专题 30 语法填空高频话题 (航天科技与科学)-2024年新高考英语一轮复习练小题刷大题提能力（原卷版）.docx

1、专题 30 语法填空高频话题 (航天科技与科学) 刷大题、提能力1.（2023年湖南省岳阳市岳阳县新高考试题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinas Mars rover (火星车) Zhurong is currently in safe mode as it waits out a Martian dust storm and it may remain in safe mode until 1 end of 2022.Zhurong landed on Mars a year ago; from then on, the rover has reco

2、rded video and audio from the largest recognized impact basin 2 (name) Utopia Planitia. Zhurongs initial mission was just 90 days but since then the rover 3 (continue) to study the Martian surface and atmosphere. The rover was also forced into a safe mode in September 2021, when Earth-based space ag

3、encies broke off communication with the Martian spacecraft (航天器). Now, the issue is with local extreme weather. It has 4 (recent) become winter in Utopia Planitia and the 5 (condition) are severe even without the dust storm. The China National Space Administration (CNSA) said that the temperature 6

4、(different) between day and night on Mars is huge. Utopia Planitias storms can be deadly to the Martian spacecraft 7 rely on solar power; the storms can block out sunlight for months. But Zhurong is expected 8 (handle) the ongoing storm with 9 (relate) ease. Meanwhile, CNSAs Tianwen-1 Mars orbiter w

5、ill continue to keep track 10 the Martian atmosphere for any changes in the Red Planets weather.2.（2023年江苏省扬州市广陵区扬州中学高三试题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinas space project sets sail for the sea of starsThe Mengtian lab module successfully 11 (join) the Tianhe core module and the Wentian lab modul

6、e at Chinas space station Tiangong on the early morning of Tuesday.Mengtian is the 12 (two) lab module of the space station and the first one is Wentian that was connected with Tianhe 13 (previous). With the two lab modules now docked (对接) with the core module, the T-shaped structure of the space st

7、ation has taken shape up to now. The space station has entered its final construction stage as 14 (plan).This smooth progress should be owed to scientists and engineers and all those 15 devotion and hard work has made the space station 16 reality. China has never abandoned its 17 (ambition) goal of

8、acquiring advanced space capabilities and becoming a pioneer in the exploration of space, so as 18 (help) expand our knowledge of the universe. Chinas pride in its space achievements is also an expression of thanks 19 people who have made contributions. The insistence on the space missions being wel

9、l-prepared, well-organized and well-implemented (有效执行) has been the 20 (found) on which Chinas aerospace industry has continually reached new heights.3.（2023年河南省开封市高三冲刺试题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinas commercial carrier rockets have welcomed a new member to the family, after the Smart Drago

10、n-3, 21 Jielong-3, made its successful flight from the waters of the Yellow Sea, sending 14 satellites 22 (precise) into their designated orbit.The vehicle, developed by the state-owned China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology and 23 (weigh) about 140 tons, is a carrier rocket with a total length

11、of about 31 meters. It is capable of sending a 1.5-ton payload to the 50-kilometer orbit, has a even 24 (large) nose cone (锥体) that I provides more space for payloads and diversified launch modes, and 25 (be) more cost-efficient. It is a highly reliable launch vehicle fitted with facilities that sup

12、port both land-and sea-based launches.Seaborne launches in China have historically been cold launches, 26 use a booster (助推器) powered by compressed (压缩) air, steam or gas to launch the vehicle to a certain altitude before starting the rocket engine. This time, Smart Dragon-3 pushed 27 (it) out of th

13、e launching cell using its own engine.While the extreme heat during hot launches will cause some damage to 28 (equip) on board the ship, China has developed the ability 29 (reduce) this impact through temperature-resistant treatment for the ship.Among the 14 satellites sent into orbit during this mi

14、ssion was Torch-1, 30 satellite which will be used to carry out observations on microbial growth in microgravity conditions.4.（2023年高三开学摸底考试题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。From Earth, we can only see one side of the moon. The other side has been a mystery. But now, we have 31 chance to see whats o

15、n the far side.On Jan 3rd, a spacecraft Change 4 became the first space probe(探测器)in history to 32 (successful) land on the far side of the moon. Change 4 has 33 (send)back photos of the far side of the moon. 34 these photos, scientists will learn more about the moon. Its difficult to grow anything

16、on the moon, 35 Change 4 has made it. Change 4 took six living things to the moon, such as potatoes, 36 (cotton)and fruit flies. The cotton 37 is very common on Earth has already started to grow on the moon. It is the first time humans have grown plants on the moon.China set three goals when it star

17、ted its exploration program in 2004the probes could circle around the moon, touch down on 38 (it)surface and bring materials back to Earth. Change 4 has achieved the second goal and the third goal will 39 (realize)by Change 5 in the future.Now Chinese scientists are looking even 40 (far)into our sol

18、ar system and knowing more about the universe.5.（湖北省新高考联考协作体2023年高三试题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Three Chinese astronauts arrived Thursday at Chinas new space station on a three-month mission, marking another huge 41 (succeed) in the countrys space program. Their Shenzhou-12 spacecraft connecte

19、d with the space station about six hours after taking off from the Jiuquan satellite center. 42 crew will test equipment, carry out experiments and prepare the station for 43 (receive) another two units next year. For Nie Haisheng, it is his third trip to space. For Liu Boming, it is his second one，

20、following a mission in 2008 44 included Chinas first spacewalk. Tang Hongbo, who 45 (select) as one of the candidates in 2010, is flying in space for the first time. The mission is the third of 11 planned through next year to add the 46 (addition) sections to the station and send up crews and suppli

21、es. A fresh three-member crew and a cargo ship with supplies will be sent 47 three months. Future missions to the station will include women, with 48 (stay) extended to as long as six months 49 as many as six astronauts on the station at a time during crew changeovers. With China stepping up interna

22、tional cooperation and exchanges, its only a matter of time for the station 50 (welcome) astronauts from different countries in the near future.6.（2023年安徽省新高考联盟名校高考预测试题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式A grand exhibition kicked off on Friday at the National Museum in Beijing 51 (mark) 30 years of Chin

23、as manned space program.The exhibition features models of Chinas newly 52 (complete) space station, its famous Long March carrier rockets, future models for Chinas lunar missions and historical memorabilia to tell the story of three decades of 53 (innovate) and development.“We hope the exhibition wi

24、ll pass our passion 54 the cause to more people. And now in the new era, Chinese people will explore even 55 (far) and contribute to all humankind with our quest,” said Hao Chun, director of China Manned Space Agency, at the opening ceremony of the exhibition.He added that the Chinese people had con

25、sistently worked to achieve new advances and breakthroughs in space exploration 56 1992 when the program started. “And in recent years we 57 (work) to build the China Space Station, making our previous Chinas three-step dream 58 reality,” he said. Chinas next-generation carrier rocket has a thrust o

26、f over 2,600 tonnes, three times more than the Long March-5B carrier rocket, according to Zhang Zhi, the chief designer of the vehicle from China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology.The Long March-5B is 59 (current) the most powerful heavy-lift launch vehicle in China, 60 is responsible for transpo

27、rting the core module and two lab modules for Chinas space station. “The academy is also developing a reusable rocket for low-Earth orbit transportation,” Zhang added. The exhibition will run for three months.7.（2023年贵州省贵阳市高三试题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Would you like to have your own sate

28、llite? You can now buy one on Taobao! Commsat, a Chinese commercial space company, has 61 (recent) put three commercial satellites on the shelves of 62 (it) store on Taobao.The simplest satellite, weighing less than 5 kilograms, 63 (call) the 1U cube satellite (1U立方星), 64 costs 2 million yuan. It lo

29、oks like a magic cube on the outside, but it is equipped with space cameras and solar panels (太阳能板). Targeted at school education, it could enable students to operate satellites like space 65 (scientist), according to Commsat. It can also be used for research purposes.The company also offers satelli

30、te services, such as taking selfies (自拍照) with the Earth. The customer only needs to upload their own photos, 66 the satellite will show the photo or screen or in space. It will take the selfie using Earth 67 the background.Chinese internet celebrity Luo Yonghao sold Commsats satellite in his livest

31、reaming (直播) event on March 31st. A buyer 68 (buy) the first satellite six minutes after the even started, 69 (mark) the first purchase of a satellite on an e-commerce platform in the world, according to Beijing Daily. Although buying such high-end products seems far away from most peoples lives, it

32、 will help popularize space technology, 70 (comment) Global Times.8.（2023年河北省邯郸市高考试题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Scientists have proposed several objectives for a future international lunar research station, 71 (include) moon-based Earth observation and lunar resource utilization (利用), the C

33、hina Science Daily 72 (report) on Friday. Zou Yongliao, head of the lunar and deep space exploration division of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, revealed the goals at a recent 73 (nation) space conference. China plans 74 (establish) a basic model for a lunar research station based on two planned ex

34、ploration missions by 2028, and 75 (subsequent) expand it into an international one. According to Zou, as scientists continue to develop the blueprint for the research station, they have already made progress by coming up 76 specific objectives for science and application. These objectives mainly in

35、volve studying the moons evolution (进化), exploring star formation and 77 (activity), and observing the sun and Earth from the moon.Zou also mentioned the 78 (perform) of scientific experiments, like growing plants on the lunar surface, and the utilization of lunar resources, such as moon minerals 79

36、 solar energy. The scientist noted that the moon is still the “main field” of deep space exploration and the construction of an international lunar research station was 80 historical necessity.9.（2023年全国统一考试押题卷英语试题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China launched a Long March 3B carrier rocket on Thur

37、sday afternoon to transport an experimental satellite into space, 81 (complete) the busiest year 2022 for the countrys space industry in terms of launches.China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp, the nations leading space contractor, said in 82 press conference that the rocket blasted off at 12:

38、43 p.m. from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in southwestern Chinas Sichuan Province and later deployed the Shiyan 10-02 experimental satellite into its orbit.The satellite 83 (task) with demonstrating new technologies 84 would be used for monitoring the environment in space and other purposes.C

39、hina launched its first carrier rocket in April 1970 85 (deploy) its first satellite, Dongfanghong 1, into space. With the success of that mission, China became the 86 (five) country in the world capable 87 building and launching its own carrier rocket to Earths orbit. Since then, the country 88 (de

40、velop) and launched nearly 30 types of carrier rockets, most of which are part of the Long March series. 89 (current), there are 22 models of the carrier rockets in 90 (serve) in China, 16 of which are in the Long March family.10.（2023年河南省济洛平许高三四检试题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China will launch

41、(发射) two crews to work on its Tiangong space station this year, according to the China Manned Space Agency.Both crews will consist of three astronauts and will be launched into space 91 Long March 2F carrier. They are scheduled to work at the Tiangong station for six months, where they will conduct

42、spacewalks, scientific and technological tasks. and 92 (education) lectures.In addition, the Tianzhou 6 robotic cargo (货运) spaceship will dock (对接) with Tiangong in May 93 (transport) necessities for the crew.Pang Zhihao, an expert on space exploration technology, said that 94 (start) from the Shenz

43、hou XV mission, Chinese astronauts will spend 95 (much) time on scientific experiments and technological tests than before.“The government has made 96 clear that the space station is a national space based laboratory 97 (devote) to science and technology.” said Pang.Nine joint science projects from

44、17 other 98 (nation) have been selected to be carried out aboard Tiangong, and the first ones are expected to be conducted by the crew of the Shen-zhou XV or XVI missions.“The composition of future flight crews will also be different. There will be scientists 99 have been selected as members of Chin

45、as third generation of astronauts,”and Pang 100 (add),“They are experiencing extensive training.”11.（2023年江西省南昌市高三二模英语试题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China launched the three astronauts of the Shenzhou XV mission to the space station on 101 night of November 29, 2022.The three astronauts 102 (sch

46、edule) to return to the Earth in May and are to stay inside the Tiangong space station for six months. They will carry out three to four spacewalks during the mission to mount equipment outside the station.The major tasks include unlocking, installing and testing 15 scientific cabinets; conducting s

47、cientific experiments and technological demonstrations; and 103 (carry) out six cargo orbital deployment operations.The team was reported 104 (make) the first in-orbit shift with the three Shenzhou XIV crew members, 105 had been orbiting the mother planet for nearly six months and flew back to earth

48、 within a week following the Shenzhou XVs 106 (arrive).Several nations have proposed to China that they wish to have their astronauts 107 (send) to the Tiangong space station. China is negotiating with relevant parties on this matter and is 108 (active) preparing training work for foreign astronauts

49、.With an overall weight of nearly 100 metric tons, Tiangong is one of the 109 (large) space-based infrastructure mankind has ever built and deployed in outer space. It is expected to operate in a low-Earth orbit about 400 kilometers 110 the ground for about 10 years and will be open to foreign astro

50、nauts in the near future.12.（2023年江西省南昌市高三试题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A small device, Moxie, has produced oxygen on the surface of Mars, 111 (bring) the chances of surviving on the red planet a step closer. Research published in 112 journal Science Advances reported that Moxie produced breath

51、able oxygen in seven-hour-long tests conducted in various weather and atmospheric(大气的) conditions last year. The research also found that even in extreme 113 (temperature) and after a Martian dust storm, Moxie 114 (continue) to produce high-purity oxygen.“This is the first demonstration of actually

52、using resources on the surface of Mars and transforming 115 (they) chemically into something useful for a human mission,” Jeffrey Hoffman, a 116 (retire) astronaut, said.“The thin atmosphere on Mars is 96 percent carbon dioxide and much more 117 (change) than on Earth and the temperature can vary by

53、 100 degrees,” Hoffman said. “One aim is to show we can run Moxie in all seasons.”The device, Moxie, uses some special pumps, 118 suck in carbon dioxide. The gas 119 (heat) to 800C and pressed to separate the carbon and oxygen. Carbon monoxide is sent out as waste while the pure oxygen is left behin

54、d.Despite the challenges, Moxie has proved durable in the extreme conditions on Mars and scientists regard the test results 120 a great achievement.13.（2023年河南省TOP二十名校高三调研试题）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。The 14th China International Aviation and Aerospace (航空航天) Exhibition, also known a Airsho

55、w China, 121 (kick) off on Tuesday in the port city of Zhuhai, south Chinas Guangdong Province. This years airshow, 122 will last until Sunday, has 123 indoor exhibition area around 100, 000 square meters, and the number of aircraft for outdoor display exceeds 110. The event was joined by over 740 e

56、nterprises from 43 countries in person and online, 124 (attract) around 200, 000 visitors home and abroad. Cooperation agreements for 549 aircraft, worth $39. 8 billion, 125 (ink) at the event. The Airshow China is an important platform showcasing the various 126 (technology) and innovations of the

57、Chinese aviation and aerospace industry as well as national defense. 127 is reported that the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) took over 200 pieces of 128 (independent) developed aviation equipment and technologies to the Airshow China 2022, up 34 percent from a year ago. Fifty-five of

58、them were exhibited for the first time at the event. Li Weipeng, who flies the J-20, said the engines of the J-20 jets 129 (display) this time had been comprehensively updated, though their 130 (appear) remained the same.14.（2023年西藏拉萨市高三模拟试题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The first-ever C919, China

59、s first self-developed passenger jet, 131 (deliver) to China Eastern Airlines in Shanghai on December 9, 2022 and is expected to be put into commercial operation next spring, 132 is a significant milestone in the development of Chinas aviation manufacturing (航空制造) industry.The first C919 has 133 tot

60、al of 164 seats, including eight seats in business class and 156 seats in economy class. 134 (base) on the initial approval of the CAAC (中国民用航空局), China Eastern also needs to carry out more than 100 hours of test flights 135 (confirm) the operational safety and various operational support capabiliti

61、es of the aircraft, as the C919 is the first such model 136 (global).Later, China Eastern plans to put the C919 into commercial service in 137 (city) such as Shanghai, Beijing, Xian, Kunming and Guangzhou. Over 20 pilots will serve 138 the first group to operate the C919.The aircraft industry has en

62、tered a new journey of development, and it is of great 139 (significant) in promoting cooperation and innovation in the global aviation industry chain.So far, the C919 140 (get) 1,115 orders from home and abroad. In March 2021, China Eastern officially purchased the first group of five C919s, and ot

63、her planes it bought are expected to be delivered in 2023 and 2024.15.（2023年四川成都市石室中学高三试题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Water on the MoonNASA has confirmed the presence of water on the moons sunlit surface, a breakthrough 141 (suggest) the chemical compound that is vital to life on Earth could be

64、 distributed across more parts of the lunar surface than the ice that 142 (find) previously in dark and cold areas. “We dont know yet if we can use it as a resource, ” NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine said, but he added that learning more about the water is still crucial. The discovery comes from

65、the space agencys Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, or SOFIA- a 143 (modify) Boeing 747 that can take telescope high1 into Earths atmosphere, 144 researchers may peer at objects in space with hardly any visual disturbance from water vapor. To detect the molecules, SOFIA also used a s

66、pecial camera to distinguish between waters specific wavelength of 6. 1 microns and that of its close chemical relative hydroxyl, or OH. The data confirm 145 experts have suspected, that water might exist on the moons sunny surface, though the form of it shall not be 146 (obvious)detected. Experts w

67、ill now try to figure out exactly how the water came to form and why it persists. “Data from this location reveal water in concentration of 100 to 412 parts per million trapped 147 a cubic meter of soil, ” NASA said in a release about the discovery. “ 148 without a thick atmosphere, water on the sun

68、lit lunar surface should just be lost to space, ” said Casey Honniball, the lead author of a study about the discovery, “somehow were actually seeing it. ”There are several possible 149 (explain) for the waters presence, including an interesting yet reasonable one 150 (claim) its origin to the stony micro objects from space. Small balls of glass from that process could trap water, according to the researchers paper.