Unit 2 Health and Fitness 必备知识清单-【中职专用】高一英语同步必备知识清单（高教版2021·基础模块2）（2023修订版）.docx

1、Unit 2 Health and Fitness一、教材生词表及详解1. active/ktv/ adj. 好动的；活跃的 act v.行动；充当 action n.行为 actor n.演员 actress n.女演员l e.g.Most parents said their children had an active, healthy lifestyle.大多数家长都说自己孩子的生活方式积极、健康。2. actually/ktuli/ adv. 事实上 actual adj.真实的；实际的l e.g.Actually, I dont know him at all.实际上我根本不认识他

2、。3. appointment/pntmnt/ n. 预约l make an appointment 预约l e.g.She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor. 她为她儿子约了牙医。4. boost/bust/ v. 使增长；使兴旺l e.g.The movie helped boost her screen career. 那部电影有助于她的银幕发展。5. cancer/kns(r)/ n. 癌症l e.g.The cancer has spread to his stomach .癌已扩散到他的胃部。6. cough/kf/

3、 n. 咳嗽l e.g.She got a little cough to attract my attention .她轻咳了一声以吸引我的注意。7. cure/kj(r)/ n. 药物；疗法l e.g.There is no known cure but the illness can be treated.这种病尚没用确切的治愈方法，但可以医治。8. depression/dpre()n/ n. 抑郁 depress v.使抑郁；使沮丧 depressing adj.令人抑郁的；令人沮丧的depressed adj.情绪低落的；沮丧的l e.g.There was a feeling o

4、f depression in the office.办公室里有一种沮丧的感觉。9. develop/dvelp/ v. 患（病）；发展 development n.发育；成长 developing adj.发展中的developed adj.发达的l e.g.Those smokers were likely to develop lung cancer.那些烟民可能会得肺癌。 10. effort/eft/ n. 气力；努力 l e.g.A united effort is always more effective.共同努力总是更有成效。11. energy/endi/ n. 精力 en

5、ergetic adj.充满活力的l e.g.It s always full of energy.那是浪费时间和精力。12. fitness/ftns/ n. 健康 fit adj.健康的l Fitness center 健身中心l e.g.She bought a magazine on health and fitness.她买了一本卫生与健康的杂志。13. handle/hndl/ v. 处理；应付 =deal with l e.g.She is good at handling her patients.她对待病人很有办法。14. ignore/n(r)/ v. 忽视；不理睬l e.

6、g.These feelings are impossible toignore.不可能忽视这些感情。15. illness/lns/ n. 疾病 ill adj.有病的l e.g.He hasnt fully recovered from his illness.他还没有从疾病中完全恢复过来。16. manual/mnjul/adj. 靠劳力的；手工的 manually adv.以手动方式；通过体力劳动l on manual 处于手动状态l e.g.The computerized system failed and I had to switch to manual operation.计

7、算机系统瘫痪了，我不得不切换到人工操作。 17. physical/fzkl/ adj. 肉体的；身体的 l physical science 自然科学，物理科学18. reduce/rdjus/ v. 使变小 l reduce from A to B 从A减到Bl Reduce by sth 减少了.l e.g.The number of employees was reduced from 40 to 25.雇员人数从40减到25了。Costs have been reduced by 20% over the past year. 过去一年，各项费用已经减少了20%。19. sadly/

8、sdli/ adv. 令人遗憾地；不幸地 sad adj.伤心的；难过的 sad/sadly worse worst 20. self-respect/self rspekt/ n. 自尊（心） self-confident 自信21. stress/stres/ n. 精神压力；压力l e.g.Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.人在压力之下，办事情就容易出错。22. suffer/sf(r)/ v. 经受（痛苦）；遭受l suffer from 遭受l e.g.Many companies are sufferin

9、g from a shortage of skilled staff. 许多公司苦于缺乏熟练员工。23. technician/teknn/ n. 技术人员 technical adj.技术的；工艺的l e.g.As a pianist,she is a brilliant technician,but she lacks passion.作为钢琴家，她技艺娴熟，但缺乏激情。24. temperature/temprt(r)/ n. 体温；温度25. terrible/terbl/ adj. 可怕的；糟糕的二、 本单元短语1. as a result（of） 作为（.的）结果 in resul

10、t 结果；引起（结果）2. burn off 燃尽；烧掉3. give sb a hand 帮忙 =give sb a favor =help sb4. look well 看上去健康；显得不错5. lose ones temper 发脾气 keep ones temper 不发脾气6. move around 走来走去7. public transport 公共交通8. recover from 恢复9. suffer from 忍受；遭受10. what is more而且三、 重点句型句式讲解11. Fewer people are doing manual work, and most

11、 of us have jobs that involve little physical effort.从事体力劳动的人越来越少，我们多数人的工作很少需要体力劳动。（本句包含了that引导的定语从句，句中involve little physical effort修饰前面的名词 jobs。）l that 引导定语从句，在从句中做主语时，不可以省略。e.g. I prefer the red car that is made in China.我喜欢那辆中国制造的红车。l that 引导定语从句，在从句中做宾语时可以省略。e.g. Exercise is a great cure (that)

12、 we have always had.运动是我们一直拥有的好方法。12. People who exercise often do have fewer chances to develop many long- term illnesses . 经常锻炼的人确实很少患上各种长期疾病（本句包含了who 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的名词people。）l who 引导定语从句，在从句中做主语时，不可以省略。e.g. The person who was here yesterday is a musician.昨天来这儿的那个人是位音乐家。13. . as well as reduce your

13、 risk of suffering from stress and depression.而且能减少你遭受压力过大和抑郁的风险。（本句中 as well as 意为“而且”，被视作介词，后接动名词。这种用法主要见于主句谓语为一般现在时和一般过去时）。e.g. He sings as well as playing the piano.他不但会弹钢琴，而且会唱歌。l 如果主句谓语含有情态动词或助动词，as well as 后的动词通常要与情态动词或助动词后的动词形式保持一致。e.g. I have to feed the animals as well as look after the ch

14、ildren.我不但要照顾孩子们，而且还要喂那些动物。四、 重点语法l 简单句的基本结构1.定义：只有一个主语或并列主语和只有一个谓语或并列谓语组成的句子叫简单句。2. 五大基本句型：S(主)Vi.(谓)谓语动词为不及物动词，能表达完整的意思。不及物动词后可接状语进行修饰。I(S) work(V).They(S) arrived(V).S(主)V.(系)P (表)谓语动词为连系动词，不能表达完整的意思，后需加表语，意义才能完整。This kind of food (S) tastes (V)delicious(P).(表特征)It(S)is getting (V) warmer and war

15、mer(P)(表变化)S(主)Vt.(谓)O (宾)谓语动词为及物动词，必须跟动作的承受者(宾语)，意义才能完整。She(S)plans(V)to swim(O)on Monday.Tom(S)enjoys(V)playing football(O).S(主)Vt.(谓)IO (间接宾语)DO(直接宾语)谓语动词须跟两个宾语才能表达完整意思。两个宾语中，一个是动作的直接承受者，一个是动作的间接承受者。My father (S) bought (V) me (IO) a pen (DO).The cinema (S) will show (V) us (IO) a new movie(DO).常

16、见跟双宾语的动词。buy, pass, lend, give, teach, show, bring, sendS(主)Vt.(谓)O (宾)C(宾补)补充说明宾语的特点、身份等。You(S) should keep(V) the room(O) clean(C)通过感观知道宾语做了某事或让宾语去完成某个动作。Dad(S)saw(V)Tom(O)playing_basketball(C).3. 主+系+表语:1）系动词包括：1.be动词2.感官动词（sound, feel, smell, taste, look）3.变化动词：turn, get, become等4.保持动词：keep, rem

17、ain,stay等e.g. we should keep quiet in public. 我们应该在公共场合保持安静。His face turned red when he tole a lie.他撒谎时脸都红了。Her voice sounds sweet. 她的声音听起来很甜美。2）表语包括：1.名词、形容词、数词、代词2.介词短语3.表语从句e.g.I am a teacher/young/30. 我是一名教师/年轻/30岁。 We are in the classroom. 我们在教室里。 The question is when he can arrive the hotel. 问

18、题是他什么时候能到旅馆。4. 主+谓+宾:1）宾语的构成：1.名词、代词、数词2.v-ing短语 如：Playing basketball is interesting.3.to do短语 如：To say is easy. 4.宾语从句e.g.I like English. 我喜欢英语。I enjoy reading books. 我喜欢读书。I want to study a second language. 我想学习第二语言。I wonder where we will go. 我想知道我们要去哪里。2）只接动名词作宾语的常见动词有：resist、mind、suggest、delay、k

19、eep on ,look forward to、enjoy、include、appreciate、imagine、practise、finish、succeed in、consider、cant help、miss。e.g. Would you mind lending me your English Chinese dictionary for a while?你介意把你的英汉词典借我用一下，好吗？I suggest trying it in a different way. 我建议换一种方法试一试？3）以不定式作宾语的常见动词有:like, want, wish, hate, prefer

20、, hope, manage, try, offer, start, ask, forget, promise, pretend, intend, begin, attempt, decide, desire, agree, learn, choose, expect等等. e.g. He pretended not to see me. 他假装没看见我. They managed to put out the big fire. 他们设法扑灭了那场大火. 4）主语+及物动词+宾语从句(从句要用陈述句语序)e.g. I think watching TV too much is bad for

21、 your health. 我认为看太多的电视对你的健康不利。She told me she had been to Beijing.她告诉我她去过北京。I doubt whether he is telling the truth.我怀疑他是否在说真话。 l There be句型1. 结构：“There be 主语(人或物)地点 ”，表示“在某地有某物”。2. There be句型的不同句式否定句:在be 动词后面加not, not any, no。e.g.There is no water in the bottle.瓶子里面没有水。疑问句:把be动词提前到句首，some变any，其他都不

22、变。e.g.Is there any water in the bottle？瓶子里有水吗？3. There be句型中的be动词的数：遵循“就近原则”即：be动词的单复数形式必须和There be之后的第一个主语保持一致。如果第一个主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词，be动词用单数；如果第一个主语是可数名词复数，be动词用复数。e.g. There is (单数) a notebook（单数）on the desk. There is (单数) some milk（不可数名词） in the bottle.There are (复数) some pictures（可数名词复数） on the w

23、all.There is (单数) a teacher and five students（单数+复数） in the classroom.There are (复数) five students and a teacher（复数+单数） here.4. There be句型的不同时态。There be句型时态的变化体现在be动词上， 而且可以和助动词或情态动词连用。一般将来时：There will be或There is/are going to be.一般过去时：There was/were/used to be.现在完成时：There has/have been.含情态动词：There情态动词be.5. 辨析There be句型与havel There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人，不强调此物归谁所有；have表示某人拥有某物或某人，强调所属关系。e.g.There is a tree on the hill.山上有棵树。I have a pencil.我有一支铅笔。l 当have表示包括、存在的含义时，可以与There be句型互换。e.g.A week has seven days. There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天。