专题01 音标总概要.docx

1、专题01 音标总概要&6BU1-U8总复习-初中英语暑期专讲专练（牛津译林版）知识点讲解 第一部分：音标介绍Phonetic Symbols音标有哪些？英语共有48个音标，其中元音音标(vowel)20个，辅音音标(consonant)28个。记得我们小学认字的时候就是从拼音开始，英语中的音标就充当了汉字中的拼音角色，辅音相当于声母，元音相当于韵母。 元音音标有20个，里面包括12个单元音和8个双元音。英文单词都含有元音,因此我们可以说元音是构成英文单词发音的基本元素。在单元音中，按发音部位可分为前元音、中元音、后元音；按发音时间长短可分为长元音和短元音。辅音音标有28个，按声带振动与否可分为

2、清辅音和浊辅音两大类；按不同的发音方式可分为爆破音、摩擦音、破擦音、鼻腔音、舌侧音、半元音。 音标总览图国际音标（英语语音）元音单元音前元音i;ie中元音;后元音u;u;a;双元音开合双元音eiaiiuau集中双元音iu辅音爆破音清辅音ptk浊辅音bdg摩擦音清辅音fsh浊辅音vz破擦音清辅音ttrts浊辅音ddrdz鼻腔音（浊辅音）mn舌侧音（浊辅音）lr半元音（浊辅音）wj【例题精讲】1.英语共有_个音标。 2.音标分为_音和_音两大类。 3.元音有_个，分为_元音和_元音。 4.辅音有_个，按声带振动情况分为_辅音和_辅音。 5.通过老师所讲内容整理出以下音标长元音： 短元音： 【答案】

3、1.48 2.元、辅 3.20 双，单 4.28 清 浊5. i： ： u： ： a：i u e一、单元音： i:、i、:、u:、u、:、:、e、 i:谐音为：易(yi);像数字1，记忆真容易。发音要诀：保持微笑，把酒窝展现出来，发汉语“衣”加长版。发此音时上下唇微开，上下齿分开，舌尖稍微抵住下齿，嘴角尽量往两边拉伸，做微笑状，然后震动声带。这就是外国人在照相时总是要说“cheese”ti:z i 发音要诀：比i:嘴角肌肉略微放松，发音就像部队里报数“1，2，3，4”中的1，短促而轻快。把手放到腹部，腹肌有快速收缩。:谐音为：噢(0); 噢，这个音标就像个o。发音要诀： 双唇收圆突出，发恍然大

4、悟，加长版，发此音时，开口度略大于半开，接近一指半，舌后部抬起，舌身后缩，舌尖离开下齿。 发音要诀：双唇略圆不突出，肌肉放松，短促。类似于汉语拼音“ao”美国英语发 u:谐音为：雾(wu);杯子上有很多雾。发音要诀：口型稍扁的“乌”。发此音时，上下齿微分开，舌后部抬起。舌身向后缩，舌尖离开下齿，双唇突出并且收圆，肌肉紧张，发长音。u 发音要诀：适当撅嘴，短促的“乌”。:谐音为：饿(e);一只鹅饿得晕倒了。发音要诀：嘴自然张开，嘴，舌头都静止，只剩声带振动。改编版的“饿”，（一声拉长）。美国英语中要儿化。发音要诀：短音版的:，发此音时，舌身平放，舌中部隆起，双唇扁平。e谐音为：夜(ye);这只鹅

5、喜欢走夜路。 发音要诀：发此音时，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，张开嘴，上下齿能容纳一个食指，嘴角向后，发汉语“挨”的音，一定要急促，不能拖泥带水，需要震动声带。 发音要诀：张开嘴，上下齿能容纳食指和中指，嘴角向后，口形要比e时要开些，需要振动声带，发汉语“挨”的音，一定要急促，不能拖泥带水。:谐音为：啊(a);音标的读音跟拼音一样。发音要诀：就像口腔科医生让我们张嘴“啊”一样。发此音时，嘴巴尽量张大，舌后稍微抬高，舌身放平向后缩，舌尖离开下齿，双唇自然张开，口腔肌肉绷紧，发长音。 发音要诀：把:的嘴型收回，脸部肌肉放松，嘴微张，发弱而短促的:。发此音时，上下唇及上齿微张，脸部肌肉放松，舌尖轻轻抵

6、住下齿龈，然后震动声带。与非常相似。双元音：ei、ai、i、i、u、au、uei谐音为：妹(mei);鹅有一个妹妹。 发音要诀：由e到i的自然过渡，e长而强，i短而弱。发音时力求过渡自然。ai谐音为：爱(ai);音标的读音跟拼音一样。发音要诀：由a到i的自然过渡，a长而强，i短而弱。深情款款的“爱“口型有张到收缩。此音和汉语中的“爱”的普通话发音基本一致。i这个音标找不到拼音的谐音，可以按照字母o、i的发音连读来进行谐音记忆。发音要诀：由到i的自然过渡，长而强，i短而弱。i谐音和外形都像：12发音要诀：非常类似中文中的“爷”。美国英语要儿化。 i短而弱，长而强。谐音为：挨饿;外形像3只鹅;三只

7、鹅都在挨饿。发音要诀：两个音自然过渡，类似“挨饿”，饿要轻。美国英语儿化“艾尔”。u谐音为：屋鹅;一屋子的鹅都装在杯子里。 发音要诀：两个音自然过渡，类似于“乌饿”，饿要轻。美国英语要儿化。au谐音为：傲(ao);一个杯子很骄傲，不让人拿它喝水。发音要诀：由a到u的自然过渡，a长而强，u短而弱。声音就像老虎的吼叫。u谐音为：鸥(ou);一只鹅在杯子里找海鸥。拔升练习基础练习技巧归纳 发音要诀：由到u的自然过渡，长而强，u短而弱。发音靠后的“欧”。三、辅音音标p、b 、t、d、k、g、f、v、s、z、t、d tr、dr、ts、dz、m、n、h、l、r、j、w清辅音/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/

8、/ /s/ / /h/ /t/ /ts/ /tr/浊辅音/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ / /z/ / /r/ /d/ /dz/ /dr/ /j/ /w/ /m/ /n/ / /l/ 技巧归纳 单元音一辆i:火车u:呜呜呜地开过来了，车上有2只鹅，一只i是长尾巴，一只是短尾巴:，尾巴都是乌黑色u，两只鹅突然打起了架，长尾巴鹅先使劲打了一拳短尾巴鹅，它一疼，就发出:的声音，然后短尾巴鹅予以还击，长尾鹅被打了一小拳，发出的声音。两只鹅都受伤了，下了火车它们一起去医生那里检查。这个年轻young 的医生说张开嘴，发a:的音。最后医生给鹅打针，为了让 它们转移疼痛的注意力，医生分别给了一只鹅一个苹果a

9、pple，另一只鹅一个鸡蛋egg，e双元音有一个男孩boyi喜欢看电视都等电视结束才吃饭，所以老挨饿，他也老说我饿，我饿， u 有天他的妈妈就喊他：“吃饭啦！”男孩说唉ai，来啦！过了一会妈妈发现孩子还没来吃，就又喊了一声，孩子有点不耐烦说，诶ei，知道啦！男孩准备下楼，结果一不小心从楼梯上滑下去了，孩子发出嗷au的声音，在附近neari的妈妈很着急，喊到Oh,no！u基础练习一、 判断每组词中画线部分的发音是否相同,相同的画“T”, 不同的画“F” 。（ ）1 cup mum summer （ ）2. all also call（ ）3 music student run （ ）4bus p

10、ut but（ ）5 lost clock rock （ ）6 age at bat（ ）7 want class glass （ ）8 he me let（ ）9 day play May （ ）10like rice price【答案】TTFFT FFFTT 二、读单词，在括号中写出每组画线部分发音不同的单词序号。 （ ） 1 Acap Bcircle Ccity（ ） 2 Alisten Bwrite Cwhite（ ） 3 Ashe Blate Cwe（ ） 4 Afarmer Bsister Cher（ ） 5 Agrade Blake Cladder（ ） 6 Athree Bsw

11、eater Cmeet（ ） 7 Ayear Bear Cthere（ ） 8 Ahow Bnow Cshow（ ） 9 Aart Bstar Cany（ ） 10Agood Blook Cwho【答案】AABCC BCCCC 拔升练习 一、找出划线部分读音不同的单词。( )1.A.cake B.face C.apple D.late( )2.A.me B.leg C.bed D.set( )3.A.hut B.ruler C.duck D.cup( )4.A.clock B.hot C.go D.sock( )5.A.head B.dead C.deaf D.sea( )6.Alittle

12、Bthing Cwhite Dwith( )7.Ayellow Bbrown Cwindow Dknow( )8.AworryBsky Conly Dmany( )9.AschoolBchair CChina Dmuch( )10.AtheseBthey Cbrother Dthree( )11.A.brotherB.comeC.police D.mothers( )12.A.cinemaB.climbC.sisterD.film( )13.A.these B.bathC.thinkD.health( )14.A.apple B.elephantC.egg D.get( )15.A.basem

13、entB.favoriteC.basketD.table【答案】1-5CABCD 6-10 CBBAD 11-15 CBAAC 二、从下列四个选项中选出所给单词的正确读音。()1.set A、setB、sitC、st D、st()2.courtA、kutB、kutC、k:t D、sit()3.betterA、bet:B、btC、beta: D、bet()4.duckA、dkB、dkC、dukD、du:k()5.tankA、skB、tikC、tekD、tk( )6.deepA、di:pB、dipC、dep D、dp【答案】ACDADA 第二部分：6BU1-U8总复习【知识梳理1】U1语法知识点1

14、. 形容词变副词excited-_quiet-_loud-_ happy-_sad - _ quick - _careful-_ slow - _【答案】excited- excitedly quiet- quietly loud - loudly happy-happilysad - sadly quick - quickly careful-carefully slow - slowly修饰行为动词的必须用副词。例如：1. The lion asked sadly.狮子伤心地问。2. The mouse said quietly.老鼠平静地说。3. He laughs happily.他开

15、心地大笑。2. 动词过去式的形式动词过去式的变化可分为规则的和不规则的两大类。 a. 规则动词的过去式，词尾变化有以下三种： 1) _。如：washwashed, looklooked, climbclimbed 2) _。如：likeliked, dancedanced 3) _。如：studystudied 【答案】1) 一般情况下，直接在词尾加ed。2) 以不发音字母e结尾的，加d。3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i再加ed。b. 不规则动词的过去式（请填写表格）原形过去式原形过去式is/amwasrunranareweredrawdrewdo / doesdidriderodehav

16、e / hashadgivegavegowentdrivedrovecomecamebuyboughtread readmeetmetsingsangdrinkdrankmakemadebringbroughttaketookputputeatatewritewrotecatchcaughtwakewoke【巩固练习】1.They were in Shanghai _.A. tomorrow B. today C. two weeks agoD. in two weeks2. -Who _ you up everyday, your father or your mother?-My moth

17、er does. But this morning my father _ me up.A. woke; wakes B. wakes; woke C. woke; wokeD. wakes; wakes3.The baby couldnt get the sweet. She was so _. She cried _.A. sadly; loudly B. sad; loud C. sad; loudly D. sadly; loud4. The boy is so _ that he shouted _.A. excitedly; excited B. excited; excitedl

18、y C. excitedly; excitedlyD. excited; exciting【答案】CBCB【知识梳理2】U2语法知识点1.副词early/late,well/badly, fast/slowly的用法副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和全句。修饰动词时，通常放在动词后，修饰形容词、副词时，通常位于他们前。如：IknewIhadtogetupearly.我知道我得早起。We got up late. 我们起晚了。I was angry because I played so badly.我很生气，因为自己的表现实在是太差了。She can skate well.她溜冰很好。Don

19、t drive so fast!别把车开得这么快！He slowly sat on the seat with a sigh. 他叹了一口气，慢慢地坐到位子上。2.频度副词always, usually, often, sometimes,never的用法频率副词：usually, always,often, never, sometimes. 位置：be动词之后，实意动词之前。例：He usually goes to school by bus. Tom is always late.【例题精讲】例1. 根据首字母提示，完成下列句子。1. Jenny has a good habit. Sh

20、e n_ goes to school late.2.Youre l_. Please come to school early.例2. Billy does _ in sports. He is _ at running and jumping.A.well, good B. well, well C. good, well【答案】never; late A【巩固练习】1.Wang Bing knows Liu Tao_.A. good B. well C. nice2.Jim is a good boy. He _ goes to school late. A. always B. nev

21、er C. often 3. He also does_(good, well) at home.4.My grandpa is walking _ (slow) in the park.5.He can _ (skate) _ (good).【答案】B; B; well; slowly; skate well【知识梳理3】U3语法知识点1.可数名词和不可数名词名词是表示人、事物和抽象概念的词。它有可数名词和不可数名词之分。可数名词有单复数之分。如:a bag, two bags。而不可数名词,顾名思义,通常没有复数形式,不能在词尾加s或es变复数。我们学过的不可数名词有哪些呢?有: ice,

22、 rain, snow, sun, wind, bread, meat, juice, sugar, food, rice, water, coffee, tea, milk, chocolate, fruit, paper, hair等,这些物质名词都是不可数名词。还有像work (工作), help (帮助), love (爱), hope (希望), weather (天气)等抽象名词也是不可数名词。在使用不可数名词时,要注意以下几点:1）不可数名词前面不能直接加a / an。如：I like to skate on an ice. ( )I like to skate on the i

23、ce. ( )我喜欢在冰上溜滑。不可数名词如果要表示一定的数量，可以借助单位词。如：a bag of sugar一袋糖 three cups of tea三杯茶a bowl of rice一碗米饭 two bottles of water两瓶水2）不可数名词的词尾不能加s或es变复数。3）some, any, no, a little, much, a lot of等词往往可以加在不可数名词的前面,修饰不可数名词。如：I dont want any help.我不需要任何帮助。Theres some milk in the glass.玻璃杯里有一些牛奶。2. a few, a little,

24、 some, a lot of的用法a few几个，少许，后面跟可数名词a little少许，后面跟不可数名词some和a lot of后面既可以跟可数名词也可以跟不可数名词另外：much许多，后面跟不可数名词；many许多，后面跟可数名词从量的多少来说：a little some much a lot of(lots of) +不可数名词a few some many a lot of(lots of) +可数名词如：There is a little milk in the bottle.瓶子里牛奶不多了。 There are a few apples in the basket.篮子里有

25、几个苹果。注意：与不可数名词连用的be动词必须用is/was。如：There is some water in the cup.杯子里有些水。Here is a little meat for you.有点肉给你。There is a lot of fruit on the table.桌子上有许多的水果。How much tea is there in the bag?袋子里有多少茶叶了？The rain is heavy.雨下得很大。【例题精讲】例1. 根据括号中所给单词完成下列句子1.Can I have some _(mango) juice?Sure,here you are.2.T

26、he_(sweet) are very nice. I want to buy some.【答案】mango; sweets例2. 单项选择1.You cant eat _ snacks, Sandy!A. too much B. too many C. much too D. many too2. -Look, there is so _ juice in the fridge. -Yes, but you cant drink too _.A. many; much B. many; many C. much; many D. much; much3.Mike had _ water an

27、d _ noodles this morning.A.a little; a lot B.a few; a littleC.a lot; a little D.a little; a lot of【答案】BDD【巩固练习】1.We should eat _ ( some / a few ) meat every day.2.Ann sometimes has _ ( a few / a little) grapes after dinner.3. Can I have _ milk, Mum? Sure. Take _ big bottle.A.some; a B. any; a C. som

28、e; an4. In the early morning, there are only _ cars and bikes on the road.A.many B. a few C. a little5.Dont use _ plastic bags.A. too many B. too much C. much too6.We should eat _ every day.A. a little vegetable B. some vegetables C. a few vegetables7. I dont like meat. I usually have some rice, _ a

29、nd _for lunch. A.fishes; vegetable B. fish; vegetables C. fish; vegetable 【答案】some; a few; A; B; A; A; B【知识梳理4】U4语法知识点must, mustnt的用法；can, cant, cannot的用法。一、must, mustnt的用法must是情态动词，后面直接加动词原形。1.表示“必须”。如：You must go home now.你现在必须回家了。2.表示坚定的建议。如：You must go to see the doctor.你必须去看医生。3.表示推测，暗含有很大的可能性，

30、用在肯定句。如：It must be rainy tomorrow.明天肯定要下雨了。4.虽然must是表示“必须”的意思，但是用于否定式时，mustnt却表示“不要、不能、禁止”的意思，而不是表示“不必”。如：You mustnt run on the road.你不能在路上跑。5.一般疑问句的结构为：Must +主语+动词原形+ ?肯定回答为：Yes, must.否定回答为：No, neednt.如：1)-Must Ifinishmy homework today?我今天必须完成回家作业吗？-Yes, you must.是的，你必须要完成。/No, you neednt.不，你不必完成。2

31、)-Must they clean the classroom now?他们现在必须打扫教室吗？-Yes, they must. / No, they neednt.二、can, cant, cannot的用法情态动词can有一定的词义，但不能独立存在，它必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。cant是can的否定形式，cant的完全形式就是cannot，cant与cannot的完全形式用法完全相同。动词“can, cant, cannot”没有人称和数的变化。1.表示“能，会”，指脑力或体力方面的“能力”。如：I can speak English.我会讲英语。2.表示“可能”，常用于否定句或疑问句中

32、，指某种可能性。如：My sister cant be in the classroom.我的姐姐不可能在教室里。3.表示“可以”，常用于口语中，指许可或请求做某事。如：Can I have an egg?我可以吃一个鸡蛋吗？【例题精讲】例1. Mike must wait for his mother on the station. (改为一般疑问句)_ Mike _ for his mother on the station?例2. Children _ run or play on the road.A. should B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. must【答案】M

33、ust, wait; C【巩固练习】1. You _ watch TV after finishing your homework.A. can B. should C. must2.You shouldnt _ cold water.A. drink B. drinking C. to drink 【答案】AA【知识梳理5】U5语法知识点一般将来时（be going to+动词原形）1.一般将来时，表示在将来某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态。2.be going to +动词原形 （打算做）用来表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，有时也可以表示

34、推测将要或肯定会发生的动作，有“准备；打算”的意思。3. 一般将来时的各种句式：（1）肯定句：Su Hai is going to buy some snakes and drinks.They are going to bring some fruit to the party.（2）否定句：Mike is not going to bring any balloons to the party.We are not going to have a party on Childrens party.（3）一般疑问句：-Are you going to bring some snakes to

35、 the party? -Yes, I am. / No, Im not. （4）特殊疑问句：-What is he going to do for the party? -He is going to bring some balloons for the party. 【例题精讲】例1. 根据句意，选择适当的词或词组完成句子。1.Miss Li is ill. Her students _ ( are going to see, are seeing ) her after school. 2.Sally is going to the US with her parents _(next

36、 summer holiday / last winter).【答案】are going to see; next summer holiday例2. The boy_(fly) a kite in the park tomorrow afternoon.【答案】is going to fly【巩固练习】Next Sunday, there _ a party in our class.A. will have B. is going to be C. is going to haveD. is【答案】B【知识梳理6】U6语法知识点一般将来时（will+动词原形）1. will + 动词原形、

37、“将”。表示客观上，从逻辑，情理，事情发展的情况上将会发生什么事情。与“打算”无关的句子只能用will +动词原形。如：Yang Ling will go to the library.杨玲打算去图书馆。Tomorrow will be Sunday.明天是星期天。She will be 15 next year.她明年将会15岁。常见时间状语：tomorrow, tomorrow afternoon, next week, in a year(一年后), this evening。2.肯定句和否定句肯定句：They will have a picnic.否定句：They wont have

38、a picnic.注意点：1.They are busy now. They will be busy .2.There is a football match. There will be a football match tomorrow.【例题精讲】例1. 根据句意，选择适当的词或词组完成句子。1.Liu Tao will_(shows, show)you around our school.2.Sue _ (buys / will buy) some fruit from the supermarket tomorrow.【答案】show, will buy例2. It is very

39、 cold these days. It _ (snow) tomorrow.【答案】will snow【巩固练习】Ill tell your father the news. He _ excited.A.am B.will C.will be D.was【答案】C【知识梳理7】U7语法知识点一般将来时（will+动词原形的疑问句）肯定句：They will have a picnic.否定句：They wont have a picnic.一般疑问句，肯否回答：Will they have a picnic? Yes, they will. No, they wont.特殊疑问句：What

40、 will they do? / When and where will they have a picnic? / Who will you have a picnic with?注意点:1.They are busy now. They will be busy .2.There is a football match. There will be a football match tomorrow.【例题精讲】例1. Tom will go to see his grandparents this summer holiday.(改成一般疑问句)_例2. Tom will go to s

41、ee his grandparents this summer holiday.(对画线部分提问)_例3. Will you have a rest later?(改成肯定句)_【答案】1.Will Tom go to see his grandparents this summer holiday? 2. What will Tom do this summer holiday? 3. I / We will have a rest later.【巩固练习】1.-How will you go to Guangzhou? -_ A.Ill go there with my cousins.

42、B.We will go there by train. C.Theyll go to Guangzhou by train tomorrow.2.What _ you _ for tomorrows party?A.did; wear B.will; wear C.are; wearing D.do; going to wear【答案】BB【知识梳理8】U8语法知识点want to do sth.想要做某事；want to be.想要成为。如：What do you want to be in the future, boys? 你们想将来成为什么人？I want to see your d

43、reams come true. 我想看到你们的梦想成真。I want to be a good cook in the future. 将来我想成为一名好的厨师。She is good at playing the piano, so she wants to be a pianist in the future.她擅长弹钢琴，因此将来她想成为一名钢琴师。【例题精讲】例1. -你将来想要成为什么？-我想要成为一名足球运动员。我想有一天在世界杯上踢球。_例2. Sally, I want _ a poster. Would you please _ a picture for me first

44、?A. to make; draw B. make; to draw C. to make; to drawD. make; draw例3. I want_( visit) my grandpa. 【答案】1. -What do you want to be in the future? -I want to be a football player. I want to play in the World Cup some day. 2. A 3. to visit 【巩固练习】按要求完成句子。1.I want to be a football player. （对画线部分提问）_2.I want to fly to the Moon. （改为一般疑问句）_3.She wants to be a teacher. （改为否定句）_【答案】1. What do you want to be? 2. Do you want to fly to the Moon? 3. She doesnt want to be a teacher.