一轮复习 词汇单词详解H1（插图版）.docx

1、单词详解H-1（插图版）gross adj.总的；粗鲁的;荒唐的n.总量；总额 vt.总共赚得 adv.总共地 gross income 总收入 gross fog浓雾 The gross national product had increased 5 percent last year. 去年的国民生产总值提高了百分之五。 That is a gross distortion of the truth. 这是对真相的荒唐歪曲。 You can tell from his gross language that the man was uneducated. 从他那粗俗的语言可以看出，这个人

2、没受过教育。 The new movie grossed an estimated $36.4 million at the box office. 这部新电影总共收获了3640万美元的票房成绩。 He earned $60,000 gross. 他总共赚了6万美元。注意：gross用作形容词的基本意思是“臃肿的”,也可作“粗俗的,粗野的”“总的,全部的”“显而易见的,显然恶劣的”等解。作“总的,全部的”解时无比较等级。guard v.看守；守卫；提防 n.警戒；哨兵；防护装置；警卫；【体】后卫 The dog guarded the house against strangers. 狗守卫着

3、房屋，不让陌生人进去。 A sentry stood on guard at the corner. 一个哨兵在角落里站岗。 The guard unlocked the cuffs of the prisoner. 警卫打开了囚犯的手铐。 His guard was down.他放松了警惕。off (ones) guard 毫无防备 unprepared for an attack or a mistake He struck me while I was off guard.他乘我不备打了我。on ones guard 警惕 prepared for an attack, a surpri

4、se or a mistake 防备 defence sb/sth I should certainly be on my guard if I were you.我要是你肯定会保持警惕。 Be on your guard against thieves.当心小偷。注意：1. guard意为为防御而进行警戒,可指 “守卫”以防外敌侵入,或 “看守”以防内部人外逃。2. guard多用作及物动词,宾语通常是人,宾语后常接介词from表示“保护某人或 某物不受”; 偶尔也可用作不及物动词,与against连用表示“避免”“预防”。3. guarded常用作形容词,在句中可作表语,意为“审慎的”“严

5、守的”。4. guard用作不可数名词时,指抽象的的行为,可作“守卫”“警戒”。guard用作可数名词时,意思是“卫兵”“哨兵”“警卫人员” “防护装置”。5. guard既可作个体名词,也可作集合名词。用作集合名词作主语时,根据上下文选择谓语单复数形式。(the) Guards是“(英国)皇家禁卫军”的意思。halt n.停止；止步 v.停止；中止；暂停 v.踌躇；犹豫；跛行 The officer called a halt to attacks. 那个军官下令停止进攻。 Its about time we called a halt to all this senseless argui

6、ng.现在正是我们停止一切无谓争论的时候了。 No one can halt the advance of history. 谁也阻挡不了历史的前进。注意：halt用作名词时意为“停止”,转化为动词意为“使停止”“制止”,多指骤然有力、果 断地、暂时地终止。hammer n.锤；榔头 vi.锤击；反复敲打 vt.锤打；严厉批评 He hit the nail into the wall with a hammer. 他用一把锤子把钉子打进墙里去。 He hammered at the door with his fist.他用拳头连续不断地敲门。 Her latest movie was ha

7、mmered by the critics. 她最近的一部电影遭到评论家的批评。 His entire collection will come under the hammer at next weeks sale.他的全部收藏品将在下周的拍卖会上被拍卖。注意：1. hammer意思是“锤打”,指用锤子或类似锤子之物反复地敲打,直到把钉 子、楔子等钉牢或者是把物体打成所需要的形状。在口语中可指“(在战争中或比赛中)击败对方”。 2. 用作名词的基本意思是“锤”, 也可指钢琴的“音锤”,拍卖人用的“小木槌”。harbour n.港口；避难所 vt.庇护；心怀；窝藏 vi.进入避祸所；躲藏 Ha

8、rbour lights were blinking on the horizon. 海港的灯火在水平线上闪烁着。 He harbours a secret grudge against his father. 他对父亲暗怀不满。 Dont harbour unkind thoughts.不要心怀不轨。 Harbouring criminals is an offence in law. 窝藏罪犯是犯法的。 Crabs harbour in holes. 蟹躲藏在洞里。注意：harbour可指“天然港”,又可指“人工港”,强调为避风而有山或防波堤。hardware n.总称五金器具；计 硬件；

9、武器装备 computer hardware 计算机硬件 household hardware 家用五金器具 My house stands cheek by jowl with a hardware shop. 我家紧靠一家五金商店。 A computer system is composed of software and hardware in the light of its working mode. 从计算机的工作过程看，计算机系统是由软件和硬件组成的。 They chose to concentrate on simpler and more durable hardware.

10、他们选择加强更简单牢固的武器。hazardn.危险；冒险；危害 vt.冒险；赌运气 economic hazards 经济风险 a hazard to health 对健康的危害 He hazarded a guess that our team would win.他毫无把握地猜想我队会获胜。 The fireman hazarded his life to save the child.这位消防队员冒着生命危险抢救孩子。 “You dont like their plans?”hazarded Kipps.“你不喜欢他们的计划?”基普斯壮着胆子说。注意：1. hazard侧重有失掉的危险,

11、强调不安全、无把握,获得好结果的希望不大。2. hazard是及物动词,其宾语可以是生命、名誉、金钱等抽象名词,也可以是表示具体数额的短语,还可以是“猜”“试”等表示动作的名词。3. hazard在非正式文体中可引出直接引语,意为“壮着胆子说”。headquarters n.总部；司令部；指挥部 general headquarters 统帅部,总司令部,大本营 supreme headquarters 最高司令部 the campaign headquarters 竞选总部 We lost no time in returning to the headquarters. 我们赶紧回到指挥部。注意：headquarters是复数名词,作主语时其谓语动词可用单复数形式。