专题04 高考重要语法讲解（二）-2023年新高考英语基础知识过关 题型集训【江苏专用】.docx

1、专题04 高考重要语法讲解（二）-2023年新高考英语基础知识过关+题型集训【江苏专用】1. 虚拟语气2. 倒装句3. 强调句4. 独立主格结构5. 语法填空习题虚拟语气 虚拟语气在高考中的考察大部分都是跟情态动词一起考察的，所以虚拟语气的学习要结合情态动词+have done的用法。虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。例如: If I were you, I should work hard. 虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法（1）条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用

2、陈述语气。例如: If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will climb up the hill. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。例如: If I had seen her yesterday, I would have told you about it.在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:时间虚拟条件句主句例句与现在事实相反If+主语+动词的过去式（be动词用were）主语+shouldwouldcouldmight +动词原形If I had tim

3、e, I would attend the meeting.If I were you, I would seize the opportunity to go abroad.与过去事实相反If+主语+had+过去分词主语+shouldwouldcouldmight+have +过去分词If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams.与将来事实相反 If + 主语+动词过去式 If+主语+were to+动词原形If+ 主语+should+动词原形主语+shouldwouldcouldmight +动词原形I

4、f you came tomorrow, we would have te meeting.If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday. （2）在条件句中，如果有were, had, should等，则可省略if，但应注意把were, had, should等提到从句主语之前。If he were to come, I would join him in

5、 the discussion.Were he to come, I would join him in the discussion.如果他来，我将和他一道参加讨论。（3）当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，主从句中动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整，我们称之为错综条件虚拟语气。 If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在做得就会容易些了。If he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like

6、this.如果他过去不听我的建议，他就不会做得这么好了。（4）有些虚拟条件句没有从句，虚拟条件句是通过上下文或介词短语表示出来的。常见单词有with,without,but, otherwise,or,but for等等，我们称之为含蓄虚拟语气。But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气和水，地球上就没有生命。(介词短语but for提供了虚拟条件)With your help, we might finish the plan earlier. 要是有你的帮助，我们就可以早些完成任务。(介词短语with

7、 your help相当于虚拟条件句)虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法（1）虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法在It is important (strange, natural, necessary)that这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should+动词原形”结构，表示某事是“重要、奇怪、自然、必要”等意义。如: It is necessary that every student (should) work hard.常见的这类形容词有：advisable适当的，合理的 natural 自然的 anxious 忧虑的，焦急的necessary 必要的 better 较好的

8、regretful 遗憾的 desirable 理想的strange 奇怪的 surprising 惊奇的 important 重要的 常见的这类过去分词有: recommended 建议 demanded 要求 required 要求desired 想往 requested 要求 ordered 命令 suggested 建议常见的这类名词有：duty 职责 pity 遗憾 no surprise 不奇怪 no wonder 不足为奇shame 羞耻，不像话Eg. It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities.It is

9、 strange (surprising, disappointing) that she shouldnt have been invited. It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer. It is no surprise that John should have won the game.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法A.wish 后面所跟宾语从句要求用虚拟语气：时间形式对现在情况虚拟wish+主语+动词过去式对过去情况虚拟wish+主语+had+动词过去分词对将来情况虚拟wish+主语+would+动词原形1)表示对

10、现在情况的虚拟，从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。例如:I wish I could argue with you.2） 表示对过去情况的虚拟，从句动词常用had十过去分词。例如: I wish I hadnt become so conscious of every little change.3) 表示对将来的主观愿望，谓语动词形式为would十动词原形。例如: I wish it would stop raining.B.在suggest, demand, order, propose, insist, command, request, desire等动词后的宾语

11、从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。例如: I request that he should leave.总结：常见此类动词有：一个 “坚持”（insist）；两个 “命令”（order, demand）；三个 “建议”（advise, suggest, propose）；四项 “要求”（demand, require, request, ask）。注意：suggest意为“暗示”，使用真实语气；意为“建议”，使用虚拟语气，结构使用should+动词原形，should可以省。insist意为“坚持认为”，使用真实语气；意为“坚持要求”，使用虚拟语气，结构使

12、用should+动词原形，should可以省。Eg. He insisted that the meeting be put off.They proposed that all the plans (should ) be discussed at the meeting.He insisted that the conference should be put off till the next month.He insisted that he had done nothing wrong.He suggested that Mr. Smith be invited to the par

13、ty.His pale look suggested that he was in poor health.C. would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型。 一般过去时表示现在或者将来 would rather +that(从句) 过去完成时表示过去的动作例如:John wants to see me today. I would rather he came tomorrow than today. 约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来)I would rather you had not done that. 我真希望你没有

14、做那件事。 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法(1)在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。例如: Even if he had been ill, he would have worked hard. (2)由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had+过去分词”。例如: Dont treat me as if I were a child. (3) 在lest或for fear that引导的目的状语从句中。例如: W

15、e spoke in whispers for fear that we might wake the baby. 我们轻声说话,以免吵醒婴儿。(4) 辨析if only 和only if的用法。在“if only”引起的感叹句中，表示愿望。时间形式与现在或将来事实相反的愿望If only +主语+动词过去式If only +主语+couldwould+动词原形与过去事实相反的愿望If only +主语+had+动词过去分词Eg. If only he were here! If only I had not been busy last week.if only 也可以用于虚拟条件句中。Eg

16、. If only I had more money, I could buy a car.虚拟语气在其他从句中的用法在It is time (that) .句型中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是“该干某事的时候了”。例如: Its (high) time we did housework.倒装句英语中的倒装句分为两种：一种是完全倒装，另外一种是部分倒装。完全倒装句在英语中，把谓语全部放在主语之前的倒装句，称为完全倒装句。常见的完全倒装句有以下几种：（1） 若把out, in, down, up, away, here, now, then, there 等副词置于

17、句首时，用完全倒装句，例如：Out rushed the children. 孩子们跑了出来。There lies a beautiful small town at the foot of Mount Li.在骊山脚下有一座美丽的小城。Down came stout Santa in a single bound.胖胖的圣诞老人轻轻一跃就下来了。（2） 若把表示地点状语的介词短语置于句首时，用完全倒装句。例如：Out of the classroom ran the pupils.学生们跑出了教室。From the valley came a frightening sound.一个吓人的声

18、音从山谷传来。（3） 若把做表语的形容词、过去分词、不定式或介词短语置于句首时，用完全倒装句。例如：Buried in the sands was an ancient village.一个古老的村庄被埋在沙土之中。Among these people was his friend Jim.他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。Hanging on the wall are two painting by Qi Baishi.墙上挂的是两张齐白石的画。部分倒装句在英语中，把助动词、情态动词或系动词be移到主语之前称为部分倒装句。常见的部分倒装句有以下几种：（1） 当so/neither/nor位于句首时

19、，可将其后与前面重复的谓语部分置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。例如：She has been to New York and so have I.她去过纽约，我也去过。-Liu Jia cant answer the question.刘佳回答不上来这个问题。-Neither/Nor can Peter. 彼得也回答不上来。（2） only 修饰状语时的部分倒装“only+状语/状语从句”位于句首时，句子的主语和谓语或主句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。例如：Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用这种方法你才可以解决这个问题。Only if you

20、 put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。Only when you have seen what he or she does can you cover a story by yourself.只有当你见习了他们的工作时，你才能够独自去进行新闻采访。（3） 表示否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时的部分倒转。此类副词或连词主要有not, little, hardly, never, no sooner than., ha

21、rdly/scarcelywhen, not onlybut also, at no time, by no means, on no condition, in no case, in no event, nowhere, seldom等。例如：Seldom do I go to work by bus.我很少乘公共汽车上班。Never will he forget his first time to take a plane.他将永远不会忘记第一次坐飞机。Hardly had we finished our dinner when the electricity was cut off.我

22、们刚吃完晚饭就停电了。No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.我刚到家就下起了雨。（4） 在含有had/were/should的虚拟条件句中，可以省略if,将had/were/should放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。例如：Had Mark invited me, I would have been glad to come.要是马克邀请我的话，我会很愿意去的。Were I you, I would take up art.如果我是你，我就会选修艺术。Should Mary call, say that Ill be back in an h

23、our.如果玛丽来电话，就说我一个小时后回来。（5） 在sothat句式中，如果so引导的部分前置，主句中的主语和谓语需要用部分倒装。例如：So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.他开车如此粗心，以致差点把自己害死了。So absorbed was he in the novel that he did not notice his father at the door.他沉浸在小说中，以致于没注意到他父亲在门口。（6） as引导让步状语从句时不可置于句首，应把作表语的形容词、名词、动词和副词提到as的前边。例如：Chi

24、ld though/as he was, he was able to stand on his own feet.尽管他是孩子，但他已经能够独立生活了。Try as he might, he didnt pass the exam.尽管很用功，但他考试还是不及格。Much as I would like to see you, Im afraid you may find it inconvenient to come in this hot weather.尽管我非常想见到你，但恐怕在这样热的天气里去会不方便。强调句It is / was that 强调句型这种结构由“It is/was+

25、被强调部分+that+剩余部分”构成。例如：Jane has been living in London since she left China.简自离开中国以来一直住在伦敦。It is Jane that/who has been living in London since she left China.(对主语Jane进行强调)It is in London that Jane has been living since she left China.(对地点状语in London进行强调)It is since she left China that Jane has been li

26、ving in London.（对时间状语从句since she left China 进行强调）It was the ship that brought you to England.是船把你带到英国来的。It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong Rive.首先是我的姐姐想到骑车沿湄公河这个主意的。对not until句式的强调对notuntil句式进行强调时应将not置于被强调部分里面。例如：It was not until the 1920s that pompons began to

27、 play an important part in cheerleading.直到20世纪20年代，彩线球才在拉拉队员的表演中发挥重要作用。It was not until you pointed it out to me that I realized my mistake.直到你给我指出错误，我才意识到。独立主格结构独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，独立主格结构主要分为两种，一种为“逻辑主语+非谓语动词结构”，一种为“with/without + 复合宾语”结构。1.“逻辑主语+非谓语动词”结构，逻辑主语一般由名词或代词充当。名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。（1）不定式构成

28、的独立主格结构 不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态，在句中常作原因状语，偶尔做条件状语。例如： Lots of work to do, I have to work extra hours. ( As/Because I have lots of work to do )由于有很多活要做，我只得加班工作。（2）现在分词构成的独立主格结构现在分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语；如果现在分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就应在v-ing形式前加上逻辑主语，这便构成了现在分词的独立主格结构。一般在句中常作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和方式状语。例如：All the s

29、tudents having sat down, the lecture began. (=After all the students had sat down)所有学生坐好后，讲座开始了。（时间状语）His hand waving in the air, the little boy ran away. (=As his hand was waving in the air)小男孩的手在空中摇晃着跑开了。（伴随状语）The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. (=As the guide l

30、ed the way)向导领着路，我们毫不费劲的走出了森林。（原因状语）Time permitting, we will answer your question after the discussion. (=If time permits)如果时间允许的话，我们讨论之后会回答你的问题。（条件状语）（3）过去分词构成的独立主格结构过去分的独立主格结构是“逻辑主语+过去分词”，在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和伴随状语等。例如：The test finished, well have our summer vacation.(=After the test has been finishe

31、d)考试结束后，我们将开始暑假了。（时间状语）Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it.吉姆专心致志的听着讲座，所有的注意力全用在上面了。（伴随状语）The book written in simple English, it will be more popular. (=If the book is written in simple English)如果这本书用简易英语写的话，将会更流行。（条件状语）Many funny pictures included in this b

32、ook, a great many children love reading it. (=Because many funny pictures are included in this book)这本书包含了很多滑稽的图片，所以很多孩子喜欢阅读。（原因状语）2.”with/without +复合宾语”结构”with/without +复合宾语”结构在句中常作原因状语、伴随状语、定语等。这种结构主要有如下几种情况：（1）with/without+名词/代词+形容词With the door open, the noise of the machine is almost deafening.

33、由于门开着，机器的噪音几乎震耳欲聋。（原因状语）I prefer to read with music on.我乐意开着音乐读书。（伴随状语）（2）with/without+名词/代词+副词With her sisiter out, she had to stay at home alone.因为她姐姐出去了，她只得待在家里。（原因状语）The little boy sat in front of the house, with his shoes off.这个小男孩站在房子前面，没有穿鞋。（伴随状语）（3）with/without+名词/代词+介词短语With so much informa

34、tion on the Internet, it really takes time to search for what we need.因特网上有这么多信息，需要花时间寻找我们需要的信息。（原因状语）The old man, with thick glasses on his nose, is a pianist.这位戴深度眼镜的老人是一位钢琴家。（定语）（4）with/without+名词/代词+不定式With the boy to lead the way, we will find the cave easily tomorrow.如果有小孩带路，我们明天会容易的找到山洞的。（条件状

35、语）With so much work to do, I cannot spare a minute.有这么多活要做，我一分钟也抽不出来。（原因状语）（5）with/without+名词/代词+现在分词Without anyone noticing, I stole into the room.没有人注意，我偷偷地溜进了屋子。（伴随状语）With so many children talking and laughing, I couldnt settle down to my work.这么多孩子又说又笑，我不能沉下心来工作。（原因状语）（6）with/without+名词/代词+过去分词T

36、he boy was crying with the toy broken.玩具坏了，那男孩在哭。（原因状语）You should go to sleep with the light turned off.你应该把灯熄了再睡。（伴随状语）语法填空习题：The World Economic Forums report has some _(strike) findings, both on how we will work in the future, and on how technology _ (affect) the numbers and types of jobs availabl

37、e. It also found _ (evident) that these changes are likely to be more rapid because of the pandemic. _ (global) , it predicts that machines will replace 85 million jobs by 2025, but more new roles 97 millionare likely _ (emerge). But in the present, the report says millions of _ (worker) have alread

38、y experienced profound(意义深远的) changes _ have hit disadvantaged people more fiercely. In two months, the pandemic destroyed more jobs _ the financial crisis did in two years. The report says there will be opportunities in what it _ (describe) as new professions. These are not limited to technology. S

39、everal reflect _it calls the continuing importance of human interaction, such as care, marketing, and culture.【答案】striking; will affect; evidence; Globally; to emerge; workers; that/ which; than; describes; whatChina was once the worlds biggest recipient of overseas trash. Because of a _56_ (short)

40、of enough raw materials, China began importing solid waste in 1980. The recycling of _57_ (import) waste helped to fill that gap. Recycling foreign trash has support the development of Chinas manufacturing sector and further boosted its economy. After _58_ (process), garbage can be turned into mater

41、ials that can be used to make products, such as chairs and bags. However, importing this waste has brought _59_ (many) risks than benefits. Waste that cant be _60_ (proper) used is either burned or buried, _61_ processing recyclables also leads to rivers, air and land pollution, as well as _62_ (var

42、y) diseases. But from Jan 1, 2021, China will make a sweeping ban _63_ all imports of solid waste. According to China Daily, the ban taking effect in 2021 is the final stage of policies introduced in 2017, since _64_, the volume of foreign waste _65_ (fall) by 68 percent, from 42 million to 13 milli

43、on tons in 2019. “The victory of realizing the goal of zero imports of solid waste is in sight,” said Qiu Qiwen, from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.【答案】56. shortage 57. imported 58. being processed 59. more 60. properly 61. while 62. various 63. on 64. when 65. has fallenYou may remember b

44、ack at the start of December, 56 China carried out their unmanned Change-5 mission and the spacecraft touched down on the moon to collect samples for research. Now it 57(success) returned to the Earth. This is the most significant event in Chinas space field, and also one of the most notable space 5

45、8(activity) globally. Change-5, 59 (launch) by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket early on Nov 24, is the nations 60(large) and most complex lunar probe. It returned with 1,731 grams of lunar rock and soil to the Earth, 61(mark) a historic accomplishment 44 years after the last lunar substance

46、s were taken back. The 23-day mission was Chinas first space journey to claim extraterrestrial samples, making 62 the third country to accomplish the task, the first being the USA in the 1960s and the second Soviet Union in the 1970s.The spacecraft 63(enter) the Earths atmosphere at an altitude of a

47、round 120km. As soon as it was 10km above land, it released its parachute and landed smoothly in Chinas Inner Mongolia. Now the spacecraft has been air lifted to Beijing where the samples 64(examine) by scientists very soon.The missions results will contribute 65 mankinds deeper understanding of the

48、 moons origins and the evolution of the solar system.【答案】56when57successfully58activities59launched60largest61marking62it63entered64will be examined65toPan Shixue, a silversmith (银匠) in Maliao village in Guizhou Province, used to dream of people living 56 abundant life in his village, where nobody h

49、as to work far away from home and customers go there for beautiful silver jewellery. Now his dream has come true.Maliao village is famous for its silver jewellery. In fact, Miao ethnic silversmith technique 57 (list) as Chinas national-level intangible cultural heritage in 2006. But with cheaper, ma

50、chine-made trinkets (小首饰) 58 (rule) the market, they couldnt rely on the old technique to survive.At that time, most people in the village lived under the poverty line, 59 means they could simply afford food and 60 (base) clothing, but seldom purchase things like bicycles or televisions. So many vil

51、lagers left their hometown 61 (hopeless). But in 2018, the government allocated 580,000 yuan of poverty funds to set up the Silverware and Embroidery Workshop of Maliao Village, helping Maliao villagers fight poverty 62 their own crafts.Since that year, most young craftsmen 63 (return) to their home

52、town and found a bright future. With the help of the government, they learned 64 (fashion) trends and how to meet clients various 65 (request). Instead of holding on to old ideas and existing design, villagers enhanced their skills and made their products customized.【答案】56. an;57was listed;58ruling;

53、59which;60basic;61hopelessly;62with;63 have returned;64fashionable;65RequestsBy 1972, Lonely Planet founders Tony and Maureen Wheeler 56 (complete) a life-changing journey from London to Australia, and written a booklet about a portion of it: Across Asia on the Cheap. As they sat in 57 Italian resta

54、urant tasting a few glasses of wine, they tried to dream up the name for 58 (they) new publishing company. “Once while travelling across the sky,” said Tony, 59 (repeat) the lyrics to the song Space Captain, as sung by Joe Cocker, “this lonely planet caught my eye.” The correct words were actually “

55、lovely planet”, 60 somehow “lonely planet” stuck and here we are today. Our hippy-era（嬉皮士年代）name must never have sounded 61 (suitable) than it does right now, if your passion for travel 62 (contain) as you avoid mixing with others. Im so glad we can deliver you some much-needed mental escapism with

56、this issue: to transport you between the 63 (place) and people we hope youll soon be encountering in person again. Let me finish my speech by saying thank you 64 my happy and highly creative team, 65 good humour and spirit of adventure Ive so appreciated all these years.【答案】56. had completed 57. an5

57、8. their59. repeating60. but61. more suitable 62. is contained63. places64. to65. whoseWhat annoys you most in life? A new survey on annoying things has some interesting findings. The report _36_ (divide) into a number of categories. Transport comes fairly high up in the list, with buses, planes and

58、 trains all capable _37_ driving us mad. Some of the things we find most irritating (令人恼火的) about buses include missing a bus, _38_(particular) after running to the bus stop, and people in buses who crowd near the entrance _39_(refuse) to move down to the end of the bus.The airport is also a place t

59、hat can really wind us up. Being hit by out-of-control luggage carts or being caught on the ankles by someone who cant control them properly is enough to make us see red. Getting in _40_ slow-moving queue to check in our baggage when our flight is about to leave _41_ (be) also enough to make our blo

60、od pressure soar. _42_ (delay) flights are obviously annoying, but airlines that refuse to keep us up to date with the latest travel information make us even _43_ (angry).The train _44_ (cause) bother as well. Blocked toilets, buffet cars with no sandwiches and passengers _45_ make loud mobile phone

61、 calls all appear on the list.【答案】36. is divided 37. of 38. particularly 39. refusing 40. a 41. is 42. Delayed 43. angrier 44. causes 45. who / thatWith Chinese hit by quarantine（隔离期）and travel restrictions as well as just cautious about going out to the shops due to the coronavirus epidemic（流行病），co

62、mpanies in China are experimenting with new tricks to make sales. Oil giant Sinopeckeen to get customers back in their cars and help farmers due to roadblocks_41_(launch) a new project last month called zero touch vegetable sales at its 6,000 gas stations in 147 Chinese cities._42_(consume) place an

63、d pay for orders on the app. When they drive up gas station, employees put the vegetables into their car trunk,_43_(avoid) any need for human-to-human contact.The coronavirus outbreak has made _44_difficult for people to shop as before, said Li Hong, vice president of Sinopecs convenience store sale

64、s division. Travel demand has been falling, but demand for food is pretty rigid.Mengniu Dairy, Chinas dairy producer, is racing to add more vending machines _45_the 10.000 it currently has, saying the epidemic has driven unexpectedly strong demand for the sales channel. Its system allows customers t

65、o order products like milk and yoghurt online _46_can then be picked up from their local vending machine. The virus outbreak has decreased consumption for dairy products as people _47_(forbid) to go to the supermarket, said Meng Fanjie, head of the companys Communist Party committee. Luckin Coffee,

66、a _48_(compete) rival to Starbucks, now also offers the sanitizer（消毒）products (e.g. hand soap) besides coffee. Liu Xingliang, _49_independent retail analyst, said, however, that Luckins strategy would have only a modest impact. At best some users will place an order when they buy coffee, but nobody

67、is _50_(deliberate) choosing the Luckin app just to buy sanitizer.【答案】41. launched 42. Consumers 43. avoiding 44. it 45. to 46. which 47. are forbidden 48. competitive 49. an 50. deliberatelyBackpack Chinas Silk RoadThis is not a voyage that many travelers experience; its often overlooked in favour

68、of more accessible and famous destinations in China.But for adventurous travelers looking for something 56 (true)different,backpacking the Chinese Silk Road brings glorious rewards.In history, the Silk Road included many routes that connected east and south Asia to Mediterranean Europe,so 57 (name)b

69、ecause the largest goods traded down the route were Chine silk.Several historical 58 (branch) in the road mean that you have options when 59 (decide)your route. Chinas northwest is historically one of 60 (it) least connected regions. The Jiayu pass, where the impressive Jiayuguan Fort was built in t

70、he 1370s, 61 (mark) the end of the Great Wall.The region spreads over 2,400km,most of 62 is separated by vast areas of desert. The region is now connected by high-speed rail, making getting around 63 easy thing. If taking an overnight train trip, equip yourself 64 food and plenty of bottled water be

71、fore you start. Trains also usually sell beer and wine, but at high prices, so be sure to pack your own,as having a ganbei is a great way 65 (meet) locals and make friends while travelling.【答案】56. truly 57. named 58. branches 59. deciding 60. its 61. marks 62. which 63. an 64. with 65. to meetWhat a

72、nnoys you most in life? A new survey on annoying things has some interesting findings. The report _36_ (divide) into a number of categories. Transport comes fairly high up in the list, with buses, planes and trains all capable _37_ driving us mad. Some of the things we find most irritating (令人恼火的) a

73、bout buses include missing a bus, _38_(particular) after running to the bus stop, and people in buses who crowd near the entrance _39_(refuse) to move down to the end of the bus.The airport is also a place that can really wind us up. Being hit by out-of-control luggage carts or being caught on the a

74、nkles by someone who cant control them properly is enough to make us see red. Getting in _40_ slow-moving queue to check in our baggage when our flight is about to leave _41_ (be) also enough to make our blood pressure soar. _42_ (delay) flights are obviously annoying, but airlines that refuse to ke

75、ep us up to date with the latest travel information make us even _43_ (angry).The train _44_ (cause) bother as well. Blocked toilets, buffet cars with no sandwiches and passengers _45_ make loud mobile phone calls all appear on the list.【答案】36. is divided 37. of 38. particularly 39. refusing 40. a 4

76、1. is 42. Delayed 43. angrier 44. causes 45. who / thatStarbucks will eliminate plastic 36 (straw) from its stores worldwide in 2021 to reduce pollution 37 (cause) by plastic, the company says. The coffee retailer (零售商)will gradually reduce using single-use straws 38 its more than 28, 000 locations,

77、 cutting out 39 estimated 1 billion straws each year. Customers will instead be given plastic lids designed for use without a straw or with non-plastic straws. “Not using a straw is the 40 (effective) thing we have ever done for the environment,” said Colleen Chapman, vice-president of Starbucks glo

78、bal social impact, in a statement. The announcement came just one week after Seattle, Washington home to Starbucks headquarters became the first major US city 41 (ban) single-use plastic straws in bars and restaurants.Starbucks pushback against plastic has drawn a mixed 42 (react). M. Sanjayan, CEO

79、of Conservation International, issued a statement saying “500m plastic straws 43 (throw) away every day in the US” and praised Starbucks for its “meaningful action to protect our oceans” . But many consumers 44 (voice) concern for disabled people. “What about those 45 rely on straws due to disabilit

80、y? I often cant drink or eat without them.” a customer tweeted.【答案】36. straws 37. caused 38. from/in 39. an 40. most effective 41.to ban 42. reaction 43. are thrown 44. voiced 45. whoAs a child, Obaida Omar 56. _(narrow) escaped the enemys invasion of her native Afghanistan, walking for weeks throug

81、h themountains. Now a mother of three and Islamic Center of Rochester board member, Omar provided first-hand experience of what it means to be a child made 57. _(home) by war as the keynote speaker at the “Dinner for Peace” 58. _(host) by the Student Association forthe Development of Arab Cultural A

82、wareness last Saturday.About 250 guests attended the dinner, theproceeds(收益)of 59. _ will go to education for children affected by theMiddle Eastern refugee crisis.“Children did not create this conflict, 60. _ they are its greatest victims,” said Alanoud Alzaid, the groups president, who gave the op

83、ening speech at the dinner. “Tonight we have raised roughly $3,000 in profit, which means over 1,000 children can get the education they deserve,” he said. “61. _ you, tonight would not have been possible.”62. _(entertain) the audience, the Yellow Jackets kicked the night off with a 63. _(select) of

84、 lively songs. The Sihir belly(肚皮) dancing group also performed, with pride and authority in their costumes of shining gold and bright coral colors.“We 64. _(plan) this for two months now. It feels wonderful to see such an amazing turnout. It brings back the human element, making you remember that w

85、ere all the same.” said Gabby Stillman, an 65. _ (eleven) grader.On the whole, the dinner was a success. The audience was also full of praise.【答案】56.narrowly 57.homeless58.hosted59.which60.but 61.Without62.To entertain 63.selection64.have been planning65.eleventh China, which takes _36_ (proud) in f

86、our inventions in ancient times, has once again shown its ability _37_(change) the world with its “new four great inventions”: high-speed railways, electronic payment, shared bicycles and online shopping.Recently, the “new four great inventions” have improved the quality of peoples lives. Thanks to

87、online shopping and mobile payment, people can buy anything _38_ they want simply with a phone within doors. High-speed trains _39_ (short) the journey from Beijing to the coastal city Tianjin to half _40_ hour. As for the bikes, they themselves are not new. It is the operating model of bike-sharing

88、 _41_(base) on satellite navigation (导航) system, mobile payment as well as big data that has surprised the world. Shared bicycles are bringing cycling back to peoples lives _42_ they are making public transport more attractive.It is _43_ (increase) clear that China is no longer copying western ideas

89、 and is leading in many new ways. A growing number of foreign companies hope to promote the development in their home country _44_ highlighting the need for _45_ (technology) achievements like that of China.【答案】36. pride 37. to change 38. that 39. have shortened 40. an 41. based 42. and 43. increasi

90、ngly 44. by 45. technologicalChocolate is everywhere, but science is still sorting out this adored product. In 2018, Planta Medica published a review of previous research on chocolates effect 56 mood.The authors found that few of the studies 57 (analyze) chemically the chocolate consumed by particip

91、ants. That matters, said the authors, because chemicals present in chocolate vary widely based on how it 58 (process), such as roasting temperature and time. Also, one specific chemical, interaction between multiple chemicals or something else may 59 (entire) affect health. Our brains naturally prod

92、uce anandamide (大麻素). And its also found in chocolate, 60 leads to claims that the sweet stuff is the ultimate feel -good food. But, as the 2018 review noted, chocolate has only tiny 61 (amount) of anandamide, and it breaks down quickly.Chocoholics take heart, literally. A 2015 study linked 62 (high

93、) chocolate consumption with a lower risk for heart disease. Speaking of chocoholics, an April review of research on ones food 63 (addict) found evidence that chocolate produced neurobiological changes similar to those 64 (see) with drug use. The studies were not conclusive, 65 . So science still ha

94、s to sort that one out too.【答案】56. on/ upon 57. had analyzed/ analyzed 58. is processed 59. entirely 60. which 61. amounts 62. higher 63. addiction 64. seen 65. however/ though200 million years ago,our planet looked very different from _56_ it does today.It was _57_(entire)covered by sea,which surro

95、unded one single super-continent called Pangea.Then Pangea began to break up,and life was cast adrift(随波逐流)on fragments(碎片)of land.And these fragments eventually _58_(become)our seven continents.We will see how life developed on each continent,_59_(give)rise to the extraordinary and wonderful divers

96、ity that we see today.Well explore the remote reaches of Asia,home to rarely _60_(see)creatures.We will adventure to the frozen land of Antarctica, _61_life finds its way against the challenges.And to the riches of South America,full of the unexpected. And _62_Europe,a world transformed by human bei

97、ngs.And well discover how this may be the most significant moment for life on earth _63_the continents formed.We are changing the world so rapidly that wildlife now _64_(face) some of its greatest challenges yet.Never has it been a _65_ important time to reveal the precious diversity of life on our

98、seven continents.【答案】56. what 57. entirely 58. became 59. giving 60. seen 61. where 62. to 63. since 64. is facing 65. moreChinese art is an important part of the countrys cultural heritage. It _63_(distinguish) itself from Western painting in that it is drawn on Xuanpaper (or silk) with the Chinese

99、 brush and Chinese ink._64_ (attain) ability in this art, it is necessary to have a good control of the brush, and certain knowledge of Xuan paper and Chinese ink besides_65_(repeat) exercises. Before painting, the painter must have an outline in his mind and draw according to his imagination and ex

100、perience. Once he starts to paint, he will_66_ (normal) have to complete the work at one go, leaving possibility of any change of wrong strokes.Many a Chinese painter _67_(be) at the same time a poet who often adds a poem by his own hand on the painting, which always carries the impression of his se

101、al. The resulting piece of work is usually_68_ integrated(整合) whole of four branches of Chinese art - poetry, calligraphy, painting and seal-cutting.Chinese paintings_69_ (divide) into two major categories, free band brushwork (Xie Yi) and detailed brushwork (Gong Bi). The former is characterized by

102、 simple and bold strokes representing the exaggerated(夸张的) likeness of the objects_70_ the latter is done by fine brushwork and close attention to detail. Employing different techniques, the two schools try to achieve the same end, the creation of beauty.Its difficult to tell how long the art of pai

103、nting_71_ (exist) in China. Pots from 5000-6000 years ago were painted in color with patterns of plants and animals,_72_ reflected various aspects of the life of primitive people. These may be the beginnings of Chinese painting.【答案】63. distinguishes64. To attain65. repeated 66. normally67. is 68. an

104、 69. are divided70. while 71. has existed72. whichIf Li Ziqi hadnt started to make videos,she might have been a common village girl 61._(make)a living through hiring herself out at a local factory.Yet,Li 62_（shoot)to fame after she released short videos recording her 63_(peace)lifestyle in Chinas co

105、untryside.Since then,Li 64_(amaze)netizens with what she can do.Nothing seems impossible with her hands,65 _Can create wonderful things.The revival(复兴）of an ideal Chinese country life is 66 _the beauty of her videos lies.In the ideal rural life,people had a materially and psychologically contented l

106、ife through farming,while also having enough spare time 67_ hobbies.Along with fame also comes controversy(争议）.There are 68 _(debate)on whether Li makes the videos by herself.In response,she said initially she did all the work 69_(independent)but later on she worked with a team.Despite.the controversy,it is the charm of the traditional culture 70_(convey)in Lis videos that appeals to her global audience.【答案】61.making 62.shot 63.peaceful 64.has amazed/has been amazing 65.which 66.where 67.for 68.debates 69.independently 70.conveyed