3. a fantastic experience4. a variety of5. more than pleased活动二 应用文报道上周末，你和同学参加了一次采摘活动。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文，介绍这次活动，内容包括：1. 农场情况；2. 采摘过程；3. 个人感受。注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 题目已为你写好。【设计意图】 让学生了解并掌握人物事物介绍类文章

56、的写作方法。EasyEnglish Is Waiting for You_My weekend【参考范文】My WeekendMy classmates and I participated in the vegetable picking on a farm last weekend, which definitely was an fantastic experience.When we arrived there, we began to take action with the help of the local farmers. There were a variety of veg

57、etables for us to choose from. Some picked hot peppers while others picked tomatoes, eggplants and so on. In the end, all of us not only gained various fresh and tasty fruits, but also had a knowledge of green food.Exhausted as we were, we were more than pleased with this meaningful experience.建议1. 相关词块的积累要在教师的引领下，积累话题素材；2. 建议学生利用上课时间限时完成作文训练，以真正保证写作质量；3. 作文批改可以采用学生自评、同学互评和教师点评等相结合的多样化方式。