Unit 1 Cultural Heritage阅读理解精练-【帮课堂】2023-2024学年高一英语同步学与练（人教版2019必修第二册）.docx

1、Unit 1 Cultural Heritage阅读理解精练（最新名校真题）（2023秋河南郑州高一郑州外国语学校校考阶段练习）Several years ago, Jeremy Clarkson, presenter of the famous BBC television programme Top Gear, discovered that one of his guests was half German and half Irish. Immediately, he said: “Thats quite a strange combination. Its like, this mu

2、st be done absolutely perfectly. tomorrow”.This is a joke about the stereotype (刻板印象) that Germans are efficient and Irish are lazy. Many people could understandably be offended by these kinds of assertions (断言). We do not know every Irish person, so how can we then conclude that every Irish person

3、is lazy?I recently read on a website that Irish business people were described as being generally rather casual and more outwardly friendly than many European countries. German business people, on the other hand, are considered to be very direct and according to the website, they do not need a perso

4、nal relationship in order to do business. Once you hear advice like this, it becomes easier to understand where jokes like the one in the first paragraph come from.So why do some people disagree with the kind of stereotypes as seen in Clarksons joke, but agree when it comes to generalizations (概括)?

5、What is the difference between the two?By definition, a stereotype is a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing. A cultural characteristic, on the other hand, is a pattern of behaviour that is typical of a certain group.So what does this really

6、mean? Stereotypes are simply overstated assumptions about groups of people. Imagine if a tourist visited a small town in Switzerland and saw a number of locals playing the alphorn instrument, and then claimed that Swiss people can play the alphorn. This would be a stereotype! This is an overstated i

7、mage of the Swiss which is based on one tourists experience.If, however, this tourist were to say that the Swiss are very punctual, this could be seen as a cultural characteristic. This is because it is a pattern of behaviour which is very typical in Switzerland: from their transport system to their

8、 business meetings.In this way, some people argue that generalizing another culture is not just useful, but important. Politicians always have to be mindful of the cultural characteristics of different countries. By becoming aware of different cultural characteristics, they can avoid causing offence

9、 in those cultures.However, others argue that generalizing cultures will always lead to offensive stereotypes. They argue that the best thing we can do is to stop generalizing cultures and start treating people as individuals.All this raises important questions: Can making generalizations about grou

10、ps of people be a positive thing? Or should we always avoid making broad assumptions about different groups?1When he said “Its like, this must be done absolutely perfectly. tomorrow”, Jeremy Clarkson really meant _.Athe stereotypes of the Germans and the Irish are not so goodBthe combination of half

11、 German and half Irish is interestingCthe characteristics of the Germans and the Irish are oppositeDthe Germans will do it perfectly tomorrow while the Irish wont.2Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AIts typical of the Swiss to be punctual.BThe Irish people are considered as laz

12、y, direct and casual.CThe Germans are thought to be efficient, friendly and direct.DThe Swiss people can play the alphorn.3Politicians think it important to generalize another culture because _.Athey dont want to offend other peopleBgeneralizing will lead to offensive stereotypesCcultural characteri

13、stics are better than stereotypesDthey should treat people as individuals4The main purpose of this passage is to _.Ashow the importance of making generalizationsBshow it is wrong to play jokes on stereotypes of different peopleCtell us the differences between stereotypes and cultural characteristics

14、Ddiscuss whether it is good to make generalizations about groups of people（2023秋湖北荆门高一钟祥市第一中学校考阶段练习）One day in elementary school, a friend asked me “What are you eating?” as she glanced at my lunchbox. “It smells,” she said, nose crinkled.I was eating bhindi roti, my favorite Indian snack, which my

15、mom had packed for me. But feeling embarrassed for having a “smelly” lunch and wanting to fit in, I quietly shut my lunchbox. That day, I went hungry.Most days after that, lunchtime at school felt like a battle. If I wasnt trying to hide my lunch or sneak quick bites when no one was looking, Id insi

16、st on bringing in the same peanut-butter-and-jelly sandwich as the other kids. My mom, who didnt grow up eating American food, tried her best, but the sandwiches never looked, or tasted, as good as the food I devoured(津津有味地吃) at home.I didnt know that I wasnt alone. Many kids with immigrant parents

17、encounter(遭遇) whats known as “the lunchbox moment” at school: the experience of being judged for bringing in food considered culturally different and so being made to feel like an outsider.For this article, I talked with kids who could relate. But they also surprised me:They dealt with “the lunchbox

18、 moment” differently than I did. For example, Satya Singh, 6, who takes her moms Indian cooking to lunch most days, told me that one day a classmate said that her aloo, or potatoes, looked like poop. Another time, someone said that the dal, or lentils, looked like “throw up”. The next day, Satya bro

19、ught enough dal to share with her entire class and they loved it. From then on, she says, “My teacher at school made a rule: Dont yuck someones yum.”Looking back, I wish Id had the wisdom of Satya and offered my friend a bite of my lunch, or just told her it was delicious especially because now, as

20、an adult, I see that Indian food is universally loved by my friends. Some even try to cook Indian lentils or chickpeas at home! And when Im hungry, guess what? I miss my moms bhindi roti and her care in making it for me. Food is an expression of culture, tradition, family and love. And thats somethi

21、ng to celebrate, not hide.5Why did the writer go hungry one day in elementary school?AShe didnt like her smelly lunch.BHer classmates ate up her bhindi roti.CHer mom didnt prepare lunch for her.DShe skipped her lunch to fit in with others.6What can we infer about the writer according to the passage?

22、AShe enjoyed the lunchtime at school.BHer parents are immigrants from India.CShe liked peanut- butter-and-jelly sandwich best.DShe would bite her bhindi roti quickly when someone was looking.7How did Satya deal with “the lunchbox moment”?AShe threw away her lunch box.BShe asked her teacher to make a

23、 rule.CShe ate American food instead of her moms Indian cooking.DShe brought more Indian cooking to share with her classmates.8What does the author want to tell us?AFood is something to celebrate, not hide.BNever should you yuck someones yum in any case.CIndian food is delicious and universally appr

24、eciated.DThe lunchbox moment is when one can taste different foods.（2022秋广西南宁高一三美学校校考期中）For the British, the home is a private place in which he or she goes to hide away from the troubles of life. It is very seldom that one would be invited to a British persons home. It is rude to knock on a persons

25、 door if you into. Never ask how much the house or any of the items in it costs.To the American, most of them want their home to be a place where they can entertain and share their lives with their friends. They may be glad to show you around their houses. They may also be pleased when you show your

26、 interest and pleasure in their houses.Both British and American people will engage in (参与) quite a bit of chat and a drink or two before the meal is served. After the first mouthful, you should say how delicious the food is and ask something about it. Remember, never eat with your mouth open and ma

27、ke very little noise while eating. It would be nice of you to help your host in any way. Maybe offer to pour some drinks or clear up after the meal.9British people _invite friends to their home.AoftenBalwaysCseldomDnever10If your British friend invites you to his home, _.Ayou can use anything you li

28、keByou can ask how much his house isCyou may ask the cost of the items in itDyou are not free to go wherever you wish11When you show your interest and pleasure in Americans houses, they maybe_.AangryBhappyCsadDworried12Whats the main idea of the text?ADifferences between British and American home.BD

29、ifferences between British and American table manners.CDevelopment of table manners of British and the United States.DSome manners on visiting British and American peoples home.（2023全国高一专题练习）The cultures of the East and the West are really different from each other a lot. This is because the culture

30、 systems are two separate ones on the whole.The origin (起源) of the Eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers-the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their

31、 own styles.When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was up on the Mesopotamian Plainthe Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well known as the base of the E

32、uropean culture. Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with the mover the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesnt have much difference from the European culture.At the same time, some other differences

33、add to the cultural differences. Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic (象形文字的) language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race differences count as well. But whats more, due to the far dist

34、ance and the steep areas between the East and the west, the two cultures seldom communicated until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference (干预) from the other.The differences are everywhere. They are obvious and make peoples ways of thinking and their

35、views of the world different. But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful. The cultural difference should not be the obstacle (障碍) to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the driving force of our going farther.13What does the underlined word “civilization” mean in

36、paragraph 3?AA particular ability or type of ability.BA society with its culture and its way of life.CThe process of teaching, training and learning.DThe art of planning, designing, and constructing buildings.14Why did the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries?APeople ate different

37、kinds of food.BThere were two language systems.CThe East and the West are too far away.DPeoples habits and traditions are not similar.15What is the.last paragraph mainly about?ABenefits of cultural differences.BDisadvantages of cultural differences.CDriving force of peoples going farther.DWaves to m

38、ake the world more colorful.16What can be the best title for the text?AWhat causes different life between East and WestBWhat causes diet differences between East and WestCWhat causes different views between East and WestDWhat causes cultural differences between East and West（2023秋辽宁高一辽河油田第二高级中学校考期末）

39、My name is Jack. When my family moved to America, we brought not only our luggage, but also our rules, customs and culture in China. One of the rules is that young people should always respect the elders. Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment(尴尬) in the United States.I had a part-t

40、ime job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant. One day, when I was serving food to a middle-aged couple, the wife asked me how the food could be served so quickly. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. As soon as I said that, she looked very

41、unhappy. My manager gave me a long lecture about how Americans dislike the word “old”. I then walked back and apologized to the lady.In my hometown in China, people are proud of being old. Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and e

42、xperience. Young people always respect older people because they know they can learn from their rich experience.However, in the United States, “old” means that a person is going to retire(退休). Here many people try to keep themselves from growing old by doing exercises. When I told the couple in the

43、restaurant that I respect the elderly, they got angry because this caused them to feel they had failed to stay young.After that, I changed the way I had been with older people. It is not that I dont respect them any more; I still respect them, but now I dont show my feelings through words.17Why did

44、Jack serve the couple their food very fast?AHe wanted more pay.BHe respected the elderly.CHe was asked to do so.DHe was a hard-working waiter.18What do we know about Jacks hometown from the passage?APeople there are proud of being old.BPeople there dislike being called “old”.CNo people there reach t

45、he age of seventy or eighty.DYoung people there show little respect to the older.19What did Jack do after this experience?AHe made friends with the couple.BHe lost his job in the restaurant.CHe no longer respected the elderly.DHe changed his way with older people.20We can know from the passage that

46、_.Athe couple disliked fast service at all.Bthe manager apologized to the couple.CJack wanted to show his feelings through words.DJack knew more about American culture than before.（2023秋山东枣庄高一枣庄市第三中学校考阶段练习）There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual le

47、vel, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our families often becomes the comfort food we seek as a

48、dults in times of frustration and stress.On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of cultural identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride in their culture and means of coping with homesickness.Many immigrant

49、s open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavour can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally,

50、immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes in the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavours that still keep the cultural significa

51、nce of the dishes.We should not only embrace our heritage (传统) through our cultures food, but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it

52、. Food is a window on culture, and it should be treated as such.21Whats the function of food mentioned in the text?ATo help motivate homesickness.BTo show cultural identity.CTo reflect a countrys history.DTo show a communitys superiority.22What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A

53、The specific traditional food.BThe national culture.CA traditional expression of food.DThe old-fashioned taste.23Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurants?ATo attach cultural importance to their dishes.BTo announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.CTo

54、make the dishes popular among customers.DTo present their own food culture in a new way.24Whats the authors attitude towards different food cultures?ANegative.BBalanced.CUnfair.DUnchangeable.（2022秋广东揭阳高一统考阶段练习）Did you know that all human beings have a “comfort zone” regulating the distance they stan

55、d from someone when they talk? This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures.Greeks, some of the Eastern Mediterranean, and many of those from South America normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a con

56、versation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 21 inches apart. In much of Asia and Africa, theres even more space between two speakers in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an aim of digni

57、ty and respect. This matter of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe.This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the extent to which they lean over one another in conversation, how they more as they argue or make an emphatic point. In

58、the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator, in Paris they take it as it comes!Although North Americans have a relatively wide “comfort zone” for talking, they communicate a great deal with their hands - not only with gesture but also with touch.

59、They put a sympathetic hand on a persons shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling, or an arm him in sympathy; they pat an arm in reassurance (放心) or stroke a childs head in fondness; they readily take someones arm to help him across a street or direct him along an unfamiliar route. To many people e

60、specially those from Asia or the Moslem (穆斯林) countries - such bodily contact is unwelcome, especially if done with the left hand. The left hand carries no special significance in the US. Many Americans are simple left and use that hand more.25What would most probably happen when a Greek meets a Nor

61、th American?AThe Greek keeps 12 inches apart from the North American.BThe Greek can keep comfortable distance with the North American.CThe North American accepts the Greek distance when they become friends.DThe North American keeps backing away while the Greek keeps moving closer.26Which of the foll

62、owing statements is true about the people in the United States?AThey tend to keep the bodily space unconsciously.BTheir sense of distance has nothing to do with dignity or respect.CThey avoid any bodily contact in communicating.DTheir communication cannot be carried out without hand gesture.27It can

63、 be inferred from the passage that the Frenchmen prefer _.Ato move closer when they communicateBto use more body language to interact with othersCto sit farther apart when they talk in a large roomDto have physical contact in a crowded elevator28Touching with the left hand is regarded as _ in the Mo

64、slem countries.Aa meaningless gestureBan offensive actCa sincere greetingDan incomprehensible joke（2022春高一单元测试）Cultural differences do exist, and we can really use them to tighten our relationship as human beings. Because there is strength in diversity. So, we are going to expose some interesting cu

65、ltural differences around the world in this article. Read some interesting cultures around the world to help you travel out of your homeland!In Greece spitting (吐痰) at weddings is believed to drive away devil (恶魔). Funny as it sounds, this cultural tradition is an important practice. To make it even

66、 more shocking, this spitting is focused on the bride. It is seen as good luck to bless the couple. However, Things have been changed in some parts of Greece these days. Wedding guests just face the bride and make sounds and impressions that show they are spitting on herwithout actually spitting. Ev

67、erybody knows the Thai people are so friendly, but their culture demands that you never point your feet at anyone of any statue, especially that of the Buddha. In addition, they also consider the head to be more important than other parts of the body. This is why it is disrespectful to touch another

68、 persons head in Thailand. Statues are not left out. If you see the Buddha statue, avoid touching its head as well. Russians are very hospitable (好客的) people. In their culture food is serious business. Lunch is the most important and heaviest meal. If you get invited by your Russian friend for a mea

69、l, dont ever refuse it-they find it impolite. You might want to skip your own meals to leave space in your stomach for the food you will eat in Russian gatherings. This is very interesting cultural difference between Russian people and other nations. Since there is limited knowledge about cultures o

70、utside your own, you wont be able to really flow with a foreigner. Now, you know some about the cultural differences around the world, so we hope it will make your life easier.29Why do Greek spit at wedding?ATo add fun to the wedding.BTo send wishes to the couple.CTo celebrate the new wedding.DTo dr

71、ive away bad luck and bless the couple.30What should be avoided if you are in Thailand?AEating too much food for a meal.BTouching your head in your home.CPointing your feet before the Buddha.DSpiting in your best friends wedding.31What can we learn from paragraph four?AWe should accept their meals i

72、n Russia.BWe need to eat as little as we can in Russia.CWe can refuse the food Russian people give.DWe should not arrive late for a meal in Russia.32Which of the following is the best title for the passage?ABeautiful tourist attractions in the worldBThe most delicious food in different countriesCInt

73、eresting wedding traditions in Asian nationsDSurprising cultural differences around the world（2022秋高一单元测试）Traveling to China is the dream of many people but it is important to be aware that the Chinese culture is different from Western cultures. So before arriving in China, make sure that you unders

74、tand the Chinese traditions.The eldest comes firstIn China, it is a big deal to respect the eldest one in the family. The Chinese have a great respect for their parents and grandparents. So if you are introduced to someone in a place full of people, always address the oldest person first, and do the

75、 same when you are leaving.The host pays the billIf you are invited to a restaurant by your Chinese friends, be prepared to eat and drink for free. And if you invite them, also be ready to pay all the bill on your own. And it is not polite if you dont offer to pay it in full if you are the host.Be a

76、ware of the chopsticks rulesBelieve it or not, there are several traditions and rules involving chopsticks in China. So never stick them straight up to your rice, never drum (敲打) them, or have them in your hands while making a gesture.Check if your gift isnt on the bad-luck listIf you are offering a

77、 gift to a Chinese friend, be aware that there are many items considered to bring bad luck to them, such as clocks, umbrellas, scissors and knives. Presents should be given with both hands and never be wrapped in white.33Who is the most respected in social life in China?AA millionaire.BA senior citi

78、zen.CA wise man.DA powerful leader.34Which of the following is considered polite in China?AMaking a gesture by using chopsticks.BOpening the gift as soon as you receive it.COffering to pay the meal in full if you are the host.DPaying for the bill when you are invited to a dinner.35Who are the potent

79、ial target readers of the text?ARestaurant staff.BThe assistants in the gift stores.CThe hosts of a party.DExchange students to China.参考答案：1C 2A 3A 4D【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要以“是否要对民族特性或群体特性作概括”为话题进行了讨论，由于文化不同，习俗习惯的不同，不同的国家的人总是有其独特之处，而这些独特之处需要给与尊重。一方面，了解不同民族国家的文化特点有助于政治家们的国家交往，另一方面，对一个群体进行共性概括可能会造成令人不快的刻板印象。

80、1词义猜测题。根据第二段内容“This is a joke about the stereotype that Germans are efficient and Irish are lazy.(这是一个关于德国人效率高而爱尔兰人懒惰的刻板印象的笑话。)”可知，大家对于德国人的印象是“高效率”，对于爱尔兰人的印象是“懒惰”，因此，当一个他的一位嘉宾有一半德国血统，一半爱尔兰血统，基于对于这两国家人的刻板印象，他说出了“Thats quite a strange combination. Its like, this must be done absolutely perfectly. tomo

81、rrow(这真是个奇怪的组合。就像，这必须做得绝对完美明天)”这样的话，用“absolutely perfectly”对应德国人的“高效率”，用“tomorrow”对应爱尔兰人的“懒惰”，这是一个矛盾的奇怪的结合。因此可知，他想真正表达的是“德国人和爱尔兰人的特点正好相反”。故选C项。2细节理解题。根据文章第七段内容“If, however, this tourist were to say that the Swiss are very punctual, this could be seen as a cultural characteristic. This is because it

82、is a pattern of behaviour which is very typical in Switzerland: from their transport system to their business meetings.(然而，如果这位游客说瑞士人非常守时，这可以被看作是一种文化特征。这是因为这是瑞士非常典型的一种行为模式：从他们的交通系统到商务会议。)”可知，守时是瑞士人典型的文化特征。故选A项。3细节理解题。根据文章第八段内容“By becoming aware of different cultural characteristics, they can avoid c

83、ausing offence in those cultures.(通过了解不同的文化特征，他们可以避免在这些文化中造成冒犯。)”可知，通过了解不同国家的文化特点，政治家们可以避免冒犯别人。故选A项。4推理判断题。通过阅读文章内容可作，文章首段用一个笑话抛出了关键词“the stereotype (刻板印象) ”，并在后文用举例的方式讲述了其普遍存在性，其带来的沟通交往方面的意义，尤其通过文章末尾段内容“All this raises important questions: Can making generalizations about groups of people be a posi

84、tive thing? Or should we always avoid making broad assumptions about different groups?(所有这些都提出了一个重要的问题：对一群人进行概括是一件积极的事情吗？还是我们应该一直避免对不同的群体做出宽泛的假设？)”进行了主旨总结，即，文章主要讨论了是否需要民族性或群体性文化概括，是积极的还是令人不愉快的。因此可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是讨论对群体进行概括是否有益。故选D项。5D 6B 7D 8A【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章从作者亲身经历讲到移民家庭孩子在学校吃自带午餐（印度菜）的困境，然后讲到Satya Singh

85、怎么积极应对午餐时刻，最后指出食物是用来庆祝的，不是用来隐藏的。5细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But feeling embarrassed for having a smelly lunch and wanting to fit in, I quietly shut my lunchbox. That day, I went hungry.(但我为吃了一顿有味道的午餐而感到尴尬，并想融入其中，我悄悄地合上了午餐盒。那天，我挨饿了)”可知，作者是因为没有吃午餐而挨饿的。故选D。6推理判断题。根据文章第四段“I didnt know that I wasnt alone. Many kids w

86、ith immigrant parents encounter(遭遇) whats known as the lunchbox moment at school(我不知道不是我一个人这样。许多移民家庭的孩子在学校会遇到所谓的午餐盒时刻)”可知，作者也是移民家庭的孩子。故选B。7细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“The next day, Satya brought enough dal to share with her entire class and they loved it.(第二天，Satya带了足够的扁豆和全班同学分享他们都很喜欢)”可知，Satya带来了更多的印度菜和同学们分享。故

87、选D。8推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“Food is an expression of culture, tradition, family and love. And that s something to celebrate, not hide.(食物是文化、传统、家庭和爱的表达。这是用来庆祝的，而不是用来隐藏的)”可知，文章从作者亲身经历讲到移民家庭孩子在学校吃自带午餐（印度菜）的困境，然后讲到Satya Singh怎么积极应对午餐时刻，最后点题，食物是用来庆祝的，不是用来隐藏的。故选A。9C 10D 11B 12D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文字主要介绍了英国人和美国人家里做

88、客的一些礼仪。9细节理解题。根据第一段的“It is very seldom that one would be invited to a British persons home.(很少有人会被邀请到英国人家里做客)”可知，英国人很少邀请朋友到家里做客。故选C。10推理判断题。根据第一段的“For the British, the home is a private place in which he or she goes to hide away from the troubles of life.(对英国人来说，家是一个私人的地方，是他们躲避生活烦恼的地方)”和“Never ask h

89、ow much the house or any of the items in it costs.(永远不要问房子或房子里的任何东西花了多少钱)”可知，英国人的房子对他们来说是很私人的。由此推知，如果你的英国朋友邀请你去他家，你不能自由地去任何你想去的地方。故选D。11细节理解题。根据第二段的“They may also be pleased when you show your interest and pleasure in their houses.(当你对他们的房子表现出兴趣和愉快时，他们也会很高兴)”可知，当你对美国人的房子表现出兴趣和愉快时，他们可能会很高兴，故选B。12主旨大意

90、题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“It is rude to knock on a persons door if you into. Never ask how much the house or any of the items in it costs.(敲别人的门是不礼貌的。永远不要问房子或房子里的任何东西花了多少钱)”，第二段的“They may be glad to show you around their houses. They may also be pleased when you show your interest and pleasure in their houses.

91、(他们可能很乐意带你参观他们的房子。当你对他们的房子表现出兴趣和愉快时，他们也会很高兴)”和最后一段的“Both British and American people will engage in (参与) quite a bit of chat and a drink or two before the meal is served.(英国人和美国人在上菜前都会聊上几句，喝上一两杯)”可知，本文主要介绍了英国人和美国人家里做客的一些礼仪。故选D。13B 14C 15A 16D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了东西方文化的不同是因为文化系统在整体上是两个独立的系统。东方文化源自于中国和印度，

92、而西方文化源自于古希腊罗马。语言等也造就了文化差异。13词句猜测题。根据指代关系和第三段“When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was up on the Mesopotamian Plain the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.(在这两条母亲河孕育东方文化的同

93、时，另一种著名的文化也在两河平原上兴起两河文明。这种civilization后来发展成为古希腊和古罗马文化)”中“This”可知，“This civilization”即上文所述在两河平原上兴起的两河文明。结合常识可知，两河文明是两河流域孕育的人类文明，即一个有自己文化和生活方式的社会。故选B项。14细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But whats more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the west, the two cultures seldom communicated until

94、recent centuries.(但更重要的是，由于东西方之间的距离遥远和陡峭的地区，两种文化直到最近几个世纪才有很少的交流)”可知，因为东方和西方太远了，所以直到最近几个世纪才有很少的交流。故选C项。15主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The differences are everywhere. They are obvious and make peoples ways of thinking and their views of the world different. But different cultures make the world of 21st century more c

95、olorful. The cultural difference should not be the obstacle to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the driving force of our going farther.(差异无处不在。它们是显而易见的，并使人们的思维方式和他们对世界的看法不同。但是不同的文化使21世纪的世界更加丰富多彩。文化差异不应成为人类文明的障碍。它应该成为我们走得更远的动力)”可知，最后一段主要讲文化差异的好处。故选A项。16主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The cultures of the

96、East and the West are really different from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate ones on the whole.(东方和西方的文化真的有很大的不同。这是因为文化系统在整体上是两个独立的系统)”以及倒数第二段中“At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences.(与此同时，一些其他的差异增加了文化差异)”可知，本文主要讲是什么导致了东方和西方的文化有

97、不同，所以D项“What causes cultural differences between East and West(是什么导致了东西方的文化差异)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。17B 18A 19D 20D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在美国的经历：作者一家人搬家到美国，也带着中国的美德到了美国：年轻人应该永远尊敬长者。然而，不幸的是，这却导致了作者在美国的第一次尴尬。17细节理解题。根据第二段中“I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the e

98、lderly. ”（我告诉她，我已经确保他们尽快得到食物，因为我一直尊重老人。）可知，作者给这对夫妇提供食物迅速，是因为作者尊重老人。故选B。18细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“In my hometown in China, people are proud of being old. ”（在我的中国家乡，人们以老为荣。）可知，在作者的中国的家乡，人们以老为荣。故选A。19细节理解题。根据最后一段“After that, I changed the way I had been with older people. ”（从那以后，我改变了和老年人相处的方式。）可知，在这次经历后，作者改变了他对

99、待老人的方式。故选D。20推理判断题。根据最后一段“After that, I changed the way I had been with older people. It is not that I dont respect them any more; I still respect them, but now I dont show my feelings through words.”（从那以后，我改变了和老年人相处的方式。这并不是说我不再尊重他们了，我仍然尊重他们，但是现在我不再通过语言来表达我的感情了。）可推知，通过作者的做兼职的那次经历，作者对美国人们的价值观和文化了解的更多

100、了。故选D。21B 22A 23C 24B【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了传统食物是文化的重要组成部分，每一道菜都是了解文化的一扇窗户。21细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It also operates as an expression of cultural identity.”（它也是一种文化身份的表达。）可知，食物可以展示文化身份。故选B项。22词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of cul

101、tural identity.”（在很大程度上，传统食物是文化的重要组成部分。它也是一种文化身份的表达。）可知在讲述传统食物；本句“Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride in their culture and means of coping with homesickness.”（移民走到哪里都会带着it，它是他们文化自豪的象征，也是应对乡愁的手段。）分析可知本句也是在讲述传统食物，说它是文化自豪的象征，是应对乡愁的手段，与前面说的它是文化的组成部分，是文化身份的表达这种说法相呼应，故划线单词it代

102、指的就是前面提到的“传统食物”。故选A项。23细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes in the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers.”（此外，移民不仅向与他们来自同一国家的人出售菜肴，

103、而且向来自不同国家的人出售菜肴。因此，他们不得不在原有菜品上做些小改动，以迎合更广泛的顾客。）可知，移民们改进他们餐馆里原有的菜肴是为了迎合更多来自不同国家的顾客。故选C项。24推理判断题。根据最后一段“We should not only embrace our heritage (传统) through our cultures food, but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a spec

104、ial place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window on culture, and it should be treated as such.”（我们不仅应该通过我们的文化食物来接受我们的传统，还应该通过尝试他们的食物来更多地了解其他文化。 重要的是要记住每道菜在它所属的文化中都有一个特殊的位置，并且对那些准备它的人来说是特别的。食物是文化的窗口，应该这样对待。）可知，作者认为我们应该通过传统食物来欣然接受我们的文化传统，并且要通过品尝其他的

105、食物来了解其他文化。所以作者对于食物文化的态度是客观公正的，并没有带有个人感情色彩去偏向哪一方的文化。故选B项。25D 26A 27A 28B【解析】25推理判断题。根据第二段“Greeks,someoftheEasternMediterranean,andmanyofthosefromSouthAmericanormallystandquiteclosetogetherwhentheytalk,oftenmovingtheirfacesevencloserastheywarmupinaconversation.NorthAmericansfindthisawkwardandoftenback

106、awayafewinches.( 希腊人、一些东地中海人以及许多来自南美洲的人在交谈时通常站得很近，在谈话热身时，他们的脸往往会更近。北美人觉得这很尴尬，通常会后退几英寸)”可知，希腊人和北美人相遇时，最有可能发生的是北美洲人不断后退，而希腊人则不断靠近。故选D。26推理判断题。文章第二段“North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 21 inches apart.(

107、北美人觉得这很尴尬，经常会后退几英寸。研究发现，他们在相距约21英寸时感觉最舒适)”可知，关于美国人民，他们倾向于无意识地保持身体空间。故选项A。27推理判断题。根据第三段“Thisdifferenceappliesalsototheclosenesswithwhichpeoplesittogether,theextenttowhichtheyleanoveroneanotherinconversation,howtheymoveastheyargueormakeanemphatic point.( 这种差异也适用于人们坐在一起的亲密程度、交谈中相互倚靠的程度、争论或强调要点时的动作方式)”可

108、知，从这段文章可以推断，法国人更喜欢当他们交流的时候，靠近一点。故选A。28细节理解题。根据最后一段“Tomanypeople especiallythosefromAsiaortheMuslimcountriessuchbodilycontactisunwelcome,especiallyifdonewiththelefthand.( 对许多人来说，尤其是来自亚洲或穆斯林国家的人来说，这种身体接触是不受欢迎的，尤其是用左手接触)”可知，在穆斯林国家，用左手触摸被认为是一种不受欢迎的冒犯行为。故选B。29D 30C 31A 32D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界各地一些令人惊讶的文化

109、差异。29细节理解题。根据第二段中“In Greece spitting (吐痰) at weddings is believed to drive away devil (恶魔).It is seen as good luck to bless the couple.(在希腊，人们相信在婚礼上吐痰可以驱魔.它被视为好运，是对这对夫妇的祝福。)”可知，在希腊，人们在婚礼上吐痰，这是因为人们认为这可以驱魔，赶走霉运，并且是对这对新婚夫妇的祝福。故选D。30细节理解题。根据第三段中“Everybody knows the Thai people are so friendly, but their

110、 culture demands that you never point your feet at anyone of any statue, especially that of the Buddha.(每个人都知道泰国人很友好，但他们的文化要求你永远不要把脚指向任何雕像，尤其是佛像。)”可知，在泰国，你要避免把你的脚指向佛像，故选C。31细节理解题。根据第四段中“If you get invited by your Russian friend for a meal, dont ever refuse it-they find it impolite.(如果你的俄罗斯朋友邀请你吃饭，千万

111、不要拒绝他们会觉得这样不礼貌。)”可知，在俄罗斯，如果朋友邀请我们吃饭，我们应该接受，故选A。32主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“So, we are going to expose some interesting cultural differences around the world in this article. Read some interesting cultures around the world to help you travel out of your homeland!(因此，我们将在这篇文章中揭示世界各地一些有趣的文化差异。阅读一些世界各地有趣的文化，帮助

112、你走出你的家乡！)”可知，文章主要介绍了世界各地一些令人惊讶的文化差异，所以文章最好的标题是D项“Surprising cultural differences around the world(世界各地令人惊讶的文化差异)”，故选D。33B 34C 35D【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了一些中国的传统文化。33细节理解题。根据第二段的“In China, it is a big deal to respect the eldest one in the family.( 在中国，尊重家庭中的最年长的人是件大事。)”可知，在中国社会，最受尊重的是老年人。故选B。34细节理解题。根据第三段的“And

113、 it is not polite if you dont offer to pay it in full if you are the host.( 如果你是主人，如果你不主动全额支付，是不礼貌的。)”可知，如果你是主人，吃饭时全额付款是礼貌的。故选C。35推理判断题。根据第一段的“Traveling to China is the dream of many people but it is important to be aware that the Chinese culture is different from Western cultures. So before arriving in China, make sure that you understand the Chinese traditions.( 到中国旅游是许多人的梦想，但重要的是要知道中国文化不同于西方文化。所以在来中国之前，一定要了解中国的传统。)”可知，文章是写给来中国旅行的外国人的，因此推断来中国的交换生是潜在的目标读者。故选D。