Unit 4 单元综合检测-2022-2023学年高一英语必修第三册单元重难点易错题精练（译林2020）.docx

1、Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World单元综合检测（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1本试卷分第卷（选择题）和第卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2回答第卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。3回答第卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。4考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力（共30分，略）第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅

2、读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFour Books about Super ScientistsYoull find the lives of these top minds to be as inspiring as they are exciting in the following books.The Extraordinary Life of Alan TuringSecond World War code-breaker Alan Turing features on the Bank of Englands new 50 note as a com

3、puter pioneer. This biography follows him from his childhood as a quiet boy who loved maths to becoming one of the most important scientists in history.100 Scientists Who Made HistoryBringing together mini-biographies of 100 scientists and innovators, this book will give you an overview of the histo

4、ry of science. Including astronauts, biologists, chemists, coders, doctors and physicists, it features fun facts about everyone from Hippocrates and Leonardo da Vinci through to Marie Curie and Stephen Hawking.Rosalind Franklin: A Life StoryRosalind Franklin was the scientist whose contribution to a

5、 crucial discovery in DNA the chemical that tells your body how to grow and develop was not recognized until after her death. This book shines a light on the extraordinary story of her life and achievements, using timelines, illustrations and fascinating facts.40 Inspiring Icons: Super ScientistsEac

6、h part of this colourful illustrated book introduces you to a different “super scientist” and their discoveries. This is a fun and easy way to learn about all sorts of ideas, including Louis Pasteurs vaccinations and Ada Lovelaces invention of mysterious codes.1Whose contribution was recognised afte

7、r death?AMarie Curies.BLouis Pasteurs.CRosalind Franklins.DStephen Hawkings.2Which book will attract readers who are interested in computer science?ARosalind Franklin: A Life StoryB100 Scientists Who Made HistoryC40 Inspiring Icons: Super ScientistsDThe Extraordinary Life of Alan Turing3Where can th

8、e text probably be found?AIn a novel.BIn a magazine.CIn a biography.DIn a diary.BAll 50 states received final approval Tuesday to begin construction on a first nationwide network of EV charging stations (电车充电站) that places one roughly every 50 miles (80 kilometers) along interstate highways, part of

9、 the Biden administrations plan to encourage widespread use of zero-emission cars. The Transportation Department said it had OKd EV charger plans from a last set of 17 states, causing the release of $1. 5 billion in federal funds to all jurisdictions (权限) nationwide or $5 billion over five years to

10、build or upgrade chargers along 75, 000 miles (120, 000 kilometers) of highway from coast to coast, with a goal of 500, 000 EV chargers nationwide. Plans for the other 33 states and the District of Columbia were approved earlier this month. By years end, drivers could start seeing expansions and upg

11、rades to existing highway EV stations in states such as California, Colorado, Florida and Pennsylvania that now have at least four fast-charger ports, enabling EVs to fully recharge in about an hour. “America led the original car revolution in the last century, and . . . were prepared to lead in the

12、 21st century with electric vehicles,” said Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg. He said the plans will “help ensure that Americans in every part of the country can be positioned to unlock the savings and benefits of electric vehicles.”The approval is a major step toward building widespread acce

13、ptance and use of electric vehicles among consumers, who most often express unwillingness over EVs shorter range and limited use of public chargers. President Joe Biden has set a goal that 50% of new U. S. car sales be electric by 2030, and his administration touts (推销) new tax credits next year of

14、up to $7, 500 as making electric vehicles accessible for everyday Americans. Still, the five-year plans suggest a potentially long and rough road ahead for a highway EV network, with states saying risks such as a lack of electricity grid capacity (电网容量), supply chain shortages and equal rights conce

15、rns.4Whats the real purpose of the EV network plan?ATo unlock the advantages of EVs.BTo enable the spread of EV chargers.CTo make the government funds available to all states.DTo encourage the spread of environment-friendly EVs.5Paragraph 2 centers on _.Athe number of chargers to be builtBthe miles

16、of EV chargers to coverCthe approval of the charger plansDthe introduction of the whole plans6What may the following paragraph deal with?Aexamples of successful buildingBthe bright future of EV marketCpossible problems in some statesDthe impressive progress of the plan.7Which is the best tittle of t

17、he report?AAll 50 states can use EV chargers nowBStates get final OK to highway EV chargersCAdvantages and disadvantages of EVs.DA 5-year plan to promote EVs in the USACThe idea behind Facebook is to make us feel connected all the time. But in my research, Ive found that the truth is quite different

18、.Technology, it turns out, has made being alone seem like a problem that needs solving. When young people are alone, even for a minute or two, they feel the need to connect, to get on Facebook or some other social networks and chat. But in connecting, they often end up feeling more isolated. Why? Be

19、cause by being in constant (不断的) connection, they lose the ability to feel satisfied with their own company (独处).Sherry Turkle, a professor, says that Facebook can help us keep in touch with our friends, but we too often use it instead of spending face-to-face time with them. And since we feel the n

20、eed to keep up with them online, we dont have moments of loneliness where we can collect our thoughts and learn how to be comfortable being alone.Jane, a former student of mine, who is back in New York after living abroad for ten years, told me that Facebook helps her a lot. The first time she moved

21、 back to New York from abroad, she felt disconnected from her family and friends. Now, because of lots of photos and information updates (更新), she knows what is happening with her friends all the time.“In fact, if you are lonely in real life, you will be lonely online as well.”by Sree Sreenivasan, C

22、hief Digital Officer8The underlined word “isolated” in Paragraph 2 means “_”.AfreeBlonelyCcarelessDselfish9According to Sherry Turkle, we should_.Afeel satisfied with our lifeBavoid using social networksCkeep in touch with our friendsDenjoy moments of loneliness10Whats Janes attitude towards Faceboo

23、k?AHopeful.BDoubtful.CThankful.DRegretful.11The purpose of the text is to_.AeducateBdiscussCpersuadeDintroduceDFor decades, Frederick Banting and Charles Best were believed to have contributed to the discovery of insulin (胰岛素) between 1921 and 1922 at the University of Toronto (U of T). In 1923, the

24、 university created the Banting and Best Chair of Medical Research, followed by the Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and the Banting Institute (1930) and, in 1954, the Best Institute.However, the 1923 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded jointly to Banting and John J. R. Macleod. The p

25、hysiology professor, who headed up the laboratory where the research took place, had been much more involved in the research than was later acknowledged. After learning that Macleod was honoured alongside him rather than Best, Banting shared his prize money with Best. Macleod, meanwhile, split his s

26、hare of the prize with the fourth member of the team, J. Bertram Collip, a young biochemist from the University of Alberta. Collips essential contribution was producing a purified pancreatic extract (胰腺提取物), which was administered on Jan. 23, 1922, to Leonard Thompson, a 14-year-old patient at Toron

27、to General Hospital. That shot was the first successful human trial of insulin.Much of the early research on insulin took place in the old medical school building at U of T. Opened in 1903, it featured state-of-the-art technology, including facilities for animal research. But Banting, a war-time sur

28、geon, lecturer and medical researcher, was unimpressed. When he arrived in 1921, the operating room had lain unused for years and needed a thorough cleaning to make it usable. Located just below the buildings roof, it also became unbearably hot during the summer. Early laboratory testing took place

29、right there.In 1982, Michael Bliss, a history professor at U of T, restored Macleod and Collip to their rightful place as co-discoverers of insulin. In 1990, a new plaque (牌匾) acknowledging the cooperation was put up outside U of Ts current medical sciences building.12What can be learned about U of

30、T?AIt was established almost 100 years ago.BIt saw an important advance in medicine.CIt developed rapidly thanks to Banting and Best.DIt had close cooperation with Toronto General Hospital.13What might be Thompsons attitude towards Collip?ANegative.BDoubtful.CGrateful.DPitiful.14What probably made B

31、anting unimpressed by U of Ts medical school?Ainexperienced teammates.BTiring and endless tasks.CThe poor working environment.DThe unreasonable salary.15What is the text mainly about?AThe 1923 Nobel Prize in Medicine.BThe truth behind the discovery of insulin.CThe long history of U of T and its infl

32、uence.DThe deep friendship among several scientists.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to protect children Web fans from unsuitable material on-line while encouraging them to use the Internet has long been discussed in the US. _16_ . But jungles (丛林) contain wonde

33、rs as well as danger and with good guides, some education, and a few precautions (预防措施), the wilds of the Internet can be safely navigated (引导). “ _17_ . If we tell our kids they cant have access(机会)to the Internet, were cutting them off from their future,” said an expert.Most kids have started to u

34、se search engines (搜索引擎). Many of them are great for finding tons of interesting Internet sites, and they can also locate places where you might not want your kids to go. _18_ . A certain software contains only sites that have been selected as safe. But this cant be wholly reliable, and the best thi

35、ng parents can do is to talk to their kids and let them know what is OK or not OK to see or do on the Internet. _19_ .A few other tips: _20_ . That also makes the Internet more of a family activity.Ask your child what he or she has been doing and about any friends they make on-line. Tell your child

36、not to give on-line strangers personal information, especially like address and phone number. And tell your children never to talk to anyone they meet on-line over the phone, send them anything, accept anything from them or agree to meet with them unless you go along.AThere are search engines design

37、ed just for kids.BAnother way is that mum or dad is nearby when the child is surfing the Internet.CDont put the PC in a childs room but keep it in an area where mum or dad can keep an eye on things.DFor some parents, the Internet can seem like a jungle, filled with danger for their children.EMost ki

38、ds are taught to use search engines.FThe best way is to limit the time your children spent online.GKids have to be on-line第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible _21_ p

39、eople of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in. Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular _22_ of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel sta

40、rted to find a way to control it and make a _23_ explosive (爆炸物). After years of _24_, in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He _25_ his wealth from his 35

41、5 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important.When Alfreds brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper _26_ published Alfreds obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary,Nobel was _27_ to find out his public image. Then newspaper strongly _28_ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the

42、 nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became _29_ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.”To Alfred, this obituary was a(n) _30_. He spent his lifetime alone _31_ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. Th

43、is unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will. so as to _32_ his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last _33_, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great

44、_34_ to mankind in physics, chemistry,physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel _35_ 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes.21A.rememberingBhonouringCcreditingDnegating22AnatureBconductCflavourDbenefit23AdeadlyBbitterCusable.Dmild24Ai

45、nnovationsBeffortsChesitationDassociation25Abrought upBput upCbroke upDbuilt up26AmistakenlyBpurposefullyCunintentionallyDscientifically27AsatisfiedBrelievedCimpressedDdisappointed28ApraisedBblamedCappreciatedDfavoured29AgreedyBessentialCrichDsufficient30AerrorBwarningCthreatDconsequence31Adestroyin

46、gBinventingCcombiningDstimulating32AimproveBestablishCillustrateDsecure33ArequestBillustrationCwillDfortune34AchoicesBdecisionsCprofitsDcontributions35Agave awayBgave backCgave offDgave out第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In 2015, Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize. She was the f

47、irst Chinese female scientist _36_(award) the prize for her great contributions to medicine. Tu Youyou and her team discovered artemisinin, the worlds most _37_(effect) drug for fighting malaria. The drugs_38_(save) the lives of millions so far. When _39_(thank) the Committee for the honour, Tu Youy

48、ou said, “This is not only an honour for myself, but also _40_(recognise) of and encouragement for all scientists in China.”After graduating from Peking University Health Science Centre, Tu Youyou worked in China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and gained _41_ deep knowledge about traditional pr

49、actices. In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria. Across the world, scientists tested over 240,000 chemicals with no success. However, Tu Youyou had an idea _42_ Chinese herbs might hold the secret. She and her team used modern research methods to study these Chi

50、nese herbs one by one.This was not an easy work. However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they _43_ (eventual) found a promising chemical. They tested themselves and the test was a success. The medicine they discovered was artemisinin. In 2019, Tu Youyou _44_(select) by the BBC as one of the m

51、ost influential figures of science in the 20th century. _45_ her age, Tu Youyou continues to conduct research.第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46假定你是李华，你校英语报正在举办“The scientist I admire most”征文活动。请你用英语写一篇文章投稿，内容包括：1.概述我最敬佩的科学家2.他/她的杰出事迹3.我敬佩他/她的理由及他/她对我的影响注意：1.词数不少于80字；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯The scientist I adm

52、ire most_第二节（满分25分）47阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 For many years, I had a recurring dream. I was a little girl again, rushing about, trying to get ready for school.“Hurry, youll be late for school,” my mother called to me.“I am hurrying, Mom! What did I do with my books?”Deep i

53、nside I knew where the dream came from. It was about some unfinished business in my life. As a kid, I loved everything about school. I loved books, teachers, tests and homework. Most of all I longed to someday march down the aisle to receive my diploma. That seemed more appealing even than getting m

54、arried.But at 15, I had to drop out because my parents couldnt afford tuition. My hope of getting a diploma was dead, or so I thought. Pretty soon, I married and had three children, and I thought: “There goes my diploma.”Even so, I wanted my children to be educated. But Linda, our youngest child, ha

55、d juvenile arthritis in her hands and knees, which made it impossible for her to function in a normal classroom. I felt sorry for her and I didnt want her to live her life with regret. I didnt give up hope of her being back to school in some way.One day, I saw an ad in the newspaper for evening cour

56、ses. “Thats the answer,” I said to myself. Linda always feels better in the evening, so Ill just sign her up for night school.Linda was busy filling out enrollment forms when the secretary said: “Mrs. Schantz, why dont you come back to school?” I laughed: “Theres no way! Im 55!” But he persisted, an

57、d before I knew what I had done, I was enrolled for classes in English and crafts. “This is only an experiment,” I warned him, but he just smiled. So, I told myself to try for just a semester and to see if it would work. Anyway, my dream was still there in my heart.1. 写作词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作

58、答。Paragraph 1：It was exciting to go to school again but_Paragraph 2:Linda and I saw each other through the time._参考答案：1C2D3B【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本与顶级科学家相关的书籍。1细节理解题。根据标题“Rosalind Franklin: A Life Story”项下内容“Rosalind Franklin was the scientist whose contribution to a crucial discovery in DNA the chemica

59、l that tells your body how to grow and develop was not recognized until after her death. (Rosalind Franklin是一位科学家，她对DNA的重要发现作出了贡献告诉你的身体如何生长和发育的化学物质但直到她去世后才被承认。)”可知Rosalind Franklin的贡献在她去世后才被承认；故选C项。2细节理解题。根据标题“The Extraordinary Life of Alan Turing”项下内容“Second World War code-breaker Alan Turing featu

60、res on the Bank of Englands new 50 note as a computer pioneer. This biography follows him from his childhood as a quiet boy who loved maths to becoming one of the most important scientists in history. (第二次世界大战的密码破译员Alan Turing是英格兰银行新发行的50英镑钞票上的一位计算机先驱。这本传记记录了他从一个喜欢数学的安静的小男孩到成为历史上最重要的科学家之一的经历。)”可知这本书

61、是讲述一个历史上伟大的计算机科学家Alan Turing的事迹，故推知这本书会吸引对计算机科学感兴趣的读者；故选D项。3推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了四本与顶级科学家相关的书籍，让读者大致了解了每本书的主要内容和书中所记载的那些科学家及他们的发明；故推知本文可能出自于一篇杂志；故选B项。4D5C6C7B【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了美国准备开始建设首个全国范围内的电动汽车充电站网络，以及其相关的计划和困难。4推理判断题。根据第一段中“All 50 states received final approval Tuesday to begin construction on a f

62、irst nationwide network of EV charging stations that places one roughly every 50 miles (80 kilometers) along interstate highways, part of the Biden administrations plan to encourage widespread use of zero-emission cars.(所有50个州周二获得最终批准，开始建设首个全国范围内的电动汽车充电站网络，沿州际高速公路大约每50英里(80公里)设置一个充电站，这是拜登政府鼓励广泛使用零排放

63、汽车计划的一部分)”可推知，EV网络计划的真正目的是鼓励广泛使用环保汽车。故选D项。5主旨大意题。根据第二段中“The Transportation Department said it had OKd EV charger plans from a last set of 17 states, causing the release of $1.5 billion in federal funds to all jurisdictionsnationwide or $5 billion over five years to build or upgrade chargers along 75

64、, 000 miles (120, 000 kilometers) of highway from coast to coast, with a goal of 500, 000 EV chargers nationwide. Plans for the other 33 states and the District of Columbia were approved earlier this month.(运输部表示，它已经批准了17个州的电动汽车充电器计划，从而向全国所有司法管辖区发放了15亿美元的联邦资金也就是5年50亿美元用于在从东海岸到西海岸的7.5万英里(12万公里)高速公路上建

65、造或升级充电器，目标是在全国范围内安装50万个电动汽车充电器。其他33个州和哥伦比亚特区的计划在本月早些时候获得批准)”可知，第2段的中心是计划的批准。故选C。6推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, the five-year plans suggest a potentially long and rough road ahead for a highway EV network, with states saying risks such as a lack of electricity grid capacity, supply chain shortages and equal ri

66、ghts concerns.(尽管如此，五年计划表明，高速公路电动汽车网络的未来道路可能漫长而艰难，各州表示存在电网容量不足、供应链短缺和平等权利等风险)”可推知，接下来的段落应该讲述某些州可能存在问题。故选C项。7主旨大意题。根据第一段中“All 50 states received final approval Tuesday to begin construction on a first nationwide network of EV charging stations that places one roughly every 50 miles (80 kilometers) al

67、ong interstate highways, part of the Biden administrations plan to encourage widespread use of zero-emission cars.(所有50个州周二获得最终批准，开始建设首个全国范围内的电动汽车充电站网络，沿州际高速公路大约每50英里(80公里)设置一个充电站，这是拜登政府鼓励广泛使用零排放汽车计划的一部分)”可知，本文主要讲述了美国各州获得批准，开始建设高速公路充电站，所以B项“States get final OK to highway EV chargers(各州最终批准高速公路电动汽车充电

68、器)”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。8B9D10C11B【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了社交网络是否使人们变得越来越孤独。8词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Technology, it turns out, has made being alone seem like a problem that needs solving.(事实证明，科技让独处看起来像是一个需要解决的问题)”及划线词下一句“Because by being in constant(不断的) connection, they lose the ability to feel satisfied with their own c

69、ompany(独处).(因为与人保持联系，他们就失去了对自己的陪伴感到满足的能力)”可知，划线词所在句意为：但在联系中，他们往往会感到更加孤立，isolated指“孤独的”，故选B项。9细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And since we feel the need to keep up with them online, we dont have moments of loneliness where we can collect our thoughts and learn how to be comfortable being alone.(因为我们觉得有必要在网上跟上他们，我们就不会有

70、孤独的时刻，孤独时我们可以收集我们的想法，学习如何舒适地独处)”可知，Sherry Turkle认为我们应该学会享受孤独。故选D项。10推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Facebook helps her a lot(Facebook帮助了我很多)”及“Now, because of lots of photos and information updates(更新), she knows what is happening with her friends all the time.(现在，由于大量的照片和信息更新，她知道她的朋友们每时每刻都在发生什么)”可知，Jane认为Facebook帮助

71、了自己很多，她从Facebook里了解朋友们的生活，所以Jane对Facebook应该是充满感激之情。故选C项。11推理判断题。从本文贯穿始终的alone和lonely以及两位人士对社交网络Facebook的不同观点可知，本文对社交网络是否使人们变得越来越孤独进行了探讨。故选B项。12B13C14C15B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了胰岛素这一伟大发现背后的故事。12推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“For decades, Frederick Banting and Charles Best were believed to have contributed to the discove

72、ry of insulin (胰岛素) between 1921 and 1922 at the University of Toronto (U of T).”(几十年来，人们认为弗雷德里克班廷和查尔斯贝斯特对1921年至1922年间多伦多大学发现胰岛素做出了贡献。)可知，多伦多大学见证了医学的重要进步。故选B。13推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“Collips essential contribution was producing a purified pancreatic extract (胰腺提取物), which was administered on Jan. 23, 1922,

73、 to Leonard Thompson, a 14-year-old patient at Toronto General Hospital. That shot was the first successful human trial of insulin.”(科利普的主要贡献是生产了一种纯化的胰腺提取物，并于1922年1月23日给多伦多总医院的14岁病人伦纳德汤普森服用。那一针是第一次成功的胰岛素人体试验。)可知，汤普森对科利普的态度可能是感恩的。故选C。14细节理解题。根据第三段第四句和第五句“When he arrived in 1921, the operating room ha

74、d lain unused for years and needed a thorough cleaning to make it usable. Located just below the buildings roof, it also became unbearably hot during the summer.”(当他1921年来到这里时，手术室已经闲置多年，需要彻底清洁才能使用。它位于大楼屋顶下方，夏天的时候也热得难以忍受。)可知，可能是糟糕的工作环境让班廷对多伦多大学的医学院不感兴趣。故选C。15主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“For decades, Frederick Bant

75、ing and Charles Best were believed to have contributed to the discovery of insulin (胰岛素) between 1921 and 1922 at the University of Toronto (U of T).”(几十年来，人们认为弗雷德里克班廷和查尔斯贝斯特对1921年至1922年间多伦多大学发现胰岛素做出了贡献。)，第二段第一句“However, the 1923 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded jointly to Banting and John J. R.

76、Macleod.”(然而，1923年的诺贝尔医学奖是由班廷和约翰JR麦克劳德共同获得的。)，第三段第一句“Much of the early research on insulin took place in the old medical school building at U of T.”(很多早期的胰岛素研究都是在多伦多大学的旧医学院大楼里进行的。)和最后一段“In 1982, Michael Bliss, a history professor at U of T, restored Macleod and Collip to their rightful place as co-d

77、iscoverers of insulin. In 1990, a new plaque (牌匾) acknowledging the cooperation was put up outside U of Ts current medical sciences building.”(1982年，多伦多大学的历史学教授迈克尔布利斯恢复了麦克劳德和科利普作为胰岛素共同发现者的应有地位。1990年，一个新的牌匾被挂在了T大学现在的医学大楼外面，以表彰双方的合作。)可知，文章主要是讲述了发现胰岛素背后的真相。故选B。16D17G18A19B20C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对于怎样让孩子安全健康上网

78、提出了一些建议。16后文“But jungles (丛林) contain wonders as well as danger and with good guides, some education, and a few precautions (预防措施), the wilds of the Internet can be safely navigated (引导). (但丛林中既包含着奇迹，也包含着危险，只要有好的向导、一些教育和一些预防措施，就可以安全地在互联网的荒野中航行。)”说明互联网的丛林中既有奇迹也有危险，一定要正确引导。选项D“对于一些父母来说，互联网就像一个丛林，对他们的孩

79、子来说充满了危险。”把互联网比作对孩子充满危险的丛林，引出下文。选项中jungle和下文jungles词汇重叠，语义一致，故选D项。17上文“If we tell our kids they cant have access(机会)to the Internet, were cutting them off from their future.(如果我们告诉我们的孩子他们不能有上网的机会，我们就切断了他们与未来的联系。)”说明不能切断孩子和未来的联系，孩子是有必要上网的。选项G“孩子们必须上网”说明孩子上网是必要的，引出下文。语义一致，故选G项。18上文“Many of them are gr

80、eat for finding tons of interesting Internet sites, and they can also locate places where you might not want your kids to go. (他们中的许多人都可以找到大量有趣的网站，他们也可以找到你可能不希望你的孩子去的地方。)”说明有一些不希望儿童进入的网站，选项A“有专门为儿童设计的搜索引擎。”承接上文，和上文存在因果关系，因为人们不希望儿童进入某些网站，所以提醒人们有专门为儿童设计的搜索引擎。故选A项。19上文“A certain software contains only

81、sites that have been selected as safe. But this cant be wholly reliable, and the best thing parents can do is to talk to their kids and let them know what is OK or not OK to see or do on the Internet. (某些软件只包含被选为安全的站点。但这并不是完全可靠的，父母能做的最好的事情就是和他们的孩子交谈，让他们知道在互联网上看什么或做什么是可以的，不可以的。)”介绍了让孩子安全上网的一种方法专门的搜索引

82、擎可进入安全网站，选项B“另一种方法是，当孩子上网时，妈妈或爸爸就在附近。”承接上文，介绍另一种让孩子安全上网的方法。故选B项。20下文“That also makes the Internet more of a family activity. (这也使得互联网更像是一种家庭活动。)”说明以上建议使得互联网像一种家庭活动，选项C“不要把电脑放在孩子的房间里，而是放在爸爸妈妈能看到的地方”建议把电脑放在父母能看到的地方，和下文有因果关系，因为把电脑放在父母能看到的地方，父母就能看着孩子上网，或一起上网，所以互联网就更像一种家庭活动。故选C项。21B22A23C24B25D26A27D28B2

83、9C30B31B32A33C34D35A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，却因此受到了人们的诟病，为了提升自己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖用来奖励在物理、化学、医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。21考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰了世界各地在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。A. remembering记得；B. honouring尊敬、表彰；C. crediting相信；D. negating否认。根据最后一段“In 1895, one year before his death, No

84、bel made the last _13_, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great _14_ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔奖是用来表彰这些杰出的人。故选B。22考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药

85、。A. nature自然、性质；B. conduct行为、举动；C. flavour味道；D. benefit利益。根据空后的“exploding under pressure or heat”可知，这是硝酸甘油的性质。故选A。23考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. deadly致命的；B. bitter苦涩的；C. usable可用的；D. mild温和的。根据下文的“in1867, the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite (炸药), which is muc

86、h easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin.”可知，诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。故选C。24考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、更安全的炸药。A. innovations创新；B. efforts努力；C. hesitation犹豫；D. association协会。根据上文“Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a _3_ explosive (爆炸物).”可知，诺贝尔是开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。

87、所以他是在为制造炸药而努力。故选B。25考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的。A. brought up抚养长大；B. put up张贴、提供食宿；C. broke up结束、关系破裂；D. built up建立、积累。根据空后的“his wealth”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选D。26考查副词词义辨析。句意：1888年阿尔弗雷德的弟弟路德维希去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A. mistakenly错误地；B. purposefully故意地；C. unintentionally无意地；D. scientifically科学地。根

88、据上文“When Alfreds brother Ludwig died in 1888”可知，是诺贝尔的弟弟过世而不是诺贝尔过世，所以报纸是刊登错了。故选A。27考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. satisfied满意的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. impressed有印象的；D. disappointed失望的。通过下文“Then newspaper strongly _8_ Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death”

89、and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became _9_ by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.”可知，媒体对诺贝尔的评价很糟糕，所以诺贝尔读着自己的讣告时，是感到失望。故选D。28考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. praised表扬；B. blamed责备；C. appreciated欣赏、感激；D. f

90、avoured偏爱。根据下文“giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death”可知，报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。故选B。29考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. greedy贪婪的；B. essential必要的；C. rich富裕的；D. sufficient充分的。根据上文“He _5_ his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite

91、was the most important.”可知，诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富有。故选C。30考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这篇讣告是一个警告。A. error错误；B. warning警告；C. threat威胁；D. consequence结果 。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alone _11_ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言这次讣告是个警告。故选B。31考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明东西，他非

92、常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A. destroying破坏；B. inventing发明；C. combining结合；D. stimulating刺激。根据上文“During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives.”可知，他一生都在发明东西。故选B。32考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱。以改善他的公众形象，并因一项美好的事业而被铭记。A. improve提升；B. establish建立；C. illustrate说明；D. secure安全的。根据上文“He spent his lifet

93、ime alone _11_ things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered.”可知，他很在意自己的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选A。33考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. request请求；B. illustration说明、阐述；C. will意志、遗嘱；D. fortune命运、财富。根据下文“saying clearly that

94、 his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great _14_ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，他在去世前一年应该是立了遗嘱。故选C。34考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. choices选择；B. decis

95、ions决定；C. profits利润；D. contributions贡献。根据第一段“The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible _1_ people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.”可知，表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选D。35考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%来创立五项诺贝尔奖。A. gave aw

96、ay赠送、背叛；B. gave back归还；C. gave off散发；D. gave out分发、公布。根据上文“saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great _14_ to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔捐赠了大多数财产。故选A。36to be awarded37effective38have

97、 saved39thanking40recognition41a42that43eventually44was selected45Despite【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家屠呦呦对医学做出的巨大贡献。虽然失败过很多次，但仍坚持研究，最终发现了世界上最有效的抗疟疾药物青蒿素。36考查非谓语动词。句意：她是第一位因对医学做出巨大贡献而被授予这个奖项的中国女科学家。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填非谓语动词来作定语，修饰scientist，且scientist前有序数词the first修饰，作定语的非谓语动词要用不定式结构。结合句意，award“授予，颁发”与scientist之间为逻辑上

98、的动宾关系，故用被动形式。故填to be awarded。37考查形容词。句意：屠呦呦和她的团队发现了青蒿素，这是世界上最有效的抗疟疾药物。根据空格前的the worlds most可知，空格处应填入形容词来构成最高级，修饰名词drug。Effect意为“作用，效果，影响”，其形容词变形为effective，意为“有效的”。故填effective。38考查时态和主谓一致。句意：迄今为止，这些药物已经挽救了数百万人的生命。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语so far“到目前为止，迄今为止”，该句应用现在完成时态，且主语是复数名词drugs，故用have+done结构。故填hav

99、e saved。39考查非谓语动词。句意：屠呦呦在感谢委员会授予的荣誉时说：“这不仅是我自己的荣誉，也是对所有中国科学家的认可和鼓励。”分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作状语，且thank“感谢”与句子主语Tu Youyou之间为逻辑上主谓关系，故用现在分词表主动关系。故填thanking。40考查名词。句意：屠呦呦在感谢委员会授予的荣誉时说：“这不仅是我自己的荣誉，也是对所有中国科学家的认可和鼓励。”根据not onlybut also连接并列结构可知，空格处与名词honour“荣誉，荣耀”并列作表语，所以空格处应填入名词。recognise意为“承认，认可，识别”，其名词变形为re

100、cognition，意为“承认，认可”，且表示抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填recognition。41考查冠词。句意：从北京大学医学院毕业后，屠呦呦在中国中医科学院工作，对传统医学有了深入的了解。分析句子结构可知，deep knowledge作gained的宾语，故空格处应填入冠词起限定作用。结合句意可知，是关于传统医学这一方面的知识，故用不定冠词。故填a。42考查同位语从句引导词。句意：然而，屠呦呦有个想法，中草药可能隐藏着这个秘密。分析句子结构可知，空格前后均为完整的句子。结合句意，空格后的句子用来解释说明idea的具体内容，是同位语从句，且从句不缺成分，意义完整。故填that。43考查副

101、词。句意：然而，在几百次失败的实验之后，他们最终发现了一种很有希望的化学品。分析句子结构可知，空格处用来修饰动词found，故用副词。eventual为形容词，意为“最终的”，其副词形式为eventually，意为“最终，结果”。故填eventually。44考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：2019年，屠呦呦被英国广播公司评选为20世纪最具影响力的科学人物之一。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句子中作谓语，根据时间状语In 2019可知，时态为一般过去时。Select意为“选择，挑选，选拔”，结合句意，屠呦呦是被选为最具影响力的科学人物之一，故用被动语态be+done的结构，主语为第三人称单数，be动

102、词应用was。故填was selected。45考查介词。句意：尽管年纪大了，屠呦呦仍在继续进行研究。根据名词短语her age可知，空格处应填入介词与其构成介宾结构。结合句意，前面提到她年纪大，后面说她仍在继续研究，故前后为转折关系。介词despite意为“尽管，即使”符合题意。故填Despite。46The scientist I admire mostFor this topic, different people may have different ideas. Among all the scientists, I admire Yuan Longping most, who is

103、 the person with willingness to serve the country.In my opinion, Yuan Longping is an excellent person. As a top scientist in the world, Mr. Yuan lived a very simple life, but his contributions were invaluable to the field of science and agriculture. Without him and his team, there would still be mil

104、lions of people having to face the threat of hunger. He devoted his whole life to his country and people, and even to the world.So we should learn from Mr. Yuan. Love our country and serve our people.【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写题为“我最敬佩的科学家”的短文投稿，参加征文活动。【详解】1.词汇积累想法：ideaview 不同的：differentvarious优秀的：excellen

105、t outstanding献身于：devote oneself tobe committed to2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：In my opinion, Yuan Longping is an excellent person拓展句：In my opinion, Yuan Longping is an excellent person that deserves everyones admiration.【点睛】【高分句型1】Among all the scientists, I admire Yuan Longping most, who is the person with will

106、ingness to serve the country with heart and soul.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】Without him and his team, there would still be millions of people having to face the threat of hunger. （运用了虚拟语气）47Paragraph 1:It was exciting to go to school again but it was no game. Sitting in a classroom full of kids was a

107、wkward, even if most of them were respectful and encouraging. During the day, I was still a busy married woman having loads of housework to do. In the evening, I was a hardworking student working on my courses. To my surprise, both Linda and I did very well in night school. I went back again the nex

108、t semester, and my grades steadily improved.Paragraph 2:Linda and I saw each other through the time. When I was down, Linda encouraged me. “Mom, you cant quit now!” And when she was down, I encouraged her. I have to say it was a time which was really hard on both of us. But neither of us gave up. At

109、 last, I got my diploma. To my surprise, almost all of my classmates voted for me to be class speaker, and I got a $3,000 college scholarship. The unfinished business in my dreams was eventually finished.【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者15岁时因为父母付不起学费，不得不退学，后来结了婚生了三个孩子。作者在为最小的孩子琳达报夜校的时候，自己也打算尝试一个学期，但作者坚持了下来并最终取得了

110、毕业证书，实现了自己的学业梦想。【详解】1.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“再去上学是令人兴奋的，但这不是游戏。”可知，第一段可描写作者去上学时的感受和学业进步情况。由第二段首句内容“琳达和我经常见面。”可知，第二段可描写作者和琳达是如何互相鼓励的，以及作者最后如何取得了毕业证书的。2.续写线索：感到兴奋白天做家务晚上上学成绩稳步提高和琳达互相鼓励取得毕业证书3.词汇激活行为类充满：be full of / be filled with回去：go back /return完成：finish /complete情绪类尴尬：awkward /embarrassed惊讶：surprise /astonishment【点睛】高分句型1 Sitting in a classroom full of kids was awkward, even if most of them were respectful and encouraging. (运用了现在分词作状语)高分句型2 When I was down, Linda encouraged me. (运用了when引导时间状语从句)