Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元综合检测（单元测试）-【上好课】2022-2023学年高一英语同步备课系列(人教版2019必修第一册）.docx

1、Unit 4单元综合检测（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1本试卷分第卷（选择题）和第卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2回答第卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。3回答第卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。4考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力（共30分，略）第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A（

2、2022云南昆明一中高一期中）Apps to Help in a DisasterDisasters almost always arrive unexpectedly. But there are computer apps to help people prepare for disasters. Some apps warn users when a disaster has taken place.Siren GPS MobileThe free Siren GPS Mobile app connects users to emergency (紧急事件) services at th

3、e tap of the screen. The app will let emergency workers know where the person in need is.The app works over cellphone networks. But it also works on Wi-Fi if cellphone networks are down after an emergency.Users can create a personal health report on the app to share with emergency services. This wil

4、l provide information about medicines that users take, allergies (过敏反应) they might have and other medical information important to treatment decisions.Life360The Life360 app provides a service to keep the loved ones connected. Users can set up a network of people to share their location, chat and ge

5、t informed when they are near someone in their network. People in the same network can use the app on iPhone and Android devices.The app helps users communicate when they are in danger. The location sharing function can be suspended (暂停) when desired.The Life360 app is free, with some services avail

6、able for a fee.Red Panic ButtonWhen a person is in danger, the Red Panic Button app might help. This app can send a text message to chosen contacts providing the users location. You can also add a voice or video message or photo to your text and email.This app can also be used to contact emergency s

7、ervices.Red Panic Button is free, but extra features are available for a fee*First Aid by American Red CrossThe free First Aid app by the American Red Cross helps guide users in giving first aid to the injured people. The app can also help with information to help plan for droughts, floods, storms a

8、nd more.Watch videos and take tests within the app. Users can switch the app from English to Spanish.1Which is not the feature of the Siren GPS Mobile app?AIt connects users to emergency services.BIt is useless if your cellphone network is down.CRescuers can get your health information through it.DR

9、escue workers can know where the injured person is.2What can you do if you have the Life360 app?AWatch over your loved ones movements.BKeep connected with those in your network.CShare your health information with doctors directly.DGet hospital information immediately when in danger.3What may be the

10、best choice if you want to get information about disasters in advance?ASiren GPS Mobile.BLife360.CRed Panic Button.DFirst Aid by American Red Cross.B（2022河南南阳市第二完全学校高级中学高一期中）In the United States, more than 90 people died across six southern states when strong winds known as tornadoes destroyed homes

11、, office buildings and religious centers on Friday night. Victor Gensini, a weather scientist at Northern Illinois University, called the tornado that traveled hundreds of miles on Friday “Remarkable.” He said the tornado traveled about 300 kilometers. Normally, tornadoes die out in minutes, he said

12、, but this one lasted for hours. He said the storm moved as fast as a car going down a large roadway.Such weather events do happen in December, but they do not happen often this time of year because the temperature on the ground is not so different from that high in the sky. However, people in Kentu

13、cky said the air was warm and wet on Friday. Weather scientists said the mixing of the warm and cold air can create “instability (不稳定)” which produces storms and the fast, spinning (旋转的) winds of tornadoes.The question is whether the deadly storm came because of climate change. The weather scientist

14、s are not completely sure. Gensini said strong winds are common in the winter, but they do not create tornadoes because the air close to the Earth is also cold. Harold Brooks studies tornadoes at the National Severe Storms Laboratory. While the US has more tornadoes than any other country, tornadoes

15、 only form once out of every 10 strong storms. As a result, he said, it is hard to say if the winter tornadoes have something to do with climate change. Gensini, however, said the conditions for strong storms are becoming more common in the winter as the planet warms up.Jason Furtado, a scientist at

16、 the University of Oklahoma, said in the past tornadoes happened more often during warm days in the summer. However, as the winter becomes warmer, especially in the southern US, the tornado season will change. More will happen in the winter and fewer will happen in the summer. He said people who liv

17、e in places like Kentucky, which suffered the most from Fridays storms, are now living in an area where tornadoes are common.4What can be learned about the tornado “Remarkable”?AIt is the worst one on record.BIt lasted only minutes.CIt was quite damaging.DIt only traveled along the roadway.5What doe

18、s paragraph 2 mainly talk about?AWhat is the cause of the tornadoes.BWhy the weather changes in December.CHow special the weather is in December.DWhat were peoples attitudes to the tornado on Friday night.6Which of the following may Harold Brooks agree with?AA strong storm usually grows into a torna

19、do.BWinter tornadoes will be a common thing in the US.CThe US has more tornadoes in winter than any other country.DThe connection between winter tornadoes and climate change is unknown.7How will tornadoes change according to Jason Furtado?AThey will last longer and longer.BThey will become weaker in

20、 Kentucky.CThey will happen less often in the summer.DThey will travel faster in colder months.C（2022江西临川一中高一阶段练习）Check out our tsunami facts and learn some interesting information related to these great walls of water that can cause so much destruction. Find out what causes tsunamis and read about

21、some notable recent examples of tsunamis that have occurred around the globe.Tsunamis are huge waves of water that are usually caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions. As a tsunami approaches the shore, water may move back from the coast. If it is shallow enough, the water may be pulled back hun

22、dreds of meters. If you are in the area, observing this is a good indication that a tsunami is on the way.Regions in tsunami danger zones often have warning systems in place to give people as much time to evacuate as possible. When tsunamis hit shallow water (often near the coast), they slow down bu

23、t increase in height.An earthquake in the Indian Ocean off Indonesia in December 2004 caused a tsunami that killed over 200,000 people in 14 countries. In March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake off the eastern coast of Japan caused a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15,000 people. The

24、 tsunami waves created by the Tohoku earthquake reached heights of over 40 metres (131 feet) in mine areas, wiping out coastal towns and causing a number of nuclear accidents.The Japanese word “tsunami” literally means “harbour wave”. Tsunamis are sometimes referred to as tidal waves but this term h

25、as fallen out of favour because tsunamis are not related to tides.8Which of the following shows a tsunami is coming soon?AThe water near the shore is pulled back.BThe water marches towards the coast.CAn earthquake takes place.DThe water near the shore is very shallow.9In the Tohoku earthquake, over

26、15,000 people died mainly because of _.Athe earthquake itselfBthe lack of warning systemsCthe tsunami caused by the earthquakeDthe nuclear accidents caused by the tsunami10What does the underlined word “evacuate” in Paragraph 3 mean?ALeave.BWatch.CExplore.DCommunicate.11What can we learn from the pa

27、ssage?AThere is no sign before the approach of a tsunami.BMore people died in Indonesia tsunami than in Tohoku tsunami.CSome nuclear accidents happened after Indonesia tsunami.DThe term “tidal wave” is used more often than “tsunami.”D（2022山西柳林县鑫飞中学高一期中）On August 14, 2021, Haiti was hit by a7.2 magni

28、tude(级数)earthquake. The quake destroyed thousands of buildings, injured over 5,700 people, and left at least 1,297 others dead. Haiti has declared a state of emergency(紧急情况).The earthquake struck near the town of Petit Trou de Nippes, in the western part of the country. Thats roughly 125 kilometers

29、west of the capital, Port-au-Prince. The earthquake did serious damage in two nearby cities, Les Cayes and Jeremie, with Les Cayes hit the hardest. Homes, schools, churches, and offices were seriously damaged.The number of injured people was so high that local hospitals have been unable to keep up.

30、A number of medical workers at the general hospital in Les Cayes were themselves trapped in a building. Across the area, people were searching through the rubble(废墟) for survivors. But the earthquake also caused landslides(塌方), making the job even more difficult. There have been many aftershockssmal

31、ler quakes which follow the main earthquake. With many buildings damaged by the earthquake, its not certain whether the buildings still standing in the area are safe. Many people are choosing to sleep outside rather than taking the risk of sleeping in a building.Haiti has still not fully returned to

32、 normal from a 7.0 magnitude earthquake which destroyed much of Port-au-Prince and killed over 200,000 people in 2010. The country suffered again in 2016, when it was pounded(袭击) by Hurricane Matthew, which caused huge damage in Haiti. Storm Grace is expected to reach Haiti on Monday, bringing heavy

33、 rainfall with it. Several countries have offered to help Haiti. The government says the country wont officially ask for outside help until it is clear how much damage there is in all. But Haiti is not a rich country, and the government may not have the money for major efforts to rebuild the damaged

34、 areas.12Which was worst affected by this years earthquake?APort-au-Prince.BJeremie.CLes Cayes.DPetit Trou de Nippes.13What does the underlined part “the job” in Paragraph 3 mean?ADealing with landslides.BSearching for survivors.CObserving aftershocks.DDoing building safety-checks.14What do we know

35、about Haiti?AIt has begun to rebuild after this years earthquake.BIt has just recovered from the 2010 earthquake.CIt suffered from two kinds of hurricanes in 2016.DIt has experienced serious disasters in recent years.15What is Haitis attitude to seeking foreign aid?ADoubtful.BFavored.CCautious.DDisa

36、pproving.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2022广西河池高一期末）Unlike hurricanes or floods, earthquakes happen without warning and are usually followed by similar aftershocks, although the aftershocks are usually less powerful than the quake. If you find yourself in the mi

37、ddle of an earthquake, theres often only a short time to decide what to do. _16_ Drop to the ground. The drop, cover, and hold on technique is the cousin of the famous “stop, drop and roll” for fires. While its not the only method of protecting yourself indoors during an earthquake, it is the prefer

38、red method of the Red Cross. Big earthquakes occur without much, if any, warning. _17_ A small earthquake could turn into a big earthquake in a split-second; its better to be safe than sorry. Take cover. Get under a firm table or other piece of furniture. _18_ If there isnt a table or desk near you,

39、 cover your face and head with your arms and crouch (蜷缩) in an inside corner of the building. Hold on. _19_ Hold on to whatever surface or platform youve gotten under and wait for the shaking to stop. If you were unable to find a surface to hide under, continue to keep your head protected by your ar

40、ms and tucked (躲藏，隐藏) down low. _20_ Researchers have shown that most injuries happen when people try to change the place of hiding or when the place is crowded and everyone has a goal to get outside safe.AStay inside until its safe to get out.BIn that case, move to the nearest safe place.CStairs ar

41、e dangerous places to walk during an earthquake.DSo its recommended that you drop to the floor as soon as it hits.EIf possible, stay away from windows and anything that could fall.FThe ground maybe shaking and pieces of wood or brick could be falling.GStudying the following advice could be the diffe

42、rence between life and death.第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（2022湖南长沙一中高一期末）Hurricane Harvey struck Texas over two years ago, and many communities continue to feel its effects today. The areas that were _21_ most by Harvey were already facing many

43、economic _22_. After Harvey hit, the people who were _23_ to meet their basic needs were faced with having to rebuild their lives and their homes as well. _24_ Harvey and the affected communities, the East Harris County Recovery Project was created to help individuals and families that were hit part

44、icularly _25_ by the hurricane and support them as they _26_. Good360, a non-profit charity group, is _27_ to partner with this organization to assist the _28_ communities.Good360 donated backpacks to East Harris County Empowerment Council for students returning to school this fall who _29_ would no

45、t have been able to buy new backpacks. The weeks _30_ the start of school are particularly hard for families. Parents are often forced to choose between having _31_ on the dinner table, putting gas in the car, and buying school _32_ for their children. The donation of backpacks allowed them to _33_

46、meeting other needs.One family in the county was especially impacted by this donation. When it came time to buy school items, the mother was _34_ that she would not have enough money for her two children in school. Thanks to Good360s _35_, both children received brand new backpacks.21AappliedBhitCfu

47、ndedDrelieved22AchallengesBimpressionsCcurrentsDservices23AsignalingBstrugglingCconfirmingDmarching24AIn case ofBIn addition toCIn response toDIn place of25AfancyBordinaryChardDorderly26ArecoverBreviseCreflectDretire27AshockedBunlikelyCanxiousDproud28AdefeatedBdesertedCunearthedDimpacted29Aotherwise

48、BfurtherCentirelyDmoreover30Asetting a limit toBreferring toCleading up toDgiving rise to31AfunBfoodCdifficultyDargument32AgamesBbusinessCsourcesDsupplies33Afocus onBoccur toCdraw onDbring up34AinspiredBconcernedCdeterminedDscared35AprocedureBrescueCdonationDpower第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）（2022海南高一期

49、末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。On February 16, 1861, a big earthquake struck Sumatra, an Indonesian island. The earthquake shook the western side of the island, _36_ (cause ) a tsunami (海啸). That wall of water poured onto shore, destroying towns and taking thousands of _37_ (life) .Re

50、cently, though, a team of scientists discovered that another earthquake occurred before this deadly event. According to the record, that earthquake _38_ (start ) in 1829 and lasted for 32 years but no one felt even one shake. This kind of slow-moving earthquake _39_ (call) “silent earthquakes” becau

51、se no instrument can find them. Scientists have only begun discovering them because _40_ the advances in GPS technology in the last twenty years._41_ (figure) out what is going on under the ground, scientists need to study earthquakes. Every earthquake, either small _42_ big, can teach scientists so

52、mething about how much the ground will shake in the future. Unluckily, no one can predict (预测) when an earthquake will hit. Scientists just have to prepare to study all earthquakes _43_ strike.But silent earthquakes like the one in Sumatra change the game for scientists. These silent earthquakes hap

53、pen all over _44_ world. Sometimes, a silent earthquake happens just before a regular one, both of which might be related. By studying silent earthquakes, scientists hope to better understand regular earthquakes and _45_ (possible) predict them.第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46（2022湖北十堰市教育科学研究院高一期末）假定

54、你是李华，你校将举办一场以“How to survive an earthquake”为主题的讲座。请你写封邮件邀请你的外国朋友George参加，内容包括：1.邮件的目的；2.讲座的主要内容；3.讲座的时间和地点。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dear George,_Yours,Li Hua第二节（满分25分）47（2022湖北鄂州市鄂城区教学研究室高一期中）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。The concept of comfort zone (舒适区) refers to a psychological

55、state in which we feel safe and do not experience anxiety or fear. It is a “space” that we know completely and in which we control almost everything.Your comfort zone represents things youre familiar with, your regular haunts, friends youre at ease with, and activities you love doing. Your comfort z

56、ones risk free. Its easy. It doesnt cause you to stretch. Within these boundaries we feel safe and secure.During my senior year in college I was short a few credits, and so I skimmed through the class schedule looking for something to fill the hours. When I came across “Private Voice Instruction” as

57、 in singing lessons, I thought, “Why not step outside my comfort zone and give it a try?”I was careful to sign up for private lessons instead of group lessons because I didnt want to make a fool of myself by singing in front of other students.Things went fine until the end of the semester when my si

58、nging professor brought the shocking news. “By the way, Sean, have you decided which song you want to sing at the recital?” “What do you mean?” I asked in horror.“Well, the class requirements state that you have to sing at least one time in front of the other private voice students.”“That would not

59、be a good idea,” I said emphatically.“Oh, its no big deal. Youll do fine.”Well, to me it was a huge deal. The thought of singing in front of a group made me physically sick. “How am I going to get out of this one?” I thought. But I couldnt allow myself to do that because I had been speaking to vario

60、us groups over the past year advising them to never let fears make their decisions.“Courage, Sean.” I kept saying in my mind. “Youve got to at least try.”注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。That frightening day finally arrived._I left the classroom as if a heavy load had been lifted._参考答案：1B2B3D【导语

61、】这是一篇应用文。介绍了在灾难时有帮助的几款应用程序。1细节理解题。根据Siren GPS Mobile下列第二段中“But it also works on Wi-Fi if cellphone networks are down after an emergency. (但如果紧急情况下手机网络中断，它也可以在Wi-Fi上运行。)”可知，选项B“如果你的手机网络坏了，它就没用了。”不是Siren GPS Mobile应用程序的特点。故选B项。2细节理解题。根据Life360下列第一段中“The Life360 app provides a service to keep the loved

62、 ones connected. (Life360应用程序提供了一种让亲人保持联系的服务。)”可知，如果你有Life360应用程序，你能和你社交圈里的人保持联系。故选B项。3推理判断题。根据First Aid by American Red Cross下列段落中“The app can also help with information to help plan for droughts, floods, storms and more. (该应用程序还可以提供信息，有助于对干旱、洪水、风暴等做出计划。)”可知，如果你想提前获得灾难的信息，最好的选择是First Aid by America

63、n Red Cross。故选D项。4C5A6D7C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在美国，过去龙卷风经常发生在温暖的夏季，而现在，随着冬季温度越来越高，美国南部地区龙卷风发生的频率也越来越高。4推理判断题。根据第一段“In the United States, more than 90 people died across six southern states when strong winds known as tornadoes destroyed homes, office buildings and religious centers on Friday night. Vic

64、tor Gensini, a weather scientist at Northern Illinois University, called the tornado that traveled hundreds of miles on Friday “Remarkable.”(在美国，周五晚上，龙卷风摧毁了房屋、办公楼和宗教中心，造成南部6个州90多人死亡。北伊利诺伊大学的气象学家维克多根西尼称周五席卷数百英里的龙卷风为“异常的”)。”可推断，这个龙卷风造成了极大地毁坏。故选C。5主旨大意题。根据第二段“Weather scientists said the mixing of the w

65、arm and cold air can create “instability (不稳定)” which produces storms and the fast, spinning (旋转的) winds of tornadoes.(气象学家表示，暖空气和冷空气的混合会造成“不稳定”，从而产生风暴和快速旋转的龙卷风。) ”可知，本段讲的是龙卷风是如何形成的。故选A。6细节理解题。根据第三段“As a result, he said, it is hard to say if the winter tornadoes have something to do with climate cha

66、nge.(因此，他说，很难说冬季龙卷风是否与气候变化有关。)”可知，Harold Brooks认为冬季龙卷风和气候变化之间是否有联系并不可知。故选D。7细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, as the winter becomes warmer, especially in the southern US, the tornado season will change. More will happen in the winter and fewer will happen in the summer.(然而，随着冬天变暖，尤其是在美国南部，龙卷风季节将会改变。冬天会发生更多，夏天会发

67、生更少。)”可知，Jason Furtado认为，以后在夏季，龙卷风将会发生的更少。故选项C。8A9C10A11B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海啸的危害并举了一些例子。8细节理解题。根据第二段“As a tsunami approaches the shore, water may move back from the coast. If it is shallow enough, the water may be pulled back hundreds of meters. If you are in the area, observing this is a good indic

68、ation that a tsunami is on the way.（当海啸接近海岸时，海水可能会从海岸回流。如果它足够浅，水可能被拉回数百米。如果你在该地区，观察这是一个很好的迹象，表明海啸即将来临。）”可知，海岸附近的水向后退去了，可显示海啸即将来临。故选A。9细节理解题。根据第四段“In March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake off the eastern coast of Japan caused a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15,000 people.（2011年3月，日

69、本东海岸附近的东北地震引发了海啸，这是造成15 000多人死亡的主要因素。）”可知，在日本东北部的地震中，超过15000人死亡，主要是因为地震引发的海啸。故选C。10词义猜测题。根据划线词前半句“Regions in tsunami danger zones often have warning systems in place to give people as much time to（处于海啸危险区的地区通常设有预警系统，以便给人们尽可能多的时间）”可知，设有预警系统是为了提醒人们尽可能地撤离，所以evacuate为“逃离”之意。故选A。11细节理解题。根据第四段“An earthqua

70、ke in the Indian Ocean off Indonesia in December 2004 caused a tsunami that killed over 200,000 people in 14 countries. In March 2011, the Tohoku earthquake off the eastern coast of Japan caused a tsunami that was a major factor in the death of over 15,000 people.（2004年12月，印度尼西亚附近的印度洋发生地震，引发海啸，造成14个

71、国家20多万人死亡。2011年3月，日本东海岸附近的东北地震引发了海啸，这是造成15 000多人死亡的主要因素。）”根据印度尼西亚和日本东海岸附近的东北地震死亡人数数字比较可知，印度尼西亚海啸的死亡人数比东北部海啸的死亡人数还多。故选B。12C13B14D15C【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了海地2010年和2021年发生地震的情况以及2016年遭受飓风袭击的情况。12细节理解题。根据第二段“The earthquake did serious damage in two nearby cities, Les Cayes and Jeremie, with Les Cayes hit the

72、 hardest.”(地震在附近两个城市造成了严重破坏，Les Cayes and Jeremie，其中Les Cayes受灾最严重)可知，Les Cayes受灾最严重。故选C项。13词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Across the area, people were searching through the rubble(废墟) for survivors.”(整个地区的人们都在废墟中搜寻幸存者)可知，但地震也造成了山体滑坡，这使得搜寻幸存者更加困难。所以划线词指的是“搜寻幸存者”。故选B项。14细节理解题。根据第一段“On August 14, 2021, Haiti was hit b

73、y a7.2 magnitude(级数)earthquake.”(2021年8月14日，海地发生7.2级地震)以及倒数第二段“Haiti has still not fully returned to normal from a 7.0 magnitude earthquake which destroyed much of Port-au-Prince and killed over 200,000 people in 2010. The country suffered again in 2016, when it was pounded(袭击) by Hurricane Matthew,

74、 which caused huge damage in Haiti.”(2010年，海地发生7.0级地震，摧毁了太子港大部分地区，造成20多万人死亡，目前海地还没有完全恢复正常。2016年，海地再次遭受飓风马修的袭击，造成巨大损失)由此可知，近年来，海地经历了严重的灾害。故选D项。15推理判断题。根据最后一段“Several countries have offered to help Haiti. The government says the country wont officially ask for outside help until it is clear how much d

75、amage there is in all.”(一些国家已经表示愿意帮助海地。政府表示，该国不会正式寻求外界帮助，直到弄清总共的损失有多大)由此判断出，海地对寻求外援持谨慎的态度。故选C项。16G17D18E19F20A【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几条地震时该如何反应的建议。16上文“If you find yourself in the middle of an earthquake, theres often only a short time to decide what to do.(如果你发现自己身处地震之中，通常只有很短的时间来决定该做什么)”说明身处地震中，决定该做什么的时

76、间很短，G项“研究以下建议可能是生与死的区别。”承接上文，引出下文内容，符合题意。故选G。17本段标题句“Drop to the ground.(卧倒在地上)”说明本段给出的建议是卧倒在地，D项中drop to the floor是关键短语，D项“所以建议地震一发生你就卧倒在地。”符合本段主旨。故选D。18本段标题句“Take cover.(躲起来)”说明本段给出的建议是躲起来，以及上文“Get under a firm table or other piece of furniture.(躲到坚硬的桌子或其他家具下面)”说明躲起来时应注意的事项，E项“如果可能的话，远离窗户和任何可能坠落的物

77、体。”继续介绍躲起来时的注意事项，符合题意。故选E。19下文“Hold on to whatever surface or platform youve gotten under and wait for the shaking to stop.(固守你已经到达的任何表面或平台下边，等待震动停止)”说明要待在相对安全的地方，等待震动停止，F项“地面可能会晃动，木块或砖块可能会掉落。”解释下文动作的原因，符合题意。故选F。20下文“Researchers have shown that most injuries happen when people try to change the plac

78、e of hiding or when the place is crowded and everyone has a goal to get outside safe.(研究人员已经表明，大多数伤害发生在人们试图改变躲藏地点，或当这个地方很拥挤，每个人都有一个目标，以安全逃出的时候)”说明大多数伤害发生在人们试图改变躲藏的地点或者每个人都想出去时，A项“待在里面，直到出去是安全的。”说明在确认安全之前待在里面，引出下文内容，符合题意。故选A。21B22A23B24C25C26A27D28D29A30C31B32D33A34B35C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了飓风哈维袭击了德克萨斯州之后，政

79、府和慈善机构帮助灾区人民恢复生活，度过难关的故事。21考查动词词义辨析。句意：受哈维打击最严重的地区已经面临许多经济挑战。A. applied应用，申请；B. hit打击；C. funded资助；D. relieved缓解。根据上文“Hurricane Harvey struck Texas”及下文“After Harvey hit”可知，此处指受飓风打击最严重的地区。故选B项。22考查名词词义辨析。句意：受哈维打击最严重的地区已经面临许多经济挑战。A. challenges挑战；B. impressions印象；C. currents趋势；D. services服务。根据后文“the peo

80、ple who were 3 to meet their basic needs were faced with having to rebuild their lives and their homes as well”可知，他们遇到许多经济挑战。故选A项。23考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈维袭击后，那些努力满足基本需求的人们面临着重建生活和家园的问题。A. signaling发信号；B. struggling挣扎，奋斗，努力；C. confirming证实；D. marching行进。根据前文“After Harvey hit”及后文“to meet their basic needs”可知，

81、在飓风袭击之后，灾民需要努力满足基本需求。故选B项。24考查介词固定短语词义辨析。句意：为了应对哈维和受灾的社区，政府创建了东哈里斯县恢复工程，以帮助遭受飓风重创的个人和家庭，并在他们恢复时提供支持。A. In case of万一，如果发生；B. In addition to另外；C. In response to作为回应，应对；D. In place of替代。根据后文“the East Harris County Recovery Project was created to help individuals and families that were hit particularly

82、5 by the hurricane”可知，恢复工程的创建是为了应对飓风给灾区人民带来的灾害。故选C项。25考查形容词（副词）词义辨析。句意：为了应对哈维和受灾的社区，政府创建了东哈里斯县恢复工程，以帮助遭受飓风重创的个人和家庭，并在他们恢复时提供支持。A. fancy精致的；B. ordinary普通的；C. hard艰难的，沉重地，猛烈地；D. orderly有序的。根据前文“The areas that were 1 most by Harvey were already facing many economic 2.”可知，恢复工程要帮助灾民，尤其是遭到飓风猛烈打击的灾民。故选C项。2

83、6考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了应对哈维和受灾的社区，创建了东哈里斯县恢复工程，以帮助遭受飓风重创的个人和家庭，并在他们恢复时提供支持。A. recover恢复；B. revise修改；C. reflect反应；D. retire退休。根据常识和前文“the East Harris County Recovery Project”可知，恢复工程在灾民恢复生活时，提供支持。故选A项。27考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Good360是一家非营利性慈善团体，很荣幸能与该组织合作，帮助受影响的社区。A. shocked震惊的；B. unlikely不大可能的；C. anxious焦虑的；D. proud自豪

84、的。根据前文“a non-profit charity group”和后文“to partner with this organization to assist the 8 communities”可知，作为一家非营利慈善机构，能帮助灾民度过难关感到非常自豪。故选D项。28考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Good360是一家非营利性慈善团体，很荣幸能与该组织合作，帮助受影响的社区。A. defeated被击败的；B. deserted被遗弃的；C. unearthed被发掘的；D. impacted受影响的。基于前文分析可知，飓风袭击了该地区，所以慈善机构帮助受影响的社区。故选D项。29考查副词词

85、义辨析。句意：Good360向东哈里斯县赋权委员会捐赠了背包，以帮助今年秋季返校的学生，否则他们将无法购买新的背包。A. otherwise否则；B. further进一步；C. entirely完全地；D. moreover此外。根据语境和后文“would not have been able to buy new backpacks”可知，如果得不到帮助，他们就无法购买新书包。故选A项。30考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：开学前的几周对家庭来说尤其艰难。A. setting a limit to将限制设置为；B. referring to参考，涉及；C. leading up to是的先导，是

86、导致的原因；D. giving rise to引起，导致（尤指坏事）。根据后文“Parents are often forced to choose between having 11 on the dinner table, putting gas in the car, and buying school 12 for their children.”可知，在开学的前几周对家庭来说是最艰难的。故选C项。31考查名词词义辨析。句意：父母不得不在餐桌上的食物、给车加油和给孩子买学习用品之间做出选择。A. fun乐趣；B. food食物；C. difficulty困难；D. argument争论

87、。根据后文“on the dinner table”可知，此处指餐桌上的食物。故选B项。32考查名词词义辨析。句意：父母不得不在餐桌上的食物、给车加油和给孩子买学习用品之间做出选择。A. games游戏；B. business商业；C. sources来源；D. supplies供应，补给，日用品。根据语境和前文“school”后文“for the children”可知，此处指学习日用品。故选D项。33考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：捐赠背包使他们能够着力于满足其他需求。A. focus on关注；B. occur to被想起；C. draw on利用；D. bring up提出，抚养。基于前文

88、分析可知，灾区的孩子们几乎买不起学习用品，根据后文“meeting other needs”可知，捐赠背包使他们能够着力于满足其他需求。故选A项。34考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到了买学校用品的时候，这位母亲担心自己没有足够的钱供两个孩子上学。A. inspired受启发的；B. concerned关注的，担心的；C. determined坚定的；D. scared害怕的。基于前文分析可知，灾区的孩子们几乎买不起学习用品，根据后文“she would not have enough money for her two children in school”可知，妈妈在担心没有足够的钱供孩子上学。

89、故选B项。35考查名词词义辨析。句意：多亏Good360的捐赠，两个孩子都收到了全新的背包。A. procedure程序；B. rescue营救；C. donation捐赠；D. power力量。根据前文“Good360 donated backpacks”及后文“both children received brand new backpacks”可知，两个孩子得到Good360的捐赠。故选C项。36causing37lives38started39is called40of41To figure42or43that44the45possibly【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无声地震

90、是什么样的地震以及科学家为预测这种地震所做的研究。36考查非谓语动词。句意：地震使岛屿的西部震动了，引起了海啸。句中有谓语shook，空处应用非谓语动词causing，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词，故填causing。37考查名词单复数。句意：那堵水墙倾泻到岸上，摧毁了城镇，夺走了成千上万的生命。由thousands of 可知，此处life应用复数形式lives，故填lives。38考查时态。句意：根据记录，那次地震始于1829年，持续了32年，但没有人感到一丝震动。空处和lasted是并列的谓语动词，由 in 1829可知，句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填started。39

91、考查时态和语态。句意：这种缓慢移动的地震被称为“无声地震”，因为没有仪器能够发现它们。空处在主句中做谓语，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语This kind of slow-moving earthquake 和动词call二者之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动，主语是单数，故填is called。40考查介词。句意：由于过去二十年 GPS 技术的进步，科学家们才开始发现它们。because of是固定搭配，意为“因为”，是介词短语，后面接名词，代词或动名词，而because是连词，后面接句子，该空后是名词短语，应用because of，故填of。41考查非谓语动词。句意：为了弄

92、清楚地下到底发生了什么，科学家们需要研究地震。空处是非谓语动词做状语，表示目的，且动词figure和主语scientists是主动关系，应用动词不定式做状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填To figure。42考查固定搭配。句意：每一次地震，无论大小，都可以告诉科学家未来地面会震动多大。either.or是固定搭配，意为“或者或者”，故填or。43考查定语从句。句意： 科学家们只需要准备好研究所有的地震。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为earthquakes，指物，在定语从句中做主语，且先行词前由all来修饰，只能用关系代词that来引导，故填that。44考查固定搭配。句意：这些无声的地震

93、发生在世界各地。all over the world是固定搭配，意为“世界各地”，故填the。45考查副词。句意：通过研究无声地震，科学家们希望更好地了解常规地震，并有可能预测它们。动词predict应用副词possibly来修饰，意为“可能地”，故填possibly。46Dear George,Im writing to invite you to attend a lecture about “How to survive an earthquake”, which will be held in our school hall next Monday. The relevant deta

94、ils are as follows.To begin with, an earthquake video will be presented, making us know the horrible result of an earthquake. Then the specialist will give us some guidelines for surviving an earthquake, such as how to signal for help if you are trapped. Though we cant stop earthquakes, the harm the

95、y bring us can be reduced if we do the right things.Looking forward to your coming.Yours,Li Hua【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份写邮件邀请外国朋友George参加以“How to survive an earthquake”为主题的讲座。【详解】1.词汇积累举办：holdhost首先：to begin withfirst of all参加：attendtake part in建议：lecturespeech2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：To begin with, an eart

96、hquake video will be presented, making us know the horrible result of an earthquake. 拓展句：To begin with, an earthquake video will be presented, whose aim is to make us know the horrible result of an earthquake.【点睛】【高分句型1】Im writing to invite you to attend a lecture about“How to survive an earthquake”

97、, which will be held in our school hall next Monday. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)【高分句型2】Then the specialist will give us some guidelines for surviving an earthquake, such as how to signal for help if you are trapped.(运用了if引导的条件状语从句）47One possible version:That frightening day finally arrived. As I entered t

98、he classroom, I kept trying to convince myself, “Just cheer up, OK? This cant be that bad. ” Now it was my turn. As I stood in front of the class, which was far away from my comfort zone, I kept repeating to myself, “Courage! Relax! Take it easy! Just perform your best! ” It turned out that I did su

99、ch a great job that all the students applauded my performance warmly.I left the classroom as if a heavy load had been lifted. Although that experience nearly killed me, I felt a great sense of personal accomplishment on my way home. I was so proud of myself and I frankly didnt care what anyone else

100、thought about my performance. What really mattered was that I had survived. Stepping out of your comfort zone will never be easy, but afterward youll always be glad you did it.【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者以亲身经历讲述了如何走出自己的舒适区。每个人都有自己的舒适区，在这个舒适区内，一切都是自己熟悉的，为自己所掌控的，所以会感觉很安全和放松。作者在大四的时候，因为少了几个学分，所以打算找点活动来修满学分。在看到声乐课上的私

101、人声乐指导时，想着何不跳出自己的舒适圈，于是报了名。但到期末时才知道自己要在众人面前唱歌，作者想逃避，但最后还是努力做到了。【详解】1.段落续写由第一段首句内容“那可怕的一天终于到来了。”可知，第一段可描述作者在众人面前唱歌当天发生的事。由第二段首句内容“我走出了教室，仿佛卸下了沉重的负担。”可知，第二段可描述作者完成了这一活动后的心里想法。2.续写线索：唱歌那天到来上台前的心理建设演唱唱完后的感想3.词汇激活行为类进入教室：enter the classroom / walk into the classroom / get into the classroom / come into th

102、e classroom称赞我的表演：applaud my performance/ clap their hands for my performance / praise me for my performance / compliment me on my performance情绪类放轻松、别紧张：take it easy / be relaxed / dont be nervous坦白地：frankly / frankly speaking / honestly / to be honest / forthrightly【点睛】【高分句型1】As I stood in front of the class, which was far away from my comfort zone, I kept repeating to myself(运用了as引导的时间状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)【高分句型2】I was so proud of myself and I frankly didnt care what anyone else thought about my performance.(运用了and连接的并列句和what引导的宾语从句)