专题07 首字母填空-2022年江苏中考英语各大题型易错题及应对策略 .docx

1、首字母填空-2022年江苏中考英语各大题型易错题及应对策略【命题特点】主观型首字母填空也称为限制型完形填空。它的特点是将一篇文章中若干个词“掏空”，留下该词的首字母，它既作为提示又作为限制，让我们根据短文的意思把单词拼写完整，使文章连贯。学生们在通读全文、掌握大意的前提下，采用先易后难，再逐项填空的应试策略。做题时要通过字里行间来捕捉信息，既要理清逻辑，又要综合考虑，最后通过复读全文来消除疏漏。【备考过程指导】1. 通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解与阅读理解题和其它类型的完形填空一样，首先要通读短文，了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文

2、的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过。因此，在解题之前通读一遍短文，目的是对文章有全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。2. 复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在阅读过程中，要注意上、下文的关系，这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。有些短文填空题，有时出现约3%5%的生词是很正常的，这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它

3、的词义。3. 反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲技巧再次通读短文，对留空的句子进行全面的分析，看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读，要留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式。4. 认真复查全文，把握整体和词形做完以后，再认真读一遍，检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符，文章是否通顺，前后是否呼应，有无句型结构及语法错误。从实际中看，很多学生能够充分利用词首字母和短文内容填写单词，但是，问题往往出现在单词的形式变化上。比如填q，要求填写quickly，而多数考生只知道填写quick，忽略了词性问题。因此，深思熟虑很重要。【应试方法技巧指

4、导】技巧一：了解首字母填空常考单词一、名词（一）感觉与感情类attentionhobbyshamecareinterestsilencecheerjoysensecheatlaughsmellcrylovesmiledoubtpardonsurpriseemotionpeacesweetexcusepitytastefavoritepleasuretouchfearpraisewishfeelingpridewonderfunregardworrygreetingrespectvictoryhateregret（二） 选择与态度类advicedreamreasonattitudedutysuc

5、cessagreementeffortsuggestionbehaviormindtaskchoiceplanthoughtconclusionpromisewelcomedecisionpurposewill二、代词alleverybodyoneanothereveryoneotheranyeverythingseveralanybodyfewsomeanyonemany, ,more, mostsomebodyanythingnobodysomeonebothnonesomethingeachnothingsuch三、形容词（一）积极感情类ablefamousproperactivefan

6、tasticproudbeautifulfreerealbravefunnyseriousbrightgladsilentcarefulgreatsimilarcertainhealthysimplecheaphelpfulsmartcleanhonestsmoothclearhumorousspecialcleverinterestingstrongcomfortablekindsuccessfulconfidentlivelysweetcoollovelytidycorrectluckyusefuldeliciouspatientwarmearlypleasantwelcomeeasypo

7、litewell(better, best)enoughpopularwiseexcellentprettywonderfulfairsafeworthfriendly（二）消极感情类absentdifficultsickafraiddirtysillyangryexpensivesleepybitterhardsorryblindhungrystrangeblueillstrictboringlatestupidbusylazyterriblecarelesslonelythirstycrazynervoustiredcruelpooruglydangeroussadweakdarkshy四

8、、副词actuallyangrilybeautifullycarefullycertainlyclearlycompletelycorrectlydailydirectlyearlyeasilyespeciallyexactlyfinallygentlyhappilyhardlyheavilyimmediatelyloudlyluckilymainlynearlyonlypolitelypossiblyprobablyproperlyquicklyquietlyrarelyreallyrecentlysafelyseriouslyslowlysoftlysuddenlyusuallywidel

9、yalmostabroadaheadalonealreadyanywheredownstairshardinsteadonlineoutsideperhapssoonratherseldomstillthen【例题精讲】1. He collected broken things which people threw away and fixed them into good o_.2. By 1900, thousands of women were working at real jobs in schools, hospitals, and offices in both England

10、and America. Some women even m_ to become doctors or lawyers.3. If a student gets caught cheating, the teacher may give a zero on the test, s_ him or her to the head teachers office, and call his or her parents. W_ than the bad grade may be the feeling of having disappointed those people, like paren

11、ts and teachers.4. Mona Lisa(蒙娜丽莎) is probably a picture of his mother. On the back of Mona Lisa, there is a Chinese landscape and e_ her face looks Chinese.5. Since the new ban was announced, Chinas technology companies have been a_ to take this kind of emoji away.答案：objects；managed；send; Worse；eve

12、n; asked技巧二：了解首字母填空常考重点词组带有 with 词组agree with ab.be careful withbe connected with/tobe covered withbe familiar withbe busy withbe pleased withbe satisfied withbe strict withcommunicate withgo on withget along with(on)help sb. with sth.make friends withplay withshake hands withshare.withtalk with sb.

13、with great carewith pleasurewith the help of带有 of 词组a bit ofa couple ofa kind ofa lot ofa pair ofa piece ofat the end ofbe afraid ofbe fond ofbe full ofbe made ofbe made up ofbe proud ofbecause ofconsist ofdie ofdream ofget into the habit ofget rid ofget tired ofhear ofhuge amounts ofin charge ofin

14、favor ofin front ofin the middle ofinstead ofmake fun ofout ofout of dateplenty ofrun out oftake care oftake charge oftake hold ofthink of带有 from 词组be different fromchange e fromfar away fromhear fromkeep. fromlearn. fromstop.fromtell.fromprevent.fromprotect.from带有 for 词组apologize to sb for sth.ask

15、for (leave)be bad forbe famous forbe late forbe(bet) ready forbe responsible forcare forfor the first timefor the time beingleave forwait forpay forpraise sb. forprepare forlook 短语look afterlook forward tolook likelook outlook uptake 短语take a looktake a message for sbtake a(an)+交通工具take awaytake not

16、estake offtake ones advicetake outtake part intake placetake upmake 短语make a decisionmake a firemake a livingmake a mistakemake a noisemake friend withmake fun ofmake progressmake up ones mindon 短语on averageon businesson holidayon footon ones sideon the phoneon timedepend/rely onput 短语put offput onp

17、ut output up【例题精讲】1. Dr. Smith rushed out of his house when he heard that the patient was in d of death.2. When the bitterly cold night coming, in order to p her children from catching a cold, she made the suitcase as a bed for them to sleep into.3. Its very important for you to take some n while li

18、stening to something you cant immediately understand it.4. With the h of his teacher, little Tom finally could catch up with others and got some confidence.5. As the development of technology worsen the grassland in some degree, animals which l on grass may die of hunger.6. More and more men choose

19、to stay at home to take c of the babies while their wives go out to make a living for the family.7. When you grow up, the days that you d on your parents have gone.8. The village has been flooded for several months and now it is o of foods and clothes to meet peoples needs.9. Before he left, Jack le

20、ft a m on the desk to let her know he was there.10. Do not w for good things to happen to you. You need to walk towards happiness.答案：danger protect notes helplivecare depend out messagewait技巧三：了解首字母填空各种词类填空注意事项1. 动词：需要注意时态、语态及非谓语动词判断是否是动词的基本方法：不管句子的类型如何，英语中每个句子都有一个核心动词，去掉充当句子修饰部分的“枝叶”，留下的骨干部分，看是否为一个

21、完整的句子，是否缺少一个核心骨动词。其他诸如助动词后加动词原形，情态动词须和动词等小的知识点不再赘述，在讲解动词专题时带着详述。2. 名词：要点注意名词单复数和属格判断填写名词的基本方法：名词区别于其他此类的基本特征即是：名词前可以加上冠词。3. 形容词，副词：需要注意比较级和最高级形容词用来修饰名词，位于名词前,代词，位置可前可后，或者出现在系动词后，构成系表结构；若出现the _ +名词，even_或 _than.一般可认为是形容词，根据是形容词区别于其他词类的特性（比较级或最高级）。副词和形容词相似，也有比较级和最高级，一般用来修饰动词。但是程度副词，频率副词等往往也是考查重点。常考的副

22、词有：表强调的副词only，even，especially，still，also，always，almost，already；表否定的 hardly，never，seldom，rarely等；句中用逗号隔开的however，句后的again，together，altogether，instead，soon，anywhere等，句前的sometimes，usually等。平时同学们在做题时多留心，多总结高频出现的词，对增加做题的信心很有帮助。4. 代词: 注意人称代词，物主代词，和反身代词在首字母填空中常填的是不定代词和反身代词，我们如果能够正确地分析句子所缺成分，这类填词很容易得分。另外，代词

23、的填写主要集中在人称代词，物主代词以及反身代词。5. 连词：注意在复合句中的用法连词在首字母填空中经常出现，是用来连接一个从句的，在分析确定填连词后，翻译一下上下句，连词就可以确定了。常考的连词有b开头的but，because，before；u开头的until和unless；wh-的宾语从句的连接词；以及although，though，so等。判断是否为连词，看两个句子是否为完整的句子，若完整，再看两个句子之间的关系：并列，转折等，从而选择相应的连词；有些既是副词又是连词的词（如：when）,注意平时整理此类词在首字母填空中的常考词性。【例题精讲】1. This is part of the

24、citys f_ to reduce underage driving, police said.2. “To s_ similar cases, we have charged over 1000 people for underage driving,” a senior police officer told the BBC.3. First the paper is torn into tiny p_. Then a special water with chemicals is poured onto them. The fibers start to stick together.

25、 In time, a completely new roll of paper is c_.4. The Middle Ages began about 1500 years ago and l_ until about 650 years ago.5. If asked to name the most famous cartoon character from their country, Americans may say Mickey Mouse. And people in Belgium would proudly m_ Tintin.答案：fight(s); stop; pie

26、ces;created; lasted; mention【考生自测】As I entered an international high school, all my friends felt surprised at my short hair. This is because, my old school thinks teenage y_1_ arent the time for looking pretty. Then I coloured my hair blue. For the first time, I felt free and beautiful. This interna

27、tional school s_2_to meet my needs.I had a t 3 education background. I went to public schools, received normal (常规的) education and was required to follow r 4 like every other student. Later, I began to wonder w 5 this education was truly suitable for me. However, in the new school my high hopes were

28、 not met. For a while, I found myself in a surprising situation as I faced before. It was s_6_ the biggest challenge I faced in my education-the freedom to try new things. In the old system, I was strongly advised a 7 trying new things. But in my new school, it worked the opposite way-we had many ch

29、ances to try new things. But if I f 8 , I must be responsible (负责任的) because I put myself in such risk. Finally, it led me to get into trouble again.As time went by, I started to find my o_9_balance. In fact, none of the education systems in the world are perfect. I am l_10_enough to have a chance t

30、o bring great value from both systems together. As a result, Ive built a system for myself.【文章大意】这篇短文作者讲述了他经历的两种完全不同的教育体系，他原来的学校限制学生们的自由，要求学生们遵守很多的规则，反对学生们尝试新事物；而新学校正好相反。随着时间的推移，作者也意识到没有哪种教育体系是完美的，将不同体系的价值结合在一起，形成自己的体系，作者感到自己很幸运。1. 【答案】youth【解析】句意：这是因为我原来的学校认为青少年时期不是好看的时候。根据句意arent the time for look

31、ing pretty可知，这里应指的是“青少年时期”，单词的首字母是y，由此可猜到应填youth，意为“青年，青少年时期”。2. 【答案】seems【解析】句意：这个国际学校好像满足了我的需要。根据句意和首字母可知，这里应填seem，意为“似乎，好像”，后面常跟动词不定式，seem to do sth.“好像做某事”。短文第一段使用的是一般现在时态，主语The international school是单数，故动词应变为三单形式，填seems。3. 【答案】terrible【解析】句意：我的教育背景很糟糕。根据下文I went to public schools, received norma

32、l (常规的) education and was required to follow r_4_like every other student. Later, I began to wonder w_5_ this education was truly suitable for me.可知，作者对自己在从前的学校里接受的教育表示怀疑，不知道那种教育是不是适合“我”。结合首字母可知，这里应填terrible，“糟糕的”。4. 【答案】rules 【解析】句意：我上公立学校，接受常规的教育，像每一个其他的学生一样被要求遵守规则。根据句意follow.“遵守”和首字母r可知，这里应表示“遵守规

33、则”，应用名词rule，且学生们遵守的规则是有很多的，故应填复数形式rules。5. 【答案】whether【解析】句意：后来，我开始想知道这种教育是否真正适合我。根据句意I began to wonder和文意可知，作者不知道这种教育是不是适合他，故这里填whether，意为“是否”，引导宾语从句。6. 【答案】surprising【解析】句意：真的很令人吃惊，我在教育中面临的最大挑战是尝试新事物的自由。根据上句话For a while, I found myself in a surprising situation as I faced before.可知，这里作者说的是在新学校里让他吃

34、惊的事，故应填surprising，形容词，“令人吃惊的”，在句中作表语。7. 【答案】against【解析】句意：在旧的体系里，我被建议说反对尝试新事物。根据文意可知，作者接受的新旧两个教育体系是不一样的，下句话But in my new school, it worked the opposite way-we had many chances to try new things.“新学校鼓励学生们尝试新事物”，因此原来的学校是反对的，故这里填against，“反对，违抗”。8. 【答案】fail【解析】句意：但是如果我失败了，我必须要负责任，因为我把自己置于这样的风险之中。根据句意I m

35、ust be responsible可知，这里表示“假如失败的话”，应用fail，是一个动词。这一段使用的是一般现在时，主语为I，故动词填原形。9. 【答案】own 【解析】句意：随着时间的推移，我开始找到了我自己的平衡。根据文意和首字母可知，这里应填own，意为“某人自己的”，常和形容词性物主代词搭配使用。10. 【答案】lucky【解析】句意：我很幸运有机会将两个体系的巨大价值结合在一起。根据文意和句意to have a chance to bring great value from both systems together.可知，作者经历了两种教育体系，将他们的家长结合在一起，作者是

36、非常幸运的。故这里应填lucky，是一个形容词，意为“幸运的”。【好题优选】第一组：It was at an exhibition of the artists works organized by the Red Cross. I was invited as a special g 1 to attend the exhibition. During this period, two cute girls of 16 or 17 years old came to me and asked me for my signature(签名).“I havent brought my pen.

37、Is the p 2 okay?” Actually, I knew they wouldnt r 3 . I just wanted to show a well-known writers good manners to the c 4 readers. “Certainly,” the young girls readily a_5_. I could see they were very excited. Of course, their excitement also made me feel more pleased and satisfied. One of the girls

38、h_6_her fine notebook to me. I turned over the cover of the notebook, wrote a few words of encouragement n 7 and signed my name. The girl read my signature, frowned (皱眉), looked at me carefully and asked, “Arent you Robert Char?”“No,” I told her proudly, “Im the author of Alice Adams, the w 8 of two

39、 Pulitzer Prizes.”The young girl turned to the o 9 ,shrugged (耸肩) and said, “Mary, lend your rubber to me.” At that moment, all my p 10 turned into a bubble (泡泡) immediately. Since then, I always warn myself: no matter how outstanding you are, dont think highly of yourself.【文章大意】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述我应邀参加红十

40、字会举办的艺术家作品展，之前我非常的自豪和骄傲。两个小女孩找我要签名，我给其中一个女孩签完名后，女孩非常吃惊，我不是罗伯特查尔，我在那里自夸自己获得两次普利策奖。然而这个小女孩向另一个小女孩借了橡皮擦掉了我的签名。自此，作者经常警示自己：无论你多么优秀，不要过高地赞扬你自己。1. guest【解析】句意“我作为一个特邀嘉宾参加了这个展览”。根据句意可知，表示“特邀嘉宾”。guest客人，且根据空前a可知，用单数，故填guest。2. pencil【解析】句意“我没带钢笔，铅笔可以吗？”。根据Mary, lend your rubber to me可知，一个女孩向另一个女孩借橡皮擦我的签名，所以

41、空处表示“铅笔”。pencil铅笔，且根据is可知，用单数，故填pencil。3. refuse【解析】句意“事实上，我知道他们不会拒绝”。根据I just wanted to show a well-known writers good manners to the c_4_readers可知，我认为她们不会拒绝，我只想向普通的读者展示一个著名的作家的好的行为。refuse拒绝，且根据空前wouldnt可知，用动词原形，故填refuse。4. common【解析】句意“我仅仅想向普通的读者展示一个著名的作家的好的行为”。根据首字母可知，表示“普通的读者”。common普通的，故填common

42、。5. agreed【解析】句意“当然”，这个小女孩很乐意地同意了”。根据文意可知，我没有带钢笔，所以问他们铅笔可不可以，他们同意用铅笔。agree同意，且根据全文可知，用一般过去时，故填agreed。6. handed【解析】句意“其中的一个小女孩将她精美的笔记本递给我”。根据文意可知，小女孩找我要签名，所以他们将本子递给我。hand递，且根据全文可知，用一般过去时，故填handed。7. naturally【解析】句意“我翻开笔记本的封面，自然而然地写了几个鼓励的词并且签了我的名字”。根据句意可知，表示很自然地写下几个鼓励的单词，且空处修饰动词wrote，用副词，故填naturally。8

43、. winner【解析】句意“我是寂寞芳心的作者，两次普利策奖的获得者”。根据I told her proudly可知，表示我很自豪地告诉他们我是两次普利策奖的获奖者。winner赢家，获奖者，都是指“我”，用单数，故填winner。9. other【解析】 句意“这个年轻的女孩转向另一个女孩，耸耸肩说：把你的橡皮借给我”。根据During this period, two cute girls of 16 or 17 years old came to me and asked me for my signature可知，是两个女孩，所以表示“两者中另一个”，用the other，故填oth

44、er。10. pride【解析】句意“在那个时候，所有我的自豪立刻都变成了泡沫”。根据I just wanted to show a well-known writers good manners to the c_4_readers以及“No,” I told her proudly可知，之前我很自豪，所以我的自豪变成了泡沫。根据空前my可知，空处用名词。pride自豪，故填pride。第二组：November 21 is World Hello Day. At school, we learned that “How do you do?” and “How are you?” are s

45、tandard ways to say hello when meeting others. But do you know how to reply to them? Nowadays, do native speakers seldom use them today?As we learned, “How do you do?” is for greeting someone we meet for the f 1 time. And it can be answered with the same “How do you do?”. “How are you?” is often use

46、d to greet someone we k 2 well. It usually follows with an answer of “Im good, and you?” or “Im fine, and you?”.But English is a casual (随意的) language. The formal “How do you do?” is seldom s 3 by native(本族的，本土的) speakers. It is considered old-fashioned(过时的). Yet they greet each other in many other

47、ways.You may hear a conversation b 4 British people: “You all right?” “Yeah, you?” “Im good. Any plans for the weekend?” or “Hows it going?” “Yea, fine, and you?”. These ways of greeting are very p 5 for young people to say hello to friends.Americans like saying, “Whats up?” or “Whats good?” to frie

48、nds. Dont be confused (混淆的). It doesnt m 6 “Whats wrong?”. It is just one way of saying hello. And people usually give answers like “Not much” or “Nothing”. “Hey, man” is also popular. But it is only used among men. What do w 7 say? You guessed it. They often say “Hey, girl.” If you meet an Australi

49、an, you may hear “Gday, mate”. It means “Good day”. You can r 8 with the same “Gday”.However, there is no rule to say hello to each other. If you cant r 9 all of the above, just say “How are you?” . This is the most c 10 and standard way for people of all ages. You can reply with “pretty good”, “sam

50、e as usual” or “Im hanging in there.”答案：1.first 2.know 3.said 4. between 5.popular 6. mean 7. women 8.reply 9. remember mon 第三组：Thanksgiving is one of the most important holidays in the United States and Canada. In Canada it is celebrated on the second Monday of October, w 1 in the United States it

51、is celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November. On Thanksgiving Day, families and friendsg 2 to enjoy a Thanksgiving dinner, and thus Thanksgiving Day is sometimes referred to as “Turkey Day”. But what is Thanksgiving all about?Most people believe that Thanksgiving in America s 3 in Plymouth, Mass

52、achusetts in 1621, when a native-American Indian tribe (部落) helped a group of European settlersthe Pilgrims (朝圣者)to s 4 the awful conditions in the New World. The settlers were so grateful (感激的) that they shared a three-day harvest feast (宴会) with the tribe. Since then, Thanksgiving has become a lon

53、g-standing t 5 in America. Unlike the American tradition of remembering the help given by the native-American Indians to Pilgrims in the New World, Thanksgiving in Canada is s 6 a day for Canadians to give thanks for a successful harvest. Because the harvest season falls e 7 in Canada than in Americ

54、a. Thanksgiving in Canada is celebrated in October instead of November.As the n 8 of the holiday says, Thanksgiving is about being thankful. It is a time for people to give thanks to God, and it is also a time when everyone is r 9 of the things that they should be grateful for. Some people often thi

55、nk about what they do not have. Thanksgiving m 10 them think about the good things that they do have.Thanksgiving is a wonderful holiday. However, we should all be thankful for what we have on more than one day a year.答案：1. while 2. gather 3. started 4. survive 5. tradition6. simply 7. earlier 8. na

56、me 9. reminded 10. makes第四组：You may not realize it, but you are doing much more than just studying when you are at school. School is also the p 1 where you learn to get along well with people. But this is not always easy. What can you do if you just dont like one of your classmates?If you f 2 that y

57、ou have problems getting along with your classmates or friends, the most important thing to learn is tolerance(宽容). Tolerance is the ability to realize and respect the differences in others. We cannot change the w 3 that other people do, so it is important to learn to live h 4 with them.Tolerance wi

58、ll make everyone get on b 5 with each other. Knowing others constantly(不断地) makes us understand others differences.Something different does not exactly mean that it is bad. Tolerance t 6 us to keep an even temper(温和的脾气) and an open mind.You need to remember an old saying, “Treat others how you want

59、to be treated.” You would like to be treated kindly by your classmates, s 7 it is important to treat them kindly too. If you tolerate something, it does not mean that you have to like it. No one is asking you to change who you are or w 8 you believe in. Tolerance just means that you should respect t

60、he differences in others and not to try to make them change.It is important to practice tolerance because it will make e 9 life easier. Learn to accept people for their different abilities and i 10 . The world is very different, and practicing tolerance in your own school and city can help make things better.答案：1. place 2. find 3. way(s) 4. happily 5. better 6. teaches/tells 7. so 8. what 9. everyones/everyday 10. ideas