专题07情态动词和虚拟语气（讲义）（原卷版）.docx

1、专题07 情态动词和虚拟语气(讲义)目 录考点 情态动词和虚拟语气 -1页 -=-1页 -2页【真题研析规律探寻】-2页考向1考查情态动词的基本用法-2页考向2考查情态动词的基本含义及用法-2页考向3考查虚拟语气中-3页【核心提炼考向探究】-3页1情态动词的基本用法-3页2情态动词后跟完成式的用法-7页3虚拟语气的常用用法-7页【题型特训命题预测】-7页预测考向1 考查情态动词的基本用法-8页预测考向2 考查情态动词+完成式的用法-8页预测考向3 考查虚拟语气-8页考点 情态动词和虚拟语气考情分析：分析2021-2023年新高考有关情态动词和虚拟语气的考向分布。题型语法填空书面表达高考考点情态

2、动词和虚拟语气高级句式2023全国甲卷can still (employ)【答案】be employed高考英语写作范文中时常有虚拟语气和涉及情态动词的句子。2020江苏卷I _(be) where I am.【答案】wouldnt be2019江苏卷or we _(have) a good time together.【答案】would have had总结高考考点，探究名词的命题规律。近年来，高考名词主要考查：情态动词后动词原形；虚拟语气和情态动词的融合。考点要求考题统计考情分析情态动词3年1考【命题规律】根据新高考三年的考情分析，情态动词和虚拟语气考点有可能在语法填空中考查，但更多的是在

3、写作中考查。虚拟语气3年多考考向1 考查情态动词的基本用法（情态动词后接动词原形）1.(2023年全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still _ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.2.（2024江苏省常州市联盟校调研） Altman said the technology could (use) for disinformation, emotional manipu

4、lation, or even “target drone strikes.”3.（2024河北省月考）The fact can (confirm) by a quick search on the Internet. This bowl of hot spicy delight seems simple but has contributed to noodle chains across Beijing.考向2 考查情态动词的基本含义及用法1. (2022新高考卷) Teachers and chaperones _ model good behavior for the group an

5、d remain with students at all times.2.(2022新高考卷)Class activities will vary from day to day, but students _ be ready to complete short inclass writings. 3.(2022全国甲卷)In humans, babies _ put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to d

6、o the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes.4.(2023黑龙江省双鸭山一中月考) I cant believe such a gentleman _ be so rude to the old. 5Mrs Morrison _ (make) a good salary in an office job instead of staying at home, but she decided not to work for the sake of her children.考向3 考查虚拟语气中1.（2020江苏卷）If I hadnt been

7、faced with so many barriers, I _(be) where I am.2. （2019天津卷）The workers were not better organized, otherwise they _(accomplish) the task in half the time.3.（2018江苏卷）There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _(have) a second chance to become more involved.4.（2018北京卷）They might have fou

8、nd a better hotel if they _(drive) a few more kilometers.5(2023新疆石河子一中月考)I advised that he _ (send)to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he was feeling quite well then.情态动词和虚拟语气考点的必备知识：1情态动词的基本用法。（1）can/could的用法表示能力，could表示过去的能力。表示可能(理论上或是逻辑上)。He cant/couldnt have enough money for a new car.

9、他不可能有足够的钱买一辆新车。表示允许。Can I have a look at your new pen?我能看看你的新钢笔吗？表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。He cant/couldnt be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁了。How can you be so careless? 你怎么能这么粗心呢？比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Can/Could you lend me a hand? 你能帮我一下吗？（2）may/might的用法表示允许。might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。回答以may引起的问句时，用Yes, pl

10、ease./Certainly./Please dont./Youd better not.等。表示可能。might可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。（3）must的用法表示义务，意为“必须”(主观意志)。All visitors must report to reception. 所有来宾必须到接待处报到。用must提问，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt/dont have to。表示推测，暗含很大可能性，意为“想必，准是，一定”等，只用于肯定句。He must be ill. He looks so pale.他一定是病了。他看起来很苍白。表示“偏偏，非要”。

11、【易错提醒】Must you ask me such a question?你非得问我这样的问题吗？mustnt 意为“不要，千万别”，表示禁止。【易错提醒】Children mustnt play with fire.孩子们不能玩火。（4）shall的用法表示征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。表示说话人的意愿，有“命令，允诺，警告，决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。You shall do as I say. (命令) 你要照我说的去做。Everyone shall not pass without permission! (警告)没有允许，任何人休想通过！（5）will的用法表示意

12、愿，用于各种人称陈述句。【易错提醒】If you will read the book, Ill lend it to you.如果你愿意读这本书，我就借给你。表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。【易错提醒】These things will happen. 这些事情早晚要发生。表示临时作出的决定。【易错提醒】Someone is knocking at the door.I will answer it.有人在敲门。我来开门。（6）would的用法表示意愿。【易错提醒】She just wouldnt do what I asked her.她就是不愿照我说的去做。表示委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。表示

13、过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。【易错提醒】When he was young, he would sit in front of the door, waiting for his father to come back home.小时候，他常常坐在门口等着爸爸回家。（7）should/ought to的用法表示义务，意为“应该”(某件事适宜做)，用于各种人称。You should be polite to your teachers.你应该对老师有礼貌。Such things ought to be banned.这种事应该禁止。表示推测，意为“想必，一定，照说应该，估计”等。They

14、 should be home by now.他们现在应该在家。If he started out at nine, he ought to be here by now.他如果九点出发，现在应该到这里了。should还可以用在if引导的虚拟条件从句中。should置于句首时，省略if，相当于“万一”的意思。【易错提醒】If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。Should you change your mind, please let us know.万一你改变主意，请让我们知道。should还

15、可用在以 why, who, how等开头的疑问句或某些感叹句中，带有感情色彩。意为“竟然，竟会”。 【易错提醒】Why should you be so late today?你今天竟然来得这么晚？在It isadj.that从句中，从句的谓语动词常用should动词原形，should可以省略。【高频再现】 It is vital that every student (should) respect their teachers.每个学生都应该尊重他们的老师，这很重要。（8）need的用法need表示必要性，常用于疑问句和否定句中，neednt表示“不必”。need作实义动词时，可用于肯定

16、句、否定句和疑问句中，有人称、数和时态的变化；其后可接名词、代词、带to的不定式或动名词作宾语。The classroom needs cleaning.The classroom needs to be cleaned.教室需要打扫。（9）dare的用法dare意为“敢，敢于”，没有人称、数和时态的变化，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，后接动词原形。作实义动词时，在肯定句中通常接带to的不定式，在疑问句和否定句中，dare之后的不定式可省略to。We should not be producing compliant students who do not dare (to) critic

17、ize.我们不应当把学生培养成不敢批评的唯唯诺诺的人。（10）used to/had better/might as well的用法used to动词原形表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不再发生或不存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.过去在街角有一幢大楼，但现在已经被拆掉了。I used not/didnt use to like opera. 我过去不喜欢歌剧。Used you/Did you use to go to school on foot

18、?你过去常常步行去上学吗？had better意为“最好”，后面接动词原形，否定式为had better not do。【高频再现】We had better take an umbrella in case it rains.以防下雨，我们最好带把伞。might as well意为“倒不如，还是做好”。 【高频再现】The heavy rain ruined our trip. We might as well have stayed at home.大雨毁了我们的旅行。我们还不如待在家里。2情态动词后跟完成式的用法分类形式用法对过去的推测must have done对过去的动作的肯定推测，

19、表示肯定做过某事cant/couldnt have done表示对过去情况的否定推测，用于否定句和疑问句，表示不可能做过某事may/might have done表示对过去情况的不太肯定的推测；用于肯定句、否定句，但不用于疑问句。表示“可能”。might have done 也用于虚拟语气句，表示未实现的动作对过去情况的后悔、遗憾或责备等neednt have done过去没有必要做但实际上做了should/ought to have done过去本应该做而实际上并未做would have done本来会做而未做could have done本来可以做但是实际没有做3虚拟语气的常用用法 （1）

20、if虚拟条件句的用法 场合从句谓语动词形式主句谓语形式与现在事实相反动词过去式(be用were)would / could / should / might+ 动词原形与过去事实相反had +动词过去分词would/ could / should / might have done与将来事实相反1.动词过去式(be用were)2.were to + 动词原形3.should + 动词原形would / could / should / might + 动词原形（2）从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”的情况 (坚持insist命令order, command建议advise, sugges

21、t, recommend要求demand, desire, require, request)接从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。但应注意insist表示“坚持说”，suggest表示“暗示，表明”时，后接宾语从句应用陈述语气。It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week.名词(order, command, advice, suggestion, requirement等)后接从句，该从句谓语动词用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。We agreed to theord

22、erthat the task(should) be completedat 5 oclock.It is necessary/strange/ impossible.that.从句谓语用should+动词原形，且should可以省略。若从句涉及已经发生的动作，则应用should have done。It is strange that he should have acted toward his parents like that.（3）特殊句型中虚拟语气的用法I wish that从句与过去、现在、将来事实相反，分别用had done, did, would/could do。I wis

23、h从句结构示例与现在事实相反一般过去式I wish it were autumn now.与过去事实相反过去完成式He wished he had not lost the chance.与将来事实相反would+动词原形I wish you would come soon.if only表示“如果该多好”，as if/though表示“好像”，从句虚拟用法同上。I would rather that从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与现在、将来相反用一般过去时。It is high/about time that.后面常用did或should do, should不能省，意为“早该”。情态动词

24、和虚拟语气考点的关键能力：1熟练掌握情态动词的基本用法：情态动词+动词原形。2根据具体的语境判断使用相应的情态动词。3注意情态动词的特殊用法。例如should“竟然”。4根据具体语境恰当使用虚拟语气表达自己的思想感情，尤其是在写作中。【2024年高考命题预测】根据高考考情分析2024年高考将：（1）有可能考查情态动词与动词的连用情况；（2）考查情态动词+完成式表推测仍然是重难点；（3）虚拟语气在写作中表示考生的思想感情。预测考向1 考查情态动词的基本用法1.（2023江苏省南通）Affected by the poem, we felt the responsibility that we _

25、 assume to strive for our motherland.2.（2023海南省琼海市嘉积中学月考）Children 8 years of age and under _ be accompanied by an adult.3. Not only _ he play the piano,but also he plays the violin very well.预测考向2 考查情态动词+完成式的用法1(2023河南省九师联盟联考)There are several theories about why dinosaurs suddenly died out, one of w

26、hich says their disappearance _ (cause) by the climate change.2I cant find Charlie anywhere; I think the mailman _ (forget) to close the gate.预测考向3 考查虚拟语气1(2023海南省海口市高三能力诊断)I _ (not worry) before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.2(2023辽宁省辽西联合校高三期中考试)I am sure I would have lost him if I _ (continue) dancing.3It is high time that we _ (join) hands to protect the only home we have.4.（2018江苏卷）Its strange that he _ have taken the books without the owners permission.