【春季课外拓展】10:句子翻译(2) 应用文写作-2022年高二春季课外拓展精品讲义15讲(上海).docx
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1、 第十讲 句子翻译+应用文类作文 词汇打卡考纲词汇默写101.蜜月n.honeymoon2.可尊敬的adj. honorable3.地平线n. horizon4.人质n. hostage5.飓风,暴风雨n. hurricane6.氢 n.hydrogen7.识别;鉴定n. identification8.无知n. ignorance9.非法的adj. illegal10.显示,说明v.illustrate11.虚构的adj. imaginary12.移民,侨民n. immigrant13.工具,用具n. implement14.壮观的,不凡的adj. imposing15.不完整的adj. i
2、ncomplete16.为向退休工人们表示敬意in honor of( the) retired workers17.因帮助他人而受到嘉奖be honored for helping others18.渴望和平 hope for peace19.拓宽视野broaden one s horizons20.家喻户晓 be known to every household21.对大致了解have/get a general/rough idea of.22.身份证identification card/identity card/ID card23.对电子产品一无所知be ignorant of e
3、lectronic products24.激发某人的想象力stimulate ones imagination25.想象某人做某事imagine sb/sb doing sth26.对产生重大影响have/make a great impact on27.某事给某人留下深刻印象sth deeply impresses sb28.给某人留下的印象leave/have/make a impression on29.高收人 a big income30.不依赖父母 be independent of parents1.行业;勤奋n. industry2.不可避免的adj.inevitable3.有影
4、响的adj.influential4.提供信息的adj. informative5.居民n. inhabitant6.继承vt. inherit7.清白的adj. innocent8.改革;创新n. innovation9.天性;直觉n.instinct10.仪器n. instrument11.智力;理解力n. intellect12.聪颖的adj. intelligent13.侵入者n. intruder14.诱人的adj. inviting15.羡慕的adj. jealous16.被传染疾病 be infected with diseases17.A在某方面劣于B A be inferio
5、r to B in18.对的(潜移默化)影响很大have a great influence on/influence sb on sth19.通知某人某事 inform sb of sth20.坚持主张待在家里insist on staying at home21.鼓舞某人做某事inspire sb to do sth22.知识产权 intellectual property23.打算做某事 intend to do24.旨在做某事be intended to do/for sth25.对感兴趣have/ take/ show (an) interest in sth/be interest
6、ed in sth26.把番茄引入中国introduce tomatoes to/into China27.邀请某人参加聚会invite sb to a party28.卷入这场争论be involved in the argument29.使与隔离 isolate sb from30.觉得做某事是不可能的feel/ think it impossible to do sth专题精选一、翻译步骤审题读全中文,看清所给词。翻译找准主干,选对句型(避免中文式英语),注意灵活意译。检查检查单词的拼写、大小写和标点符号;名词的单复数;动词的时态、语态和主谓一致;句子的完整性。二、翻译原则1、信:清晰准
7、确(从整体上把握句子结构,抓住主谓宾)e.g. 是否在黄浦江上再建一座大桥,委员们意见不一。 (agree) The committee cant agree on whether to build another bridge over Huangpu River. 【解析】要先从整体上分析句子结构,找到主语是“委员们”,因此“是否在黄浦江上再建一座大桥”是宾语从句,很多同学会错当成主语从句。2、达:通畅明白(避免生涩翻译,用简单的词和短语)e.g. 我发现很难和那些固执己见的人合作。 (it) I find it difficult to cooperate with those who
8、always stick to their own opinions.【解析】“固执己见stubborn”这个词不易想到,而且容易拼错,可以用“always stick to ones opinion”替代。3、雅:简明优雅(避免从句繁复,多使用形容词、介词短语或分词结构)e.g. 这款手机的式样新颖,携带方便,深受年轻人的欢迎。 (popular) The mobile phone is fashionable in style and convenient to carry, so it is very popular with the young people.【解析】“款式新颖,携带方
9、便”不用翻译成“whose style is fashionable and it is convenient to carry”,这样会显得从句繁复;可以直接替代为“fashionable in style and convenient to carry”简洁明了。三、翻译考点考察点常考用法举例高考真题例句词汇stand; cost; witness; .每位设计师都希望自己的作品能经受时间的考验。(stand)Every designer hopes that his work can stand the test of time.词组be accustomed to; be expose
10、d to;be committed to; .你书看得越多,就越有可能接触到不同的文化。(expose)The more you read, the more likely you are to be exposed to different cultures.成语按部就班: as planned /step by step翘首以盼: look forward to立竿见影:haveaneffective and immediate effect有人声称这种减肥药丸效果显著,立竿见影,且对身体无害,但事实远非如此。(It)It isclaimedthatweight-losspills hav
11、eaneffective and immediate effectand are harmless/ do no harmtoour body, but it isfar fromthetruth /case.时态语态常考时态:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。常考语态:主动和被动语态。(若句子无主语一般用被动)在过去的三年中他一直致力于研究信息的传播速度和人们生活节奏之间的关系。(commit)In / During / Over the past three years, he has c
12、ommitted himself / has been committed all the time to researching / studying the relationship / connection between the transmission speed of information and the rhythm / pace of human life.申请材料需精心准备,这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确的了解。(in order that)The application should be carefully prepared in order that th
13、e school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities.定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在展览会上,公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate)At the exhibition, the companys sales manager demonstrated the new type of electronic toys (which/that) children were looking forward to.名词性从句主语从句(注意it作形式主语)、
14、宾语从句(注意it作形式宾语)、表语从句、同位语从句能否抵御网络游戏的诱惑是摆在中学生面前的一道难题。(It)It is a difficult problem for high school students whether they can resist the temptation of online games.状语从句时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、比较、让步、条件状语从句你的网站内容越实用,使用起来越方便,就越有可能成功。(the morethe more)The more practical and user-friendly your website is, the mor
15、e likely it will succeed. 我们一致同意一旦得出调查结论,就尽早让公众知晓。(once)We all agree that once the conclusion of the investigation is drawn, it will be make known to the public as soon as possible.强调句It is/was.that.正因为她按部就班地实现了每一个短期目标,才会在科学领域不断有所突破。(It)It was because she reached every short-term goal as planned /st
16、ep by step that she kept breaking through in the field of science.倒装句全部倒装和部分倒装她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目,就立志加入野生动物保护组织。(No sooner)No sooner had she finished watching that programme about those extinct species, than she decided to join the Wildlife Conservation Organization.情态动词can;may;must;should;will.她们中谁可
17、能当过排球教练?(may)Who may have been a volleyball coachamong them?it作形式主语或宾语It is+adj for/of sb to doIt is +n to dofind/make it adj/n to do保护环境是每个公民的职责。(It.)It is the duty of every citizen to protect our environment.我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。(it)I find it (is) hard to cooperate with those who always stick to the
18、ir own opinions.非谓语动名词、不定式、分词看到奶奶有些睡意,他拉上窗帘并把电视的音量调低了。(turn)Seeing Grandma a little sleepy, he drew the curtains and turned the TV down.我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。(accustomed)Im accustomed to listening to some light music before sleep.感叹句How+adj/adv+主+谓!What+a/an+adj+n+主+谓!如果有朝一日,学生能亲自参与到课程开发中,那该有多棒啊!(involve) How
19、great it is if one day students can be involved in the development of courses on their own! 72. 足不出户,你就可以在网上逛遍全球各大博物馆。(without)(汉译英)【答案】You can visit all the major museums around the world online without even leaving your home.【详解】考查介词和固定搭配。分析汉语句意可知,本句需用you“你”作主语,谓语动词为can visit“能参观”,其后接宾语all the maj
20、or museums“各大博物馆”,around the world 全球,作状语,online网上,作地点状语, without没有,其后接动名词作宾语,leaving your home足不出户,动名词作介词without的宾语,even加强语气,句首单词首字母需大写。再结合其它提示。故翻译为You can visit all the major museums around the world online without even leaving your home.73. 多亏了社会各界人士的慷慨解囊,这个孤儿院才得以在今年年初办了起来。(found) (汉译英)【答案】Thanks
21、 to the generous donation made by people from all walks of life, the orphanage was founded early this year.【详解】考查固定短语、时态语态和非谓语动词。根据句意“多亏了”可知短语为thanks to;表示“社会各界人士”短语为all walks of life;表示“慷慨解囊”短语为the generous donation,后跟过去分词短语作后置定语;表示“孤儿院”应用单数名词orphanage作主语,表示“建立,创办”应用动词found作谓语,且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,事情发生在过
22、去,故应用一般过去时的被动语态。故翻译为Thanks to the generous donation made by people from all walks of life, the orphanage was founded early this year.74. 消防队员们不仅营救了事故现场的工人,还成功阻止了有毒气体的蔓延。(Not only) (汉译英)【答案】Not only did the firefighters save the workers at the scene of the accident, but also they successfully prevent
23、ed the poisonous gas from spreading.【详解】考查连词,倒装和时态。根据汉语提示可知,本句需用并列连词not onlybut also“不但.而且.”,not only引导并列句置于句首时用部分倒装,因为表示过去发生的事情,所以此处需用助动词did,其后接主语 the firefighters“消防队员”, save “营救”,作谓语,at the scene of the accident“在事故现场”,介词短语作后置定语,修饰名词workers(save的宾语);but also连接的并列句的主语是they,指代消防队员,谓语动词为prevented,该词
24、相关短语preventfrom doing sth.“阻止.做某事.”;successfully“成功地”,副词作状语修饰动词prevented,the poisonous gas“有毒气体”,作prevented的宾语,介词from后需接spread“蔓延”的动名词形式作宾语。再结合其他汉语提示,故答案为Not only did the firefighters save the workers at the scene of the accident, but also they successfully prevented the poisonous gas from spreading
25、.75. 各国应基于大会上所达成的共识,加强全球合作,共同应对人类面临的挑战。(base) (汉译英)【答案】All the countries should boost global cooperation to jointly address the challenges facing mankind, based on the agreement reached at the conference.【详解】考查动词、名词和过去分词。表达“加强”应用动词boost;表达“全球合作”应用名词global cooperation,做宾语;表达“共同应对人类面临的挑战”应用动词不定式,to jo
26、intly address the challenges facing mankind,表目的;表达“基于”应用过去分词,based on,作状语。故翻译为All the countries should boost global cooperation to jointly address the challenges facing mankind, based on the agreement reached at the conference。1. 你没必要凡事亲力亲为。(need n.) 【2020静安二模】 2. 少喝含糖的饮料,否则你会容易发胖。(or) 【2018春考】3. 我们
27、看似正常的行为也许会冒犯其他地方的人。(seem)【2020嘉定二模】4. 重要的是目前这个免费配送服务向全体顾客开放。(available)【2018静安二模】5. 练的越多,你的钢琴弹的就越好。(the more)6. 是我的志愿者经历让我被这所大学录取了。(It)7. 尽管这些产品价格昂贵,但它们经久耐用,永不过时。 (as)【2020金山二模】8. 有可能防止金融危机将来再次发生吗? (possible)9. 面对紧急情况时,他是多么的冷静啊!(How)【2020奉贤一模】10. 后悔虚度光阴有意义吗?(point) 【2020普陀一模】【答案】1. There is no need
28、for you to do everything by yourself / on your own.2. Dont think too much sugary drinks/ sugared beverages, or it is easy for you to gain weight. 3. A behavior that seems normal to us is likely to/may offend people elsewhere. /What seems to be a normal behavior may offend people elsewhere.4. What ma
29、tters is that the current free delivery service is available to all the customers.5. The more you practice, the better you will play the piano.6. It was my volunteer experience that helped me to be admitted by the university. 7. Expensive as these products are, they last long and never go out of sty
30、le. 8. Is it possible to stop/keep/prevent a financial crisis from happening/occurring again in the future?9. How calm he was when (he was) faced with emergent situations/the emergency!10. Is there any point regretting wasting/ having wasted time?专题精选 应用文类作文应用文是一种与日常生活、学习或工作密切相关, 实用性很强的文体, 包括书信(或电子邮
31、件)等, 每种类别的应用文都有各自的结构和行文特点。(一)书信类应用文写作结构 第一段:表明写作意图。 第二段:就意图展开(如:投诉产品或服务特点列举建议或解决措施表明观点的理由)第三段:提出要求,希望对方考虑你的想法。(二)书信类应用文主要分类1. 投诉信:(1)写作结构指导:开头:称呼。第一段:开门见山地说明意图倌的开头要交代事由。第二段:投诉产品或服务,可看重对比反差即产品或服务应该如何或在广告中被宣传成什么效果而实际并非如此。第三段:提出要求及解决办法。结尾;结束语和署名。(2)常用句型 I am writing to complain about 我写信投诉 I am disappo
32、inted to find that things were quite the opposite. 我很失望地发现情况完全相反。 Since I have suffered a lot both physically and psychologically, I demand that you refund the cost and solve the problems as soon as possible. 我的身心皆遭受伤害,因此我坚决要求你们退还所有费用并尽快解决此问题。 If you do not do this, I will complain to the consumer c
33、ouncil and resort to law. 如果你们不按我的要求去做,我将会向消费者协会投诉并诉诸法律。2. 申请信:(1)写作结构指导第一段:表明自己对某个工作或职位感兴趣,并提出申请。第二段:介绍相关的个人信息,主要包括你具备了什么样的素质来胜任这份工作和你为什么想得到这份工作。第三段:提出要求,希望对方考虑你的申请。 (2)常用句型 In answer to your advertisement. I wish to apply for 看到你们的招聘广告,我希望申请 Your advertisement offers a most tempting job to a young
34、 man just out of college. 你们的招聘广告提供了一份十分吸引刚出校门的年轻人的工作。 Id like to apply for the position advertised in 我想申请在上刊登的这一职位。 Im rather keen on 我对很感兴趣。 Ive beensince 自从以来,我一直在 I have the education and the experience that fit well with your advertised position. 我所受的教育和经历适合你们招聘的职位。 I have a personality that i
35、s cheerful and optimistic.我的个性开朗又乐观。 I did well at school and I have got impressive letters of recommendation from my professors. 我在校学习很好并且有教授肯定的推荐信。I would be grateful if you could consider my application. I am looking forward to your reply. 如果您能考虑我的申请,我将不胜感激。我期待您的回信。I am available for the intervie
36、w at your convenience. Please contact me at the above address or call me. 在您方便之时我随时恭候你的面试。请按照上述地址联系或者给我电话。3. 邀请信:(1)写作结构指导邀请信包括宴会,舞会,晚餐,婚礼等等各种邀请信件,形式上大体分为两种:一种为正规格式亦称为请柬,一种为非正式格式,即一般的邀请信。虽然一般邀请信在形式上不如请柬那样正规,但是要求叙事一定要清楚、明白。(2)常用句型写作目的:发出邀请It gives me the greatest pleasure to invite you to Its my plea
37、sure/a great honor for me to invite you toIm writing to invite you toId like to invite you to说明事由及活动地点和时间:Will you and Mrs. Smith give the pleasure of dining with us at the Beijing Hotel on Sunday, October 10th, at eight oclock?There will be a dinner party to be held at the Beijing Hotel on Sunday,
38、October 10th, at eight oclock. Will you and Mrs. Smith come and join us?I hope that you have no previous engagement and can join us for the English Evening at 7:00 p.m. on Feb. 1st.表示期待和感谢:I do hope that you will be able to come.We should be very pleased if you could honor us with your company.We sh
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