外研版高中英语必修五课件：MODULE6 GRAMMAR .ppt

1、GrammarThe Attributive Clause1.定义：又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词3.关系代词、关系副词：引导定语从句的词关系代词关系副词who,whom,whose,which,thatwhen,where,why在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语在定语从句中作状语A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.句子主干：定语从句：先行词：关系代词：A dictionary is a book.which gives the meaning of wor

2、ds.bookwhich4.分类：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，使先行词区别于同类其他事物；主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略引导词：as,who,whom,whose,which,of which,when,where等，不用that或why,不能省略限制性定语从句举例：1.The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depe

3、nd on.2.China is a country which has a longhistory.3.In the street I saw a man who was fromAfrica.非限制性定语从句举例：1.His mother,who loves him very much,is strict with him.2.China,which was founded in 1949,is becoming more and more powerful.3.Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall,in which many impor

4、tant meetingsare held every year.1.Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.Her brother,who is now a soldier,always encourages her to go to college.(她还有其他哥哥。)(她只有一个哥哥。)2.All the books that have pictures inthem are well written.All the books,which have pictures inthem,a

5、re well written.(带插图的书写得好。)(所有的书都写的很好。所有的书都带插图)1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可略）The boys who are playing football are from Class One.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)The man(whom/who)I talked to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr.Li.3.whose 在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。wh

6、ose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。1.He has a friend whose father is a doctor.2.The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.3.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?=Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?Do you

7、 know the girl Do you know the girl whosewhose hair is hair is very short in our class?very short in our class?Do you know the girl?Her hair is very short in our class.He is the student.I broke his pencil yesterday.He is the student He is the student whosewhose pencil I pencil I broke yesterday.brok

8、e yesterday.4which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。1.Football is a game which is liked by most boys.2.The film(which)they went to see last night was not interesting at all.5.that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。1.Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?2.The season that/which come

9、s after spring is summer.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said?There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.(1)限制性定语从句中先行词为all,few,everything,anything,nothing,none,little,some等不定代词指物时。(something用that或which均可)(2)There be 句型

10、中用that。There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。This is the first book(that)he has read.This is the best film(that)I have ever seen.This is the first time(that)I am in Beijing.(4)先行词是who或which引导的主句。Who is the girl that drove the car?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?(5)当

11、先行词既有人又有物。They talked about the persons andthings that they remembered at school.(6)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,the only,the very,the last,just,right等修饰。Ive read all the books that are not mine.This is the very book that belongs to him.(1)紧跟介词作宾语Those are many trees under which they can ha

12、ve a rest.(2)在非限制性定语从句中Football,which is a very popular game,is played all over the world.(3)作定语He may be late,in which case,we should wait for him.在下列情况下,一般用which而不that。as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别1.which引导的从句只能放在主句之后；as引导的从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。2.which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“and this”或“and that”.译为“这一点”。as只能代指

13、整个主句的内容。常带有“正如”之意，且已形成固定结构:as is known,as is reported,as is said,as is expected,as we know,etc.1.Einstein,as is known,is a famous scientist.2.As is reported,China has become an important country in the world.3.Taiwan belongs to China,as is known to all.4.Bamboo is hollow,which makes it very light.5.

14、He didnt come to attend the meeting,as is expected.3.as在从句中作主语，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；而which则不一定。He is very strict,as is shown in his work.4.先行词前有the same,such限定时，关系词只能用as.I have the same opinion as you(have).Dont read such books as are beyond your ability.当先行词受the same 修饰时，有时也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。She

15、 wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.5.主从之间存在逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往用which。Tom was late for school again and again,which made his teacher very angry.关系副词的用法指代内容 所做成分 是否可省略when时间状语否where地点状语否why原因状语否Ill never forget the day when I joined the l

16、eague.on whichon whichIll never forget the time which/that was spent with you.when在定语从句中作时间状语，先行词往往是表示时间的名词。相当于介词+which若定语从句缺主语或宾语，需用which或that引导定语从句。This is the house where I lived two years ago.in whichin whichThe library(which/that)you visited yesterday was built in 1990.where在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词往往是表示

17、地点的名词。相当于“介词+which”。若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。where 引导的定语从句也可以修饰case,condition,situation,instance,等先行词。There are cases where this rule does not hold good.Can you think of a situation where this word can be used?Do you know the reason why she was late.The reason why/for which he refused the invit

18、ation is quite clear.why在定语从句中作原因状语，常位于reason之后，相当于for which。the reason whyis that的原因是他辞职的原因是他和老板吵架了。The reason why he resigned was that he quarreled with his boss.Mencius believed that the reason whyman is different from animals is thatman is good.1.在the reason why 结构中，why 引导定语从句，它也可以换为for which或者省

19、略。在从句中作原因状语。2.如果关系代词指代先行词reason在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等时，则用that或which。3.the reason is that结构中，只能用that引导表语从句，不要受汉语的影响，误用because。【例1】I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers,_ has a great effect on my life.2009 上海A.that;which B.when;which C.which;that D.when;who 【解析】本题的第一个空格处应填

20、入表示时间的关系副词when，在从句中作状语。答案：B。【例2】Carol said the work would be done by October,_ personally I doubt very much.2008全国A.it B.that C.when D.which 【解析】“我个人所怀疑的”是“到十月份这工作能否被完成”，而不是“十月份”，由此判定非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是October,而是前面整个主句的内容。答案：D。【例3】John said hed been working in the office for an hour,_ was true.2009春A.he

21、B.this C.which D.who 【解析】“John说他在办公室工作一个小时了，这件事情是真的”所以要用关系代词which指代这件事情并引导非限制性定语从句。答案：C。【例4】Alice received an invitation from her boss,_came as a surprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。【例5】The weather turned out to be very good,_ was m

22、ore than we could expect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。【例6】The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.（2009年全国卷23题）A.for which B.at whichC.in which D.on which 本句属于“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句这一情况。通过拆

23、分我们可以得 My students acted in the English play at the New Years party.,所以答案为C。【例7】_ is reported in the newspapers,talks between the two countries are making progress.（2009年北京卷34题）A.It B.As C.That D.What【例8】I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.(2008年湖南卷23题)A.how B.which

24、C.where D.that【例9】Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago.A.whereB.thatC.on whichD.the one在该句中，主句中所缺部分为表语，从句中缺少宾语。只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，相当于：the one that/which 所以应选D。【例10】Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held?A.whereB.thatC.on which D.the one该句中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词whe

25、re，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in+which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。【例11】The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,_ the sailing time was 226 days.(10NMET)A.of whichB.during which C.From whichD.for whichA 关系代词which指代 the journey,定语从句恢复为独立句子应该是：The sailing time of the journey was 226 day

26、s.1.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,of course,made the others unhappy.A.whichB.who C.hisD.what2.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child.A.whichB.when C.that D.where 3.The gentleman you told me yesterday proved to be a thief

27、.A.whoB.about whom C.whomD.with whom 4.Please take any seat is free.A.which B.where C.in whichD.that5.The old man has two sons,is a soldier.A.one of whom B.both of them C.all of whom D.none of them6.This is the ship we crossed the Pacific(太平洋).A.by which B.by that C.where D.in which7.New York is fam

28、ous for its sky-scrapers(摩天大楼),has more than 100 storeys.A.the higher of them B.the highest of which C.the highest of them D.some of which8.My home village is no longer the same it used to be.A.whichB.as C.whereD.when9.In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m.,many people have go

29、ne home.A.whose time B.that C.at which D.by which time10.The boy composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.A.who B.whose C.that D.which11.The weather turned out to be very good,was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it12.Mr.Wang is a boss,factory Li Ping worked.A.in

30、 whose B.whose C.in whom D.of which13.I dont like the way you speak to her.A./B.that C.in which D.All A,B,C14.I shall never forget the years _ I lived in the country with the farmers,_ has a good effect on my life.A.that,which B.when,which C.which,that D.when,who 15._ is known to all,China will be a

31、n advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.A.What B.That C.As D.It16.Is this book _ you want to borrow from the library?A.that B.which C.the one D./17.Such a book _ you showed me is difficult to understand.A.that B.which C.as D.like18.The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then.A./B.that C.which D.who19.This is the store we visited the famous shop assistants.A.where B.there C.that D.which20.Im going to spend my holiday in Beijing,live my old parents.A.which B.that C.where D.there