Unit 1 Nature in the balance 2020-2021学年【新教材】牛津译林版（2020）高中英语必修第三册讲义（上）.docx

1、M3U1 Nature in the balance Il 课前导入-美文欣赏China to introduce forest chief scheme nationwideTrees cover a hillside in Wuqi, Shaanxi province, the first county involved in the Conversion of Cropland to Forest and Grassland Program, in last June.BEIJING - China has issued a guideline to implement a forest

2、 chief scheme nationwide amid the countrys continuous efforts to protect forests and grasslands.It was issued by the general offices of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council and urged that the forest chief scheme will be rolled out nationwide by June 2022.General fores

3、t chiefs should be appointed in all provincial-level regions, said the guideline. It clarified all levels of forest chiefs responsibilities in protecting forest and grassland resources.Under the scheme, China will strengthen ecological protection and restoration of forests and grasslands, promote la

4、rge-scale afforestation, and enhance monitoring and supervision for forest and grassland resources by utilizing modern information technologies.Efforts will also encourage the prevention and control of harmful pests and plant diseases, as well as natural disasters such as fires.China started trials

5、of the forest chief scheme in 2017, and so far up to 23 provincial regions, including Anhui, Jiangxi and Chongqing, have already carried out the trial program, providing the foundation for nationwide implementation.Nationwide implementation of the forest chief scheme is a key step in enhancing local

6、 responsibilities in ecological protection, said Guan Zhiou, head of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration.Indicators measuring the performance of forest chiefs will include forest coverage, forest stock volume, comprehensive vegetation coverage of grassland and the area of desertified

7、land restored, while specific targets will be tailored in accordance with local conditions, according to Guan.He said he believes nationwide implementation of the scheme will help pool resources and strength to enhance the protection of Chinas forest and grassland resources.l 课中讲解I. 根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词

8、1 harm n. & vt. 伤害，损害harmful adj. 有害的，导致损害的harmless adj. 无害的；无恶意的2 vary vi. 改变，变化variety n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体various adj. 各种不同的，各种各样的3 survive vi. 生存，存活；vt. 幸存，幸免于难survivor n. 生还者，幸存者survival n. 生存，幸存4 produce vt. 生产production n. 产量；生产product n. 产品productive adj. 多产的5 extinct adj. 已灭绝的extinction n.

9、灭绝，绝种6 disappear vi. 消亡；消失，失踪；灭绝disappearance n. 消失；灭绝appear vi. 出现appearance n. 出现；露面；外貌，外观7 agriculture n. 农业，农学agricultural adj. 农业的II. 根据提示补全下列短语1. on account of . =due to . 由于，因为2. take ones revenge on sb. 报复某人，向某人复仇3. do harm to . 对造成伤害4. sound the alarm 发出警报5. be home to . 是的家园/栖息地6. a wide r

10、ange of ./ a wide variety of . 各种各样的7. judge from . 根据判断8. be alive with . 充满，到处都是（活的或动的东西）9. play a significant role in . 在中充当重要角色/起重要作用10. maintain a balance between A and B 在A与B间保持平衡11. with an area of . 占地12. a mass of ./ masses of . 大量的13. be made up of . 由构成（=consist of .）14. feed on . 以为食15.

11、in turn 转而，相应地，因此；轮流，依次16. break down （使）分解；（机器或车辆）出故障，坏掉；（谈判、关系、合作等）失败，破裂；（健康或精神等）崩溃，垮掉17. breathe life into . 给带来起色，注入活力18. build up 逐渐增加，扩大；增强，提高19. For one thing, . For another thing, . 一方面， 另一方面，20. take in 欺骗，使上当；摄入，吸收；理解，领会III. 重点知识点解析 harm n. U（可用no, great, much, a lot of修饰）伤害，损害 vt. 伤害，损害(教

12、材P1) The human race has done much harm. 人类已经造成了很多危害。【用法详解】do harm to sb./sth. =do sb./sth. harm 对某人/某物有害 mean no harm (to sb.) （对某人）无恶意 There is no harm in (sbs) doing sth./ It does no harm (for sb.) to do sth. 做某事没有什么坏处。 harm sth. 损害某物（指人或国家的机会、前景、利益、声誉或形象等） -damage, hurt如：He may look fierce, but h

13、e means no harm. 他可能看上去很凶，但并无恶意。 Hard work never did anyone any harm. 努力工作对任何人都绝无害处。 He may say no, but theres no harm in asking/it does no harm to ask. 他可能拒绝，但问一问也无妨。 【归纳拓展】词性转换：harmful adj. 有害的 harmless adj. 无害的；无恶意的常见搭配 be harmful/harmless to sb./sth. 对有害/无害【即时巩固】单句语法填空Its just a bit of harmless(

14、harm) fun. 开个小玩笑罢了，并无恶意的。Fruit juices can be harmful to childrens teeth. more than 超过，多于；不仅仅是；很，非常(教材P2) With an area of around 5.5 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. 亚马孙雨林占地约550万平方公里，是中国面积的一半以上。【用法详解】more than的用法主要有：(1) 在“more than +数字”结构中，more tha

15、n意为“超过，多于”，相当于over；反义短语为less than。如： Do not write more than 200 words. 写的东西不要超过200字。注意 “more than one +可数名词单数”意为“不止一个”，其含义表复数概念，但形式是单数，即当此结构做主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数形式，类似用法还有many a（“许多”）。如： More than one meaning is included in some legal terms. 有些法律术语有不止一个含义。(2) 在“more than +n.”结构中，more than意为“不止，不仅仅是”。如： Hes

16、 more than a coach; hes a friend. 他不只是教练，更是朋友。(3) 在“more than +adj./adv./v.”结构中，more than意为“很，非常”，相当于very (much), extremely。如： He will be more than happy (=extremely happy) to come with us. 他巴不得和我们一起来。She was more than a little shaken (=extremely shaken) by the experience. 这次经历对她产生了极大的震动。Im sure con

17、ditions over there will more than satisfy your requirements. 我确信，那边的条件会大大满足你的要求。(4) “more than +句子（句中常含有can或could）”结构意为“非所能，是难以的”。如： The heat there was more than he could bear. 那里的高温令他难以忍受。【归纳拓展】与than相关的其他短语：more A than B 与其B，倒不如Aless than 少于，不足rather than 而不是not/no more than 至多，不超过no less than 多达ot

18、her than 除之外（就没有了） -but, except如：I have no ambitions other than to have a happy life and be free. 我没有雄心大志，只求自由自在地过幸福生活。The exhibition at Bostons Museum of Fine Arts is more a production演出 than it is a museum display.波士顿美术博物馆的展览与其说是一次博物馆展出，倒不如说是一场精心设计的展演活动。No less than 35 per cent of the country is p

19、rotected in the form of parks and nature sanctuaries 该国多达35%的地区以公园和自然保护区的形式受到保护。 variety n. C, usu. sing. 不同种类；U 变化，多样性；C 变种，变体(教材P3) The forests different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. 雨林的不同层次支撑种类多到难以置信的野生动物生活繁衍。【用法详解】a (wide/great/range) variety of ./ varieties of . 各种各样的后常接复

20、数可数名词，作主语时，谓动用复数；there be句型用就近原则 the variety of . 的种类后接名词，作主语时，谓动用单数如：There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from. 有种类繁多的图案可供选择。A variety of/Varieties of these crops have been collected from all around the district. 这些不同的作物已从该地区各处收集起来。Im always pleased to try out a new variety. 我一直乐于尝试新产品。We

21、all need variety in our diet. 我们都需要饮食多样化。【归纳拓展】词性转换：(1) vary vi. 相异；改变常见搭配 vary in . 在某方面不同 vary with . 随变化 vary between . and ./ vary from . to . 从到不等，在与中变化(2) various/varied adj. 各种各样的，不同种类的如：The menu varies with the season. 菜单随季节而变动。Class numbers vary between 25 and 30. 班级的数目从25到30不等。 The student

22、s work varies considerably in quality. 学生作业的质量甚是参差不齐。There are various/varied ways of doing this. 做这一工作的方法有很多。【即时巩固】单句语法填空Tastes and preferences vary from individual to individual. She took the job for various/varied(vary) reasons.The star varies in brightness by about three magnitudes. 星体的亮度大约分三个星等

23、。 survive vi. & vt. (教材P3) Although close to extinction in other areas, jaguars can still survive here. 美洲豹虽然在其他地区近乎灭绝，但在这里仍可以生存。【用法详解】survive vi. & vt.(1) vi. (from sth.) | (on sth.) 存活；继续存在如：Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived. 因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。Some strange customs have

24、 survived from earlier times. 有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。I cant survive on 40 a week (=it is not enough for my basic needs). 一星期40英镑，我无法维持生活。(2) vt. 幸存；幸免于难；艰难度过如：The company managed to survive the crisis. 公司设法渡过了危机。Many birds didnt survive the severe winter. 很多鸟死于这次严冬。(3) vt. 比活（或存在）的时间长（相当于outlive） 如：She su

25、rvived her husband by ten years. =Her husband was survived by her of ten years.丈夫死后她又活了十年。【归纳拓展】词性转换：(1) survivor n. 生还者，幸存者(2) survival n. 生存，幸存【即时巩固】单句语法填空、翻译句子$ 20 means a lot when you survive on $ 100 a week.His only chance of survival(survive) was a heart transplant.翻译句子：他在事故中幸免于难，没有骨折。He survi

26、ved the accident with no broken bones. in turn 继而，相应地；轮流，依次(教材P3) These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. 这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫继而又以树叶和水果为食。【用法详解】in turn意为“转而，相应地；轮流，依次”，可作状语，常位于句中或句末。如：The children called out their names in turn. 孩子们逐一自报姓名。Increased production will, in turn, lead t

27、o increased profits. 增加生产会继而增加利润。【归纳拓展】易混辨析：in return (for .) 作为（对的）回报/回应 -in reward for . 如：It seems only fair that they should give us something in return. 似乎他们应该给我们点什么作为回报才像话。 In return for his labour, he receives food and shelter. 他以他辛苦的劳动换取食物和栖身之所。 due to 由于，因为（to是介词）；预计做某事（to是不定式符号）；应支付/应给予某人（

28、to是介词）(教材P3) Over the past 50 years, 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. 在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，17%的雨林已经消失了。【用法详解】due to的用法：(1) (be) due to . 由于，因为（to是介词） -owing to ., on account of ., because of ., as a result of . 如：Most of t

29、he problems were due to human error. 多数问题都是人为错误造成的。The project had to be abandoned due to a lack of government funding.这项工程由于缺乏政府的资助而不得不放弃。(2) be due to do sth. 预计/预期做某事（to是不定式符号） 如：Rose is due to start school in January. 罗斯一月份就要开始上学了。(3) be due to sb. 应付给/应给予某人（to是介词） 如：Have they been paid the mone

30、y that is due to them? 他们应得的钱付给他们了吗？Our thanks are due to the whole team. 我们要向全队致谢。 impact n. C, usu. sing., U 巨大影响/作用；冲击力 v. (on/upon) sth.（对某事物）有影响/作用 damage n. U（有形的）损坏，破坏，损失；U 消极影响，损害；pl. 损害赔偿金(教材P3) As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinct

31、ion becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the “lung of the planet”? 人类活动的影响继续扩大，濒危物种的名单变得更长了，这留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起破坏“地球之肺”的后果吗？【用法详解】(1) image的用法： have/make/leave an impact on/upon . =have/make/leave an influence/effect on/upon . 对有影响 impact on/upon . =affect/influence . 对

32、有影响如：Businesses are beginning to feel the full impact of the recession. 工商企业开始感受到了经济衰退的全面冲击。Her speech made a profound impact on everyone. 她的讲话对每个人都有深远的影响。Her fathers death impacted greatly on her childhood years. 父亲去世对她的童年造成巨大影响。 【用法详解】(2) damage的用法： damage sb./sth. 伤害某人/某物 do/cause damage to . 对造成

33、损害/破坏 =do harm to . 如：serious/severe/extensive/permanent/minor damage 重大的/严重的/大范围的/永久性的/轻微的损坏brain/liver etc. damage 脑损伤、肝损伤等The earthquake caused damage to property estimated at $6 million.地震造成大约600万元的财产损失。He was ordered to pay damages totalling 30 000. 他被责令支付总额为3万英镑的损害赔偿金。 词性转换 damaging adj. 造成破坏的

34、；有害的；损害的 如：damaging consequences/effects 破坏性的后果/影响 Lead is potentially damaging/harmful to childrens health.铅对儿童的健康具有潜在损害。【即时巩固】单句语法填空This could cause serious damage to the countrys economy.They say they expect the meeting to have a marked impact on the future of the country.1. (教材P2) With an area o

35、f around 5.5 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. 亚马孙雨林占地约550万平方公里，是中国面积的一半以上。【句式剖析】句中的“is more than half the size of”为倍数表达法。【考点提炼】倍数表达法常见的倍数表达法有以下几种：（前“倍”）(1) A is倍数as形容词/副词原级as B(2) A is倍数形容词/副词比较级than B(3) A is倍数the计量名词of B(4) 倍数what从句注意 (1)注意倍数的位置

36、；倍数部分也可用分数、百分数代替。 (2)表达倍数时，一倍常用once，两倍常用twice或double，三倍及三倍以上常用“基数词+times”。如：语法填空1. Its said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was.2. Sound travels about four times faster(fast) in water than in air.3. Nowadays the number of the athletes in the National Games is twice what it was

37、ten years ago.2. (教材P3) Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 在那之上，大量落叶层覆盖着昏暗的雨林地面。 【句式剖析】本句为完全倒装句。因作表语的介词短语也表方位或地点Above that置于句子开头，整句进行了全部倒装。正常语序为：“The mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor is above that.”。【考点提炼】完全倒装完全倒装，即将句中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前，此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时，不用于进行或将

38、来时。使用完全倒装的情况有：当主语是名词时，将表示地点或方位的副词、介词短语置于句首，如here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等（如果主语为人称代词，则不需倒装）；such置于句首时，其后的句子要用完全倒装；表语（分词、不定式、形容词、介词短语等）前置，句子用全部倒装。如：(1)Into the dark apartment walked David, who was quite surprised when everyone shouted Happy Birthday.大卫走进了黑暗的房间，当大

39、家喊生日快乐时，他感到很惊讶。(2)Then came the order to take off. 起飞的命令到了。(3)Such is(be) our home in the future. 这就是我们未来的家。（此句也可看做因表语前置引起的完全倒装）(4)Sitting at the back of the classroom were several old teachers. 现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首(5)Gone are the days when my heart was young and happy.(6)Great was his surprise when he

40、 heard the news. 他听到这个消息时大为吃惊。小试身手-完成句子1. 有些人担心旅游业的迅速发展可能会破坏当地环境。（damage n.）Some people worried that the rapid development of tourism might _ the local environment.2. 位于湖中央的这个岛是各种各样候鸟的落脚地。（home; variety）Located in the centre of the lake, the island _ migrant birds.3. 现在这个村庄的人口数量是十年前的五倍。（倍数表达法） The p

41、opulation now in this village is _ it was ten years ago.【答案】1. do damage to 2. is home to a variety of 3. five times whatl 课后练习 . 单句语法填空1 Being exposed to sunlight for too long will do harm to your skin.2 Youd better give up using that kind of medicine, because it may be harmful(harm) to your stomac

42、h.3 Whats particularly interesting is the attitude various(vary) cities have towards Dubanchets cause.4 I cant survive on 40 a week.5 The movie is about survival and the choices people make when they want to survive. In the movie the survivors have much trouble in surviving. (survive)6 Your camp pro

43、vides a good chance for me, where I can know more about other countries, and in turn tell them something about China.7 A total eclipse(日食) is due to take(take) place some time tomorrow.8 You were very rude to him just now, for which you should make an apology to him.9 Her speech made a profound(深远的)

44、 impact on everyone.10 Judging(judge) from his cheerful manner, he must have enjoyed his meal.II. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式完成下列句子in turn breathe life into break down take in欺骗，使上当；摄入，吸收；理解，领会 more than be due to build up1Humans take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. 2He will be more than happy to come w

45、ith us.3It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength again. 4We need some new people to breathe life into this project. 5Talks with business leaders broke down last night. 6Have they been paid the money that is due to them?7There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke in turn轮流

46、. III. 阅读理解AIf youll be taking vacation time in the coming year and plan on flying, here are some shopping tips for you. Those who fly first class and dont care what airline tickets cost are excused from this lesson.When to buyIf you are shopping for domestic(国内的) flights, check prices on Tuesday af

47、ternoons. This is an old tip but still useful because most US carriers continue to release sales on Tuesday morning, and competitors quickly drop their fares to match the better deals.When to flyWeekdays continue to be generally cheaper times to fly than weekends for most flights. In the US, the che

48、apest days are typically Tuesday, Wednesday and Saturday. A good itinerary(行程) for the expensive US spring break travel period is Tuesday to Saturday; it will save you money over weekend-to-weekend travel.Where to flyWe continue to see good deals to Boston and Denver and more and more nice prices to

49、 Chicago, Seattle and Washington, D. C. As for Europe, there have been surprising deals throughout the fall and those will continue into the winter.Direct vs. connecting flightsCompare the price of direct with connecting flights. Sometimes adding a stop to your route will save you money. An example:

50、 an Francisco to Raleigh/Durham: $553 direct, $362 one-stop.Youd better think twice about the direct flight for San Francisco to Raleigh.Compare, compare, compareStifle the impulse to go to your favorite airline site to purchase tickets without doing any comparison. Example: Lets say you want to fly

51、 from New York to London and figure your favorite US legacy carrier will get you there for the best price. Airline price: $554 round-trip.However, the comparison site also showed a cheaper flight from the same legacy carrier ($521). See what youre missing when you fail to compare?1. When can you pos

52、sibly find the best price for flights within the US?A. On Monday morning. B. On Tuesday morning. C. On Tuesday afternoon. D. On Sunday morning.2. What does the underlined phrase “stifle the impulse” in the last but one paragraph mean?A. Feel free to do something. B. Hold off on doing something.C. Ge

53、t well prepared for something. D. Make quick decision on something.3. Who is the text intended for?A. Those who usually choose first class for their flights. B. Those who want to find suggestions on where to fly.C. Those who are traveling during the spring break. D. Those who are looking for the bes

54、t airline ticket prices.BPeople like to post their selfies(自拍照) on social media. To know more about it, scientists at Syracuse University in New York recently did a research and came up with some surprising findings.People who post selfies and use editing software to make themselves look better show

55、 behavior connected to narcissism(自恋), the researchers said. Makana Chock, a professor from Syracuse University, said because social media is mostly used by people to share unimportant information about their lives, it is a good place for people to “work towards satisfying their own vanity.” Those “

56、likes” under their Facebook selfies make them feel good.Besides, people who post group selfies show a need for popularity and a need to belong to a group, the research found. Some people feel “peer(同伴) pressure” to post selfies and some follow the popular belief that if there is no picture of an eve

57、nt or experience, it did not really happen. “Anyway, it shouldnt be seen as negative. People get sense of satisfaction especially when they get likes. And it does no harm,” Chock said.Other findings from the study include: There are no major differences on how often men and women post selfies and ho

58、w often they use editing software. But men who post selfies showed more of a need to be seen as popular than women who posted selfies.Chock said posting selfies on social media is not all that different from what people have done for many years. On trips and special events, our parents and grandpare

59、nts used cameras instead of phones to take photos. They would bring back photos to show friends and family. You had no choice but to look at them. You probably commented about how nice everyone in the photos looked, especially children and the person showing the photos. They were happy to hear your

60、comments. That was the old way of “clicking like”. On social media, however, people can decide not to look at photos - even if they click “like”.4. What is the research mainly about?A. The ways of making people look better in selfies.B. The reasons for people posting selfies on social media.C. The d

61、ifferences between men and women in posting selfies.D. The connections between posting selfies and mental health.5. What does the word “vanity” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. A deep desire to know about something.B. A special need to be more popular.C. Too much pride in ones own appearance.D. Stron

62、g determination to improve oneself.6. What is Chocks attitude towards selfie posting?A. Ambiguous.B. Cautious.C. Disapproving.D. Supportive.7. From the last paragraph, we know that the older generations showed their photos to friends and family _.A. to win praise from viewersB. to show off their cam

63、erasC. to improve relationshipsD. to share good moments【答案】 CBD BCDAIV. 七选五阅读It is known to us all that thinking is a good thing. However, some people dont do it enough, while some people overthink everything. If youre an overthinker, it can be exhausting running through all the possibilities of eve

64、rything. Its not good that the what-ifs run your life and you are trapped. 16 . Here are some signs that you are an overhinker, even if you dont feel you are. 17 Why didnt the girl look at me? And why did Peter look away so fast? What does it all mean?! When youre an overthinker, you tend to find me

65、aning in the world around you. Its helpful to remind yourself that things mean the meaning you give them. You think more than you do. Sometimes you think so much that you dont end up doing anything. You weigh the choices, decide which is the best, and compare; it with a new choice. You end up doing

66、nothing. 18 You find it difficult to let things go.When youve invested a lot of time and energy into something, it can be hard to let it go when it isnt working. 19 The more you think about something, the more it can eat away at you. You want to get everything right.You might be a perfectionist. You

67、 always do your best. But when you dont get everything right, you seriously blame yourself. By recognizing that this can be a strength as well as a weakness, you should know that you simply cant get everything right, despite your best efforts. 20 Remind yourself that you can balance your level of ov

68、er-thinking with more doing. You can even teach someone else who under thinks!A. You may continue thinking about it even when you believe you have already let it go.B. You assume that others know what you re thinking about.C. Remember that, instead of just thinking, its equally important to act.D. Y

69、oure proud of the act that youre always thinking.E. You look for meaning in everything.F. Its even worse when youre unaware that you are just like this.G. Can any of the above signs be found on you?【答案】FECAGl 自我总结-单元单词默写1. _ /hm/ n. & vt. 伤害，损害 (1) 2. _ /sl/ n. 土壤；国土，领土，土地 (1) 3. _ /iksstm/ n. 生态系统

70、(2) 4. _ /vsiz/ adj. 海外的，国外的 adv. 向（在）海外，向（在）国外 (2) 5. _ /ridn/ n. 地区，区域；行政区 (2) 6. _ /kntnnt/ n. 大陆，陆地；洲 (2) 7. _ /mljn/ n. 一百万；许多，大量 (2) 8. _ /le/ n. 长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，（电影）片长 (2) 9. _ /badavsti/ n. 生物多样性 (2) 10. _ /spiiz/ n. (pl. species) 种，物种 (2) 11. _ /nt/ n. 坚果 (3) _ 巴西坚果 (3) 12. _ /lli/ n. 百合（花） (

71、3) _ 睡莲 (3) 13. _ /vrati/ n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 (3) 14. _ /waldlaf/ n. 野生动植物，野生生物 (3) 15. _ /bni/ prep. 在下面，在下方；配不上 (3) 16. _ /ms/ n. 大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj. 大批的，广泛的 (3) 17. _ /tar/ adj. 高大的，高耸的；出色的 (3) 18. _ /hdwd/ n. 阔叶树；硬材（阔叶树的木材） (3) 19. _ /lv/ adj. 活着的，活的；在使用的 n. 生计，谋生；生活方式 (3) 20. _ /mml/ n. 哺乳动物 (3)

72、 21. _ /dju(r)/ n. 美洲豹，美洲虎 (3) 22. _ /svav/ vi. 生存，存活 vt. 幸存，幸免于难 (3) 23. _ /fr/ n. 蛙，青蛙 (3) 24. _ 相应地，转而 (3) 25. _ /nsekt/ n. 昆虫 (3) 26. _ /makrgnzm/ n. 微生物 (3) 27. _ 使分解（为），使变化（成） (3) 28. _ /njutrint/ n. 营养素，营养物 (3) 29. _ 给带来起色， 注入活力 (3) 30. _ /kbn/ n. 碳 (3) 31. _ /ksdn/ n. 氧，氧气 (3) 32. _ /s/ adv.

73、 因此，从而；这样 (3)33. _ /dsp(r)/ vi. 不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪 (3) 34. _ 由于，因为 (3) 35. _ /rklt(r)/ n. 农业，农学 (3) 36. _ /ktl/ n. 牛 (3) 37. _ /mpkt/ n. 影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 /mpkt/ vi. & vt. 有影响；冲击 (3) 38. _ /kstkn/ n. 灭绝，绝种 (3) 39. _ /dmd/ vt. & n. 损害，伤害， 损坏，破坏 40. _ /klamt/ n. 气候；倾向，风气 (5) 41. _ 逐渐增加，扩大 (5) harm soil ecosys

74、tem overseas region continent million length biodiversity species nut brazil nut lily water lily variety wildlife beneath mass towering hardwood living mammal jaguar survive frog in turn insect microorganism break down nutrient breathe life into carbon oxygen thus disappear due to agriculture cattle impact extinction damage climate build up