Unit 2 语法-数词 牛津深圳版英语八年级上册语法讲义.docx

1、Unit2：数词【考点1】基数词1. 基数词的构成方式表示数目多少的数词叫基数词。它的构成方式如下：1-one13-thirteen20-twenty100-a / one hundred2-two14-fourteen21-twenty-one101-one hundred and one3-three15-fifteen22-twenty-two110-one hundred and ten4-four16-sixteen23-twenty-three156-one hundred and fifty-six5-five17-seventeen30-thirty1,000-a / one

2、thousand6-six18-eighteen40-forty3,895-three thousand, eighty hundred and ninety-five7-seven19-nineteen50-fifty1,000,000-a / one million8-eight60-sixty1,000,000,000-a / one billion9-nine70-seventy10-ten80-eighty11-eleven90-ninety12-twelve我们可以得出下面的规律：. 1-12为独立的单词，有其各自的形式；. 13-19都以teen结尾，单词中的两个音节都读重音；.

3、 20-90之间“整十”都以-ty结尾，单词中的第一个音节重读；. 20-99之间的“几十几”，十位和个位之间加连字符“-”；. 101-999之间的非整百的基数词的读法为：百位数和十位数（或个位数）之间用and连接；. 四位数或四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律为：用逗号从右向左每三位加一个逗号，第一个逗号前用thousand，第二个逗号前用million，第三个逗号前用billion；读数时从左向右一次读出来。如：3, 728, 221, 969可读为 three billion, seven hundred and twenty-eight million, two hundred and t

4、wenty-one thousand, nine hundred and sixty-nine基数词的构成口诀：1至12独立词，13至19-teen加起，20至90整十位，-ty结尾是后缀。几十几，连字符“-”莫忘记。几百几，hundred后面and立。例题：用英文读出并写出下列数字：107 _25, 302 _3, 227, 346 _7, 201, 750, 110 _2. 基数词的用法(1). 表示数量的多少、号码的大小等。如：There are two playgrounds in our school. 我们学校有两个操场。What size do you need? 你要多大号码的

5、？Size five. 五号。例题：（2016桂林）There are _ students in my art club, twenty-two girls and eighteen boys.A. fourteenB. fortiethC. forty(2). 表示年份、年龄或时刻。如：The little boy was born in 1995. 这个男孩出生于1995年。My grandma is eighty years old. 我奶奶呢80岁了。What time is it now? 现在几点了？Its about nine oclock. 大约9点。注意：表达“在几十年代”

6、时，用“in the + 几十的基数词的复数形式”；表达“在某人几十岁时”，用“in ones +几十的基数词的复数形式”。如：In his twenties my uncle went to France. 我叔叔在他二十多岁时去了法国。In the 1900s, Mr. Wang worked in a factory. 二十世纪九十年代，王先生在一家工厂上班。例题：（2012贵州铜仁）About _ of the students in Grade Nine this year were born in the _.A. three five; 1996B. three fifths;

7、1990sC. third fifth; 1997D. third fifths; 1990s(3). 表示顺序。基数词表示顺序时，由“单数名词+基数词”构成，此时名词和基数词的第一个字母通常大写。如：What class are you in this term? 这学期你在哪个班？Im in Class One Grade Three. 我在三年级一班。例题：（2016广东）Please turn to page _ and take a look at the picture on it.A. the eightiethB. eightiethC. eightiesD. eighty(4

8、). “another + 基数词 + 名词”或“基数词 + more + 名词”表示在已有基础上再增加一定的数量。如：In another two weeks, it will be finished. 再过两个星期，这活就完成了。例题：（2012山东菏泽）Do you have enough students to clean the laboratory?No, I think we need _ students.A. two moreB. more twoC. two otherD. two another3. hundred, thousand, million, billion的

9、特殊用法(1). hundred, thousand等数词，其前有具体数字修饰，表示具体的数目时，用单数。如：The boy has collected two thousand stamps. 这个男孩已经收集了两千张邮票。例题：（2016淮安）More than two _ trees are planted in our neighborhood every year.A. hundredB. hundredsC. hundreds ofD. hundred of(2). 当hundred, thousand等与“of + 复数名词”连用时，表示模糊概念，这时hundred, thous

10、and等要用复数形式。如：Every year, there are hundreds of people visiting the place of interest. 每年有成百上千人参观这处名胜。例题：（2016黄冈）The 15th Chinese Bridge-Chinese Proficiency Competition will be held this year!Thats great!_ foreign college students are interested in Chinese learning.A. Hundred ofB. ThousandsC. Hundred

11、D. Thousands of【考点2】序数词1. 序数词的构成方式基数词变序数词的规律：序数词大都是由基数词变化而来的。其构成形式如下：基数词的形式变序数词的规则举例一般在基数词后加-thfour - fourth以-t结尾在基数词后加-height eighth以-e结尾去e再加-thnine ninth以-ve结尾改ve为f，再加-thfive fifth以-ty结尾的整十数改y为ie，再加-thtwenty twentieth20以上的两位数只变个位数thirty-two thirty-second基数词变序数词口诀：基数变序数，th来帮助。1/2/3，特殊记；8少t，9去e；y结尾改

12、ie；ve要用f替；five, twelve是两兄弟；遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。注意：序数词在实际书写运用时，常用缩写形式，缩写形式为“阿拉伯数字 + 序数词最后面的两个字母”。如：first 1st; seventeenth 17th; twenty-second 22nd; thirty-third 33rd 例题：把下列基数词变为序数词：three _five _eight _nine _twelve _fourteen _twenty-one _thirty-four _2. 序数词的用法(1). 表示顺序。序数词表示顺序时，其前需用定冠词the，后面接单数名词。如：February

13、 is the second month of the year. 二月是一年中的第二个月。例题：（2016绥化）December is the _ month of the year.A. twelveB. twelvethC. twelfth(2). 表示日期中的“日”。如：Monday, February 2nd 2月2号，星期一(3). 序数词前也可用不定冠词a / an，表示“再，又”。如：Ive tried twice, but Ill try a third time. 我已试过两次了，但我将再试一次。例题：（2016四川自贡）I hear your friend is visi

14、ting Sanya again. Is it the second time for him?Yes, and he will come for _ time next spring.A. a thirdB. a secondC. the third3. 序数词与定冠词the序数词前面要加定冠词the来表达顺序，但在下面的情况下，不加the：(1). 当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时，序数词前不用the。如：This is our first lesson this term. 这是我们这一学期的第一节课。例题：（2016天津）Li Ming will be _. His pa

15、rents are going to have a party for his _ birthday.A. sixteen; sixteenthB. sixteenth; sixteenthC. sixteen; sixteenD. sixteenth; sixteen(2). 表达“又一，再一”时，序数词前不用the。但可加不定冠词。如：Please give me a second chance. 请再给我一次机会。例题：（2016齐齐哈尔）He has failed _ times, but he wont give up a _ chance.A. third, fourB. thre

16、e, fourthC. third, fourth 【考点3】数词的其他常用表达法1. 分数的表达法用数词表达分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词；如果分子大于1，分母用复数。如：Only one-fifth of air consists of oxygen. 氧气只占空气的五分之一。注意：“四分之一”常表示为a quarter；“四分之三”表示为“three quarters”；“二分之一”表示为“a half”。如：I will take three quarters of the tea away. 我要拿走这茶叶的四分之三。例题：（2016兰州）_ of the students in

17、 Class 6 have lunch at school.A. Two fifthB. One thirdsC. Three fifthD. Three quarters2. 时间的表达法(1). 表示“几点钟”用基数词加oclock，但oclock常可以省略。如：The boy usually gets up at five oclock. 这个男孩通常五点钟起床。(2). 表示“几点过几分”用past，但分钟数必须在1分钟到29分钟之间。如：At ten past nine, we begin our second lesson. 9点10分，我们开始上第二节课。(3). 表示“差几分几

18、点”用介词to，但分钟数必须在31分钟到59分钟之间。如：They arrived in Guiyang at a quarter to seven yesterday morning. 昨天早晨6点45分他们到达了贵阳。注意：1. minute（分）与oclock一样，通常可以省略。如：What time will the next train leave? 下一班火车什么时候开？At eight nineteen. 8点19分。2. 日常生活中读时间表，常把读法简化，直接按照数字的顺序读。如：7:05 seven 0 five3:30 three thirty3. 编号的表达法(1). 单

19、纯的序号，可在基数词前加number，简写为No.。如：No. 2 第2(2). 大序号通常只用“名词+数词”。如：Room 305 第305号房间Page 126 第126页(3). 电话号码、汽车号码等的编号。这些编号要用阿拉伯数字。朗读时，若是遇到0，既能读作字母O音，也可读作zero（零）；两个相同的数字在一起时，还可读作double。如：Tel: 4885207 读作 four, double eight, five, two, zero, seven4. 约数的表达法英语中除了用hundreds of, thousands of等表达“约数”外，还有以下几种表达法：(1). “大约

20、”用about, nearly, around等。如：The dog weighs about 80 pounds. 这条狗约80磅重。(2). “多于”“超过”用over, more than。如：Answer these questions in not more than / over 45 words. 回答下列问题，不要超过45个单词。(3). “不超过”“少于”用less than, below。如：She is less than twenty years old. 她不到20岁。(4). “左右”用or so表达。如：In the past fifty years or so,

21、 scientists have been able to see farther and farther into the sky. 在过去50年左右的时间里，科学家已经能够观察到越来越远的太空。(5). “.或者以上”用or more表示。The hall can hold 1,000 people or more. 大厅可容纳1000人或者更多。(6). “.或者以下”用or less表示。如：There are 2,000 students or less in our school. 我们学校有2000或将近2000名学生。5. 倍数的表达法表示甲是乙的几倍时，常用下面的三种方法：(

22、1). A + 动词 + 倍数 + 比较级 + than B(2). A + 动词 + 倍数 + as + 原级 + as B(3). A + 动词 + 倍数 + the + 相应的名词 + of B例如：这根绳子是那根的3倍长。This rope is twice loner than that one.This rope is three times as long as that one.This rope is three times the length of that one. 6. 数词的复数形式可数名词有复数形式，数词也有复数。数词的复数主要用于以下几种情况。(1). 表示某人

23、几十岁时。10，20，90等表示整十的数词变成复数形式，用在“in ones + 整十数词复数”的短语中，意为“在某人几十岁时”。如：Marx began to learn Russian in his fifties. 马克思在五十几岁时开始学习俄语。(2). 表示几十年代时。10，20，90等表示整十的数词变成复数形式，用在“in the + 整十数词复数”的短语中，意为“在年代”。如：The family moved to France in the 1950s. 这家人20世纪50年代搬到了法国。(3). 表示不确切的数目时。hundred, thousand, million, bi

24、llion后加-s和of连用，表示“成百的，成千上万的”。如：Thousands of people visit the Great Wall every year. 每年有成千上万的人参观长城。例题：（2016安顺）Unluckily _people were killed in the earthquake.A. two thousandsB. thousand ofC. two thousands ofD. thousands of(4). 数词仅被当成个体名词看待时。如：The number has five threes. 这个数字中有5个3。(5). 在表达分数时。当分子大于1时，

25、分母用序数词的复数形式。如：three fifths 五分之三例题：（2016黑龙江）About _ of the land _ covered with trees and grass.A. three fifths; isB. three fifths; areC. three fifth; are 当堂练习一、用英文读出并写出下列数字。1. 72 _2. 103 _3. 1,720 _4. 11,845 _5. 6,538,005 _6. 512 _7. 54,000_8. 1,107,321,003 _二、将下列基数词变为序数词。1. one _2. two _3. three _4.

26、 four _5. eight _6. twelve _7. twenty-five _8. thirty _三、单项选择。1. There are_ students in this school.A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six2. Every year _ watch NBA on TV.A. million people B. millions of peopleC. millio

27、ns people D. million of people3. _ trees have been planted in our school in the past 10 years.A. Thousands of B. Two thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousand of4. Look! There are _ in the sky.A. thousand stars B. thousand of stars C. thousands of stars D. thousands of star5. Please turn to_. Lets re

28、ad the text aloud.A. Page Two B. the page two C. second page D. page second6. We can say the number 78, 645 in English like this_. A. seventy-eight thousand and six hundred and forty-five B. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty five C. seventy-eight thousand six hundred and forty-five D. sev

29、enty eight thousand six hundred and forty-five7. The year 1999 should be read The year_. A. nineteen and ninety-nine B. nineteen ninety-nine C. one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine D. nineteen hundred and ninety-nine8. He will come here _ tomorrow morning.A. at fifth B. at ten C. on two D. till

30、 tenth9. He was doing some washing _.A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eightC. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning10. He began to work there_. A. on his fifty B. at age of fifty C. when he fifty D. in his fifties11. We all like the boy _.A. of ten years old B. t

31、en-year-old C. at ten old D. of age of ten12. She was _ her early twenties when she went abroad. A. at B. on C. of D. in13. Tom is_ in the row.A. a second B. the second C. two D. second14. Now let me have_.A. the third try B. a third try C. third try D. this third try15. During_ century, the world p

32、opulation has already reached 6 billion.A. twenty B. the twentieth C. twentiethD. the twenty16. Sunday is the_ day of the week.A. seventh B. first C. second D. third17. Tom was _ to get to school and I was _.A. first; ninthB. a first; a ninth C. the first; the ninthD. the second; the nineth18 Whats

33、the date today?Its _.A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th19. Jenny was born _.A. on July 10, 1987 B. in July 10, 1987 C. in 1987, July 10 D. on 1987, July 1020. Monday is the second day, and_. A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifthC. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursda

34、y21 _ of the students are girls in our class.A. Two three B. Two threes C. Two thirds D. Second three巩固提升一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Toms mom gave him a nice gift on his _ (nine) birthday.2. Whats the date today?Its September the _ (thirty).3. Mr. Wu asked his students to turn to the _ (fifty-eight) page.4

35、. He opened up his own company in his _ (thirty).5. How happily we are living in the _ (twenty-one) century. 二、中考数词专项练习。1.How many hours do you sleep every night?About _ hours. From 9:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.A. nineB. nineteenC. ninthD. ninety2. The workers will complete the new bridge in _.A. two and a

36、 half monthsB. two months and halfC. two and a half month3. A year is divided into _ months. August is the _ month of the year. A. twelve；eightB. twelve；eighthC. twelfth；eightD. twelfth；eighth4. There are _ people in Toms family. They live on the _ floor.A. five; ninethBfifth; nineC. five; ninthD. f

37、ifth; ninth5. On her _ birthday, she got an iPad as a gift from her father.A. twelveB. twelfthC. the twelveD. the twelfth6.If your parents wanted to have a _child, would you agree?Of course. But they should make it in _years time. A. second；secondB. two；twoC. second；twoD. two；second7.Welcome to Los

38、Angeles. Have you ever been here?Sure. I visited this city three years ago so this is my _ time here.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth8.What are you going to do this Saturday?I am going to the old peoples home to celebrate Mrs. Greens _ birthday.A. ninty-ninthBninety-ninthC. ninety-nineth 9. Meimei

39、 is going to be an older sister. Her parents are planning to have their _ child. A. oneB. twoC. firstD. second10.）He climbed so fast that he reached _ floor in two minutes.A. nineB. the nineC. the ninthD. ninth11.The _ Brazils Olympic games will be held on August 5._exciting news for the long summer

40、 vacation!A. thirty-one; How aB. thirty-first; WhatC. thirty-first; What anD.thirty-one; How12. About _ of the land _ covered with trees and grass.A. three fifths; isB. three fifths; areC. three fifth; are 13.A recent survey shows that 35 out of 45students in my class will save their phones first in

41、 a fire.About _ of the students made such a choice? Life is far more important, isnt it? A. halfB. one thirdC. two thirdsD. three quarters14.Jack, _of the oranges _ gone bad.Wed better eat up the rest as soon as possible.A. one fifth; haveB. one fifth; hasC. one fifths; haveD. first five; has15. Now

42、adays, _ of the old people in the area _ used to dancing on the square after supper.A. two third; isB. two thirds; isC. two thirds; are 16.What do you think of the environment here?Wonderful! _ of the land _ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifths; isB. Two fifth; isC. Two fifths; areD. Two fifth

43、; are17.Have you heard of TFBoys?Certainly. About _ teenagers love them very much in our school.A. hundredsB. two hundreds ofC. two hundredsD. two hundred18. During the May Day holiday, _ visitors came to Zhijiang to visit the Memorial Hall of Flying Tigers. A. thousand ofB. thousandsC. thousands of

44、 19. There are _ tourists visiting the island on May Day every year.A. two thousands ofB. two thousandsC. thousands ofD. thousand of20.Mount Tai is so famous that _people visit it every day.A. hundred ofB. seven hundreds ofC. hundreds of 21. There are _ students in our school.A. hundredsB. hundreds

45、ofC. hundred of 参考答案当堂练习一、用英文读出并写出下列数字。1. seventy-two2. one hundred and three3. one thousand, seven hundred and twenty4. eleven thousand, five hundred and forty-five5. six million, five hundred and thirty-eight thousand, and five6. Five hundred and twelve7. fifty-four thousand8. One billion, one hun

46、dred and seven million, three hundred and twenty-one thousand, and three二、将下列基数词变为序数词。1. first2. second3. third4. fourth5. eighth6. twelfth7. twenty-fifth8. thirtieth 三、单项选择。1-5. CBACA 6-10. CBBAD 11-15. ADBBB 16-20. BCDAB 21. C【巩固提升】一、冠词填空。1. ninth2. thirtieth3. fifty-eighth4. thirties5. twenty-first二、中考数词专项练习1-5. AABCB 6-10. CBBDC 11-15. BADAC 16-20. ADCCC 21. B