专题12 词汇考点汇总-2023年江苏中考英语一轮复习（牛津译林版）.docx

1、专题12 词汇考点汇总词汇主要考查英语的基础词汇及其变化形式。分为：名词，形容词，副词，动词，数词，介词，代词。【考点1】名词词汇涉及到名词的考点主要是：(1) 名词拼写(2) 名词所有格(3) 名词单复数形式(4) 常考名词后缀1. 中考常考名词拼写注意如下几个单词：passenger 乘客 customer 顾客 pronunciation 发音 dialogue 对话product 产品 advice 建议（不可数） suggestion 建议（可数） possibility 可能性pilot 行员 service 服务 2. 注意名词所有格（1） 名词所有格的构成法A. 单数名词词尾加

2、 s，复数名词词尾若没有s，也要加 s。the workers bike the Childrens ballB. 表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人名字后加 s若表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后 sThis is Lucy and Licys room.These are Kates and Jacks rooms.C. 如果是通过在词尾加s构成的复数形式的名词，只加。the students books the girls blouses(2) 名词+of+名词名词是有生命的，我们就用s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的，我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系.

3、如:the legs of the desk the door of the room(3) 双重所有格我爸爸的一个朋友 a friend of my fathers 注意：我爸爸的一张照片 a photo of my father(4) 一般s或者加在人和时间的后面，需要注意时间名词的所有格短语：今年的贺卡 this years card 两个月的假期 two months holiday=a two-month holiday其他一些特殊的所有格形式：each others books someone elses coat 【例题精讲】1. Do you know the correct

4、_(发音) of this foreign name?2. The _(possible) that may lead to success have been realized among us.3. 3. Hearing the _(乘客) excited laughter, we knew that they had a wonderful trip.4. The computer is one of the greatest _(发明) in the world. 5. 5. After several _(过失), he finally realized his dream. 6.

5、Whenever we go travelling, our own _(safe) must come first. 【答案】pronunciation; possibilities; passengers;inventions; misses; safety【巩固练习】1. As an old saying goes, “_(骄傲) goes before a fall.” Therefore, it is necessary to be modest about our achievements.2. The _(引进) of the foreign culture opens up a

6、 whole new world for us.3. That report was based on _(回复) to surveys received from more than 100 Governments.4. They have done a lot of _(研究) about this kind of animal.5. Some exciting _(think) came into my mind as I walked across the park just now.6. I hear that you bought a lot of gifts for your g

7、irlfriend. Do you have any _(目的)? 7. How excellent your _(pronounce) is! You must have a good teacher. 8. Sadly, the ship turned over and all the _(乘客) except 5 lost their lives.9. Can you tell me what the seven greatest _(奇迹) in the world are?10. Students should be given changes to experience real-

8、life jobs and get an idea of the _(possible) for their futures.【答案】pride; introduction; replies; research; thoughts; purpose; pronunciation; passengers; wonders; possibilities【考点2】数词中考词汇题数词主要考查基数词和序数词的拼写，要注意区分是使用序数词还是基数词。数词在词汇题考查的重点有：(1) 基数词序数词用法辨析：看后面所修饰的名词的单复数形式和含义；如果后面的名词是单数形式，用序数词；如果后面的名词是复数形式，用

9、基数词。(2) 分数表达法：表示分数时，分子用基数，分母用序数，分子大于1，分母用复数；(3) 在某人几十多岁的时候：in ones+基数词的整十的复数形式(4) 次数(5) 常考数词的拼写：四-four 十四-fourteen 四十-forty第四-fourth 第十四-fourteenth 第四十-fortieth九-nine 十九-nineteen 九十-ninety第九-ninth 第十九-nineteenth 第九十-ninetieth十二-twelve 第十二-twelfth 第二十-twentieth【例题精讲】1. Three _(five) of the distance h

10、as been covered but it was still hard for us to reach the end.2. Of all the _(十四) books on the desk, the one written by Yu Qiuyu is my favorite.3. Next Sunday is Fathers Day and it is also my fathers _(四十) birthday.4. One _(twelve) of the students have arrived at school except John.5. In the past _(

11、20) centuries, the world has changed a lot. 6. Lu Xun is considered as one of the best writers of the _(二十) century. 7. My grandma seems to be in her late _(九十) this year.【答案】fifths; fourteen; fortieth; twelfth; twenty; twentieth; nineties【巩固练习】1.He has donated five _(十二) of his money to children in

12、 poor areas.2.My father is in his late _(四十), but he is crazy about watching Running Man like teenagers.3.It is reported that our school is_(二) as large as theirs.4. In his _(forty), the middle-aged man finished half of the book.5.Two _(nine) of the space has been full of smoke. We must take action

13、now.6.How many flags of the _(11) national flags on the wall can you recognize?【答案】twelfths; forties; twice; forties; ninths; eleven【考点3】形容词副词词汇题涉及到形容词副词的考点主要是：1. 单词拼写（平时注意课本上重点形容词及副词的拼写）2. 形容词与副词的转换3. 形容词副词比较级最高级的变化形式4. 前缀和后缀的使用1）形容词可以通过变换规则转换成副词。（1） 大部分形容词加lycareless-carelessly; quiet-quietly; dif

14、ferent-differently（2） 以le结尾的形容词变le为lypossible-possibly; terrible-terribly; comfortable-comfortably; gentle-gently; simple-simply注意：初中阶段唯一一个需要去掉字母e的单词true-truly。（3）以y结尾的形容词变y为ilyeasy-easily; angry-angrily; noisy-noisily; happy-happily; heavy-heavily; healthy-healthily（4）不规则变化1) 本身既是形容词也是副词，无需改变； fast

15、-fast; early-early; high-high; hard-hard; late-late; far-far; wide-wide; alone-alone2) 形容词和副词为完全不同的单词good-well3) 虽然以ly结尾，但却是形容词，不能直接用来修饰动词;friendly; lively; lovely; lonely; likely很有可能的4）much/even/far/still可以修饰比较级的程度，如：He is much taller than me.；修饰原级的词：very, too, quite, so【例题精讲】1. You can take a _(cl

16、ose) look at the excellent drawings if you walk nearer.2. Look at the two boys. They look _(完全地) the same.3. The child was _(success) saved out of the burning building at last.4. The more you exercise, the _(health) you will become.5. He has made the _(satisfy) progress since he gave up playing comp

17、uter games.6. -How do you like the stewed Pork Ball in Brown (红烧狮子头)?-Not at all, the smell makes it _ to eat. (please)【答案】closer; completely; successfully; healthier; satisfying; unpleasant【巩固练习】1. You played the computer games all day long yesterday? No. You are _(简直) wrong. I was studying how to

18、make up a program.2 2.Jan looked _(hope) at her husband for a ticket to get closer to her favourite player.3.It is said that people in that town are much _(富裕) now because of the developed industry.4.Luckily, some of the victims werent _(严重) hurt in the traffic accident.5. The Bruce family had to gi

19、ve up camping in the mountain because the weather report said it would be much _(雾) tomorrow.6. Living in the wet hole _(comfort) and having no food make him seriously ill7. He is still _(sure) if his parents will come to the Open Day next weekend.【答案】simply; hopefully; wealthier; badly; foggier; co

20、mfortably; unsurethe+adj.最高级+n.，a+adj.比较级+n.：泛指，一个更.的（和已提及的事物相比较）【考点4】介词词汇题涉及到介词的考点，主要是一些常考易混介词的拼写。1.across 从表面穿过，过河，过桥，过马路。 through从内部穿过，过隧道 past 从旁经过，路过 over从垂直正上方越过 beside 在.旁边2.above 斜上方；楼上；温度超过零度 below 斜下方：楼下；温度低于零度3.under 垂直正下方；年龄低于 over 年龄高于4.beyond 超出； 无法 off 休息5.through 通过.手段、方法；以，凭借（后加抽象名词

21、）；接通电话；从头到尾 6.by 通过.方法（后加动词ing）7.with 用（后加具体的工具）8.except 除了.之外 9.on 开始；开着；开始 off 关着10.against 反对；违反；对抗；依着；靠着；映衬11.固定句型：with ones help 在某人的帮助下 have.off 休息 put through 接通电话 12.特殊介词：including 包括；包含【例题精讲】1.I will put the listeners of the program _(接通) at once if they call in. 2.Zhang Changning once scor

22、ed the most points in a game _(对抗) Thailand women volleyball team.3.The man standing _(靠) the wall is my physics teacher.4.My grandma is old and forgetful. She always leaves the stove _(开) when she goes out.【答案】through; against; against; on【巩固练习】1.- How did the Chinese boxer beat the Japanese one in

23、 just 23 seconds?- _(凭借) excellent skills. 2.The secretary tells us that we need to hold on until we are put _(通).3._(通过) his hard work, the teenager successfully became a member of the school basketball team.4.Spring is coming. I think the temperature will be _(超过）18C these days.【答案】Through; throug

24、h; Through; above常考介词有through、across、against（反对）、for（支持）、except（除了）等。【考点5】代词词汇题涉及代词的考点：1. 人称代词宾格2. 反身代词3. 名词性物主代词1）人称代词宾格 第一人称：me/us 第二人称：you/you 第三人称：him/her/it/them 2）反身代词：myself-ourselves yourself-yourselves himself/herself/itself-themselves反身代词固定结构:teach oneself 自学 say to oneself自言自说 improve one

25、self提高自己learn. . by oneself自学 enjoy oneself过得愉快 help oneself to. .随便吃些.吧 3）名词性物主代词：名词性的物主代词具有名词词性，后面不能修饰名词。区别方法：分辨形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词时只需要判断后面有没有名词，如果有，则用形容词性物主代词，如果没有，则用名词性物主代词。4）either 两者中的任何一个 neither 两者都不 none 三者或者三者以上都不whatever 任何事物【例题精讲】10. The couple looked quite calm. That is to say, the news di

26、d not surprise _(任何) of them.11. Simon and Linda looked at each other. They kept the secrets to _(they). 12. -Mike, could I use your e-dictionary? Ive lost _(I) in the park we visited yesterday.-Sorry, Ive lent it to Millie.13. Dont come close to the machine. It may hurt _(you). 14. Daniel, come and

27、 join your brother in cleaning the yard. Why _(my)? Sam is sitting there doing nothing at all.【答案】either; themselves; mine; you；me【巩固练习】 1. _(任何；一切事物) happens, Ill support you.2. Harry doesnt take medicine when he catches a cold. He always believes that body is able fight it by _(自己).3. Helen entere

28、d the library，found _(she) a seat by the window and started her work.4. Look! Some climbers are trying hard to pull _(they) up the rocks.5. She couldnt make _( she ) understand the question the teacher asked her.6. The couple often encourage _(they) to enjoy the ups and downs in their life.【答案】Whate

29、ver; itself; herself ; themselves; herself; themselves以考察不定代词（something、everything、anything、nothing）和反身代词（oneself）为主。【考点6】动词词汇题中动词考点主要是：1. 动词转化为名词；动词转化为形容词2. 非谓语动词；介词后要用动词ing形式3. 动词时态的变化1. 时态：1）一般现在时：客观真理，主将从现，物体或个人特性2）现在进行时：标志词：at the moment; at present; these days 语境3) 一般过去时：标志词：the other day; fin

30、ally 4) 过去进行时：标志词：all the time/the whole +过去时间点 语境：你为什么没有做？ 那个时候我正在 做完了吗？我不知道/不确定。昨天他还在。5) 一般将来时：标志词：in+时间段; how soon； 语境6) 现在完成时：标志词：so far; in the past XX years; since; recently 语境：另一句话是现在时，填的一句话是发生过的事情，表示对现在产生影响。 have been to表示去过某地，人在说话地；have gone to表示去了某地，人在目的地。 当句中有how long, for, since时，要与持续性动词

31、共用。2. 语态：1) be seen/made/had/heard to do; be seen/heard doing2) 不及物动词短语介词注意：be listened to be operated on3) require doing/need doing/be worth doing用doing表示被动4) 表示特性不用被动：sell well write well 5) 系动词, last, break out, happen, take place没有被动3. 非谓语动词：作主语：doing：Flying kites is fun. to do：It is fun to fly

32、kites.做宾语：doing：practice finish suggest imagine risk 等等 to do: plan decide manage 等等 注意：stop go on remember forget即可加to do，也可加doing，意思不同。做表语：to do/doing: My job/purpose/duty is to do/doing做宾补：to do：advise warn encourage get等等 doing：prevent keep stop等等 done: make have get等等 do: make have let等等注意：see

33、hear notice watch feel 既能带do又能带doing。do表示经常或者全过程，doing表示正在。做定语：to do修饰名词，名词是to do逻辑上的宾语：a house to live in（注意介词） doing 表状态：a man running 表进行：developing countries 表功能：swimming pools dancing shoes done表被动：a book written by Lu Xun 表完成：a developed country做状语：to do表目的 done表被动：Compared with A, B is . doin

34、g表状态，原因或结果等。Finding his wallet, he felt very happy.句型：spend.doing devote.to doing prefer doing to doing be used to doing prefer to do to do(第二个to do表目的) have difficulty doing pay attention to doing【例题精讲】1.The general manager always thinks twice before _(回复) to the customers.2. This test is too diffi

35、cult for most of the students. You are right. As you _(预料), one third of them failed. 3.In the north-west of the town _(位于) the two famous schools in the past. 4.The boy has done so many good deeds and course is well worth _(表扬). 5.In the end, the little boy _(succeed) in climbing to the top of the

36、mountain. 6.Ive never _(后悔) the decision to work in West China.【答案】replying; excepted; lay; praising; succeeded; regretted【巩固练习】 1.Dont worry. This doctor has _(从事) medicine for over 20 years. I am sure he will cure your baby.2. I _(lay) down the magazine aside, turned off the light and went to slee

37、p.3. It _(要紧) a lot to me that we work as a team.4. My mother is so kind and generous that she is used to _(提供) her help to people in need.5.Youd better think twice to avoid _(后悔) your decision later. 【答案】practiced; laid; matters; offering; regretting 考察的重点为宾语从句的主句为一般过去时时从句主从句时态的一致性（相应的过去时有：一般过去、过去将

38、来、过去进行、过去完成），同时要结合语境使用相应的时态。【练一练】单词拼写1.Dont touch the _(break) glass. It may hurt your hand.【答案】broken2.More action must be taken to stop _(pollute).【答案】pollution3.We hope that more _(China) will win honour for our country.【答案】Chinese4. _(luck), he got better before the important competition.【答案】Luc

39、kily5.Every year, _(百万)of people donate money to the Hope Project.【答案】millions6.I will be happy if Sandy _(接受)my offer.【答案】accepts7.Ive never _(后悔)the decision to work in West China.【答案】regretted 8.He has a special _(能力)to write with two hands at the same time.【答案】ability9. Qi Baishi was one of he m

40、ost famous _(art) in China.【答案】artists10.The ORBIS doctor advised the girl to have the operation to prevent her eye problem getting mush _ (bad).【答案】worse11.To complete the work, he drank some coffee to keep himself _(wake).【答案】awake12.To protect the earth, we mustnt throw away the waste _(care).【答案

41、】carelessly13. We must be _(勇敢的) enough to face difficulties in our life.【答案】brave14.Some wild animals are in _(危险) as the earth is getting warmer and warmer.【答案】danger15.Mary goes to work every day _(除之外) Sundays.【答案】except16.The general manager always thinks twice before _(回复) to the customers.【答案】replying