专题13 名词性从句-2023年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全.docx

1、专题 13 名词性从句2023年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全【考点详解】【命题解读】 分析近五年的高考真题可知，名词性从句在近5年新课标卷的语法填空和短文改错中出现的频率不是很高。但是，在新课标、卷及地方命题试卷中还是经常涉及，再加之其结构特点和句法作用，使得它仍然成为高考备考中的重点之一。【命题预测】预计2023年高考中名词性从句仍然是热门命题点。但是，命题者会更加在阅读理解和完形填空中的长难句理解。语法填空和短文改错中大概率会考查其基本的用法。【复习建议】1.连接词的选择与判断，其中what与that, if与whether是重点；2.主从句的时态呼应。考点一 （名词性从句的不同类型和结构

2、）名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。包括：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1主语从句结构：(1)(连接词主语谓语其他)主句谓语其他。 (2)It(形式主语)主句谓语其他(连接词主语谓语其他)。 位置：谓语动词之前That you are coming to Shanghai is the best news I have heard this long time.这么长时间以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来上海。【典例剖析】【2022全国新高考卷】 _ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-worl

3、d scenes.【答案】what【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：关于这次经历，令人十分惊叹的地方在于那非凡的景色。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“的地方”，应用what引导该从句。故填what。What matters most in learning English is enough practice.学习英语最重要的是足够的训练。When they will come hasnt been made public.他们来的时间没有公布。It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepar

4、ed for their future.显而易见，学生应该为他们的未来做好充分准备。2宾语从句结构：(1)及物动词(短语)/介词连接词从句主语从句谓语其他。 (2)及物动词it宾补连接词从句主语从句谓语其他。We must find out who did all this.我们必须查明谁做了这个。Tom is a nice boy except that he is sometimes late for school.汤姆除了有时候上学迟到外，是个很不错的男孩。I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spok

5、en English.我发现花更多时间练习英语口语是必要的。Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。3表语从句结构：系动词连接词从句主语从句谓语其他。 位置：系动词之后The reason is that he missed the early bus.原因是他错过了早班车。That is where the problem lies. 那就是问题所在。As is known to us, China is no longer what she used to be.众所周知，中国再也不是从前的样子了。O

6、ne reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like stores and restaurants.她偏爱城市生活的一个原因是她可以很方便地进入像商店和饭店这样的地方。4同位语从句结构：,名词连接词从句主语从句谓语其他。位置：常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, doubt等之后。They made an official request that the meeting be

7、postphoned.他们已经正式请求将会议推迟。The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.我们是否应该继续做实验的问题已经解决了。Where did you get the idea that I couldnt come.你在哪儿听说我不能来？I made a promise to myself that this year, my third year in Senior school, would be different.我向自己保证：今年我高中的第三年将会是不同的一年。名师

8、点睛同位语从句与定语从句的结构极其相似，但同位语从句是对前面的表示抽象概念的名词的内容作进一步地解释说明，而定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰、限制。同位语从句常放在feeling， news， doubt， problem， promise， idea等名词后，而定语从句不受此限制。对比：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. (同位语从句；that从句是对news内容的具体解释说明；that不作成分)他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个学校。The news (that) you told me

9、yesterday was really thrilling.(定语从句；that从句对news进行修饰限定；that在从句中作宾语，故可省略)你昨天告诉我的消息真的令人激动。限时练1单句填空_ (毫无疑问) our team has won the game.Can you tell me _ (我如何能) get to the airport?This is _ (我们的问题所在)The news _ (我们队赢得冠军) encouraged us all greatly.【答案】：There is no doubt thathow I canwhere our problems liet

10、hat our team had won the championship考点二 （名词性从句的连接词）名词性从句的常见连接词有：that, whether, what, which, who, whom, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever, when, where, why, how, how many, how much等，根据其在从句中的功能可分为三类：1从句中缺少主语或宾语时，选择以下连接词：what(ever), which(ever), who(ever), whom(ever)。通常情况下，which是在语境中有选择范围才会使用，否则，

11、指事物时使用what(ever)。What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.(主语从句，what在从句中作主语)她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家人。I will give the book to whoever needs it.(宾语从句，whoever在从句中作主语)我要把这本书给真正需要的人。【典例剖析】【2022天津卷】My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish _ I put my mind to.A. whenever B. what

12、ever C. wherever D. whichever【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：我奶奶使我相信我可以做到任何我下定决心想做的事。分析句子结构可知，accomplish后接宾语从句，put sbs mind to sth. 意为“下定决心做某事”，设空处为宾语从句的引导词，且在从句中作to的宾语，whatever意为“无论什么”，符合语境，故选B项。whenever意为“无论何时”；wherever意为“无论在哪里”；whichever意为“无论哪一个”。2从句中不缺少主语或宾语，而是缺少状语成分，此时则用when, where, why, how, how many/much

13、等带有语义的连接词。Some students even have no idea why they are studying, so they waste much time playing.(同位语从句，缺语义，连接词在从句中作原因状语)一些学生甚至都不知道为什么学习，所以他们浪费很多时间玩儿。She always thinks of how she can work well. (宾语从句，缺语义，连接词在从句中作状语)她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。3从句中既不缺少成分，又语义完整，则用连接词that。He gave us a suggestion that we should pract

14、ise speaking English in class. (同位语从句，不缺成分和语义)他建议我们在课堂上练习说英语。【易错点】名词性从句中that与what的误用(1)()That caused the accident is still a complete mystery. ()What caused the accident is still a complete mystery.名师点睛主语从句缺少主语，语意为“什么”，故用what引导主语从句，并作从句的主语。句意：什么原因导致了这次事故仍完全是一个谜。(2)()Before the sales start, I make a

15、list of that my kids will need for the coming season. ()Before the sales start, I make a list of what my kids will need for the coming season.【名师点睛】宾语从句中谓语need缺少宾语，且在句中意为“的事物(东西)”，故用what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语。 造成以上错误主要是因为对that和what的语法功能区别不清。其区别如下：that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在从句中要充当一定的句

16、子成分。试比较：Its a shame that he has made such a mistake.很遗憾他犯了这样一个错误。I will do what I can （此处省略do）to help him.我将尽力帮他。4whether与if的用法a.表语从句和同位语从句常用whether引导，不用if；b.当主语从句放于句首时，也常用whether引导，不用if；当it作形式主语，主语从句放在后面时用whether或if引导均可，但是如果被后置的主语从句中含有表选择意义的or时，必须用whether；c.与or not直接连用时，也必须用whether。Whether the meet

17、ing will be held is still a problem.(主语从句放于句首)是否要开会仍然是个问题。The problem is whether the meeting will be held.(表语从句)问题是是否将举行会议。I have no idea whether the meeting will be held.(同位语从句)我不知道是否将举行会议。It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.(主语从句放于句末)他是否要来这儿还令人怀疑。whether和if都可以引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使

18、用，但在有些情况下，whether和if的用法有一定的区别。a在及物动词后()I dont care whether he doesnt come.(whether从句中不能用否定式)()I dont care whether he comes or not.()I dont know whether to go there.(whetherto do)b在介词后在介词后常用whether，不用if。 It depends on whether you can do the work well.那取决于你是否能做好这项工作。限时练2单句语法填空The ant stopped to see _

19、had bit him, and the dove immediately flew away.Henry, can you go to the concert tonight?Im afraid I cant. I will give the ticket to _ wants to enjoy it.Since I was a child, I have wanted to be an author. That is _ I have studied OnlineJournalism with focus on OnlinePublic Relations in the last thre

20、e years.Passion is passion and it doesnt matter _ its directed. Exactly, it can be coins or sports or politics._ golf was first played in Scotland in the 15th century is generally agreed.After investigation, the police found out one clue _ voices were heard calling for help from some very distant pl

21、ace that day.What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious illness soon.【答案】：whatwhoeverwhy/for whichwhere Thatthatwhether考点三 (名词性从句的疑难点)1that不可省略的情况(1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时，that不可省略。That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.他考试不及格，这使他父母很失望。(2)that引导表语从句或同位语从

22、句时，一般不可省略。The truth is that I didnt go there.事实是我没有去那里。The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(3)当that引导的从句作介词的宾语时，that通常不能省略。They share little in common except that they are from the same country.除了来自同一个国家之外，他们几乎没有共同点。(4)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他的tha

23、t不可省略。I believe (that) youve done your best and that things will get better.我相信你已经尽力了，而且情况会好起来的。(5)当it作形式宾语时，在that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。He has made it clear that he will not give in.他不会屈服的，他已经表明了这一点。(6)当that引导的宾语从句与主句谓语动词之间有插入语或与从句主语之间有插入语时，that通常不可省略。He announced, believe it or not, that he would neve

24、r forgive her.信不信由你，他宣布他绝不会原谅她。2wh-ever和no matter wh-的区别whever既可以引导名词性从句，又可以引导让步状语从句，而no matter wh只能引导让步状语从句。I will give this dictionary to whoever wins the first prize in the English contest.(宾语从句)我将把这本字典赠给在英语竞赛中获得一等奖的人。Whoever/No matter who wins the first prize in the English contest, I will give

25、this dictionary to him.(状语从句)不管谁在英语竞赛中获得一等奖，我都会把这本字典赠给他。3表示“要求，建议，命令；坚持”的词后跟名词性从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“shoulddo”，其中should可以省略The boss ordered that the task (should) be completed by noon.(宾语从句)老板命令(我们)在中午之前完成任务。The doctors advice is that I (should) rest more and drink more.(表语从句)医生建议我多休息、多喝水。It was proposed th

26、at this matter (should) be discussed at the next meeting.(主语从句)有人提议这事在下次会议上讨论。The boss refused the demand that she (should) do the work alone.(同位语从句)老板拒绝了她单独做那项工作的请求。4宾语从句的时态(1)主句的谓语动词如果是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态。He says that he studies at school from Monday to Friday.他说他从周一至周五都在学校学习。I know that

27、 she didnt tell you that she would go to America next month.我知道她没有告诉你她下个月要去美国。(2)主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，从句的谓语动词通常用相应的过去时。The boy said that they would go to Shanghai.那个男孩说他们要去上海。My mother asked me if I was reading the book Gone with the Wind when he came in.妈妈问我她进来时我是否在读乱世佳人这本书。(3)如果从句表示客观事实或真理，不管主句的谓语动词是何种时

28、态，从句都要用一般现在时。As a child, I was told that the moon has no light of its own. 孩提时，人们告诉我月亮自身不会发光。【牛刀小试】语法填空1._ prices will go up is certain.2.Everyone knew _ happened and _ she was worried.3.The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain.4.Were living in

29、 _ people call“Information Age”, so everything is possible.5.It is decided _ you are leaving.6.I have no idea _ the meeting will be held.7.I can judge by _ I know of him. 8. I gave the girl a big doll, exactly _ she longed to have. 9.My question _ I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.

30、10.We consider it necessary _ he should improve his pronunciation.【答案】：1. That2. what; that3.whatever4.what 5.that 6.whether 7.what 8.what 9.how 10.that单项选择1_ is highly recommended is cheongsam, _ traditional women costume featuring strong national flavor.AThat; 不填BWhat; 不填CThat; whichDWhat; which2W

31、ithout his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.AhowBwhenCwhereDwhy3While they are rare north of 88, there is evidence _ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.AthatBin whichCwhereDfrom which4_has a good knowledge of physics and history is qualified for the

32、position.ANo matter whoBWhomeverCWhoeverDThose who5The two men from the truck were poorly dressed and spoke in _ sounded like an eastern European language.AwhichBthatCwhatDwhere6Sometimes advertisements make it possible for companies to sell the customer money cannot buy.AwhatBwhichCthatDwhether7Amo

33、ng the many unsolved mysteries about dinosaurs, _ really interests me is their disappearance.AthatBwhichCwhetherDwhat8In our daily life, it is a piece of cake to find that the same boiling water softens the potato and hardens the egg. Hence, its about _ youre made of, not the circumstances.AthatBwha

34、tChowDwho9All of my classmates are hopeful about_2022 will bring not only in our studies but also in our overall development.AhowBwhichCthatDwhat10I promise to make you all proud again in direction life may take me.AhoweverBwhereverCwheneverDwhatever11 work and creative activities have been importan

35、t drivers of human progress is deeply rooted in our social values.AHowBWhetherCThatDWhich12As the hours passed, people began to realise _ difficult life was for the deaf.AhowBwhyChoweverDwhat13The gold medal will be awarded to _wins the first place in the bicycle race.AwhomeverBwhereverCwhoeverDwhat

36、ever14Completed in_ was known as The Gilded Age, the fivestoried mansion is now owned by a famous actor who stages the production of Shakespeares Hamlet.AthatBwhatCwhichDwho15The gold medal will be awarded to _ wins the first place in the bicycle race.AwhoBwhomCwhoeverDwhomever16The Chinese people a

37、re hopeful for _ 2023 will bring for their families and the country.AhowBwhichCwhatDthat17As a new interpreter in the firm, Francis often thinks of _ he can react more appropriately on such occasion.AwhatBhowCwhichDwhen18You have my word _ I won the lottery one day, I would buy you a new car.AifBtha

38、tCif thatDthat if19Sometimes, we take _ for granted _ everything has to be perfect for us and we expect high quality products and service.Athat; itBwhat; thatCwhat; itDit; that20As a result of _ is now known in physics and chemistry, scientists have been able to make key discoveries in biology and m

39、edicine.AwhatBitCwhichDthat21It is known to all_the country is a leading agricultural nation.AthatBwhyCwhatDwhen22When we arrived at _ people call Bird Paradise, we were delighted to find thousands of birds setting there.AthatBwhichCwhereDwhat23My cellphone, _ I couldnt contact my parents, was taken

40、 away by my teacher for the reason _ I had used it in my English class.Awhich, whyBwith which, thatCwithout which, whyDwithout which, that24My experience tells me that its not _ you are given but how you make use of it _determines who you are.Awhich; whatBwhat; thatCthat; whichDwhat; which25While I

41、thought I was careful enough, my wife was always complaining that I was driving at _she thought was a dangerous speed.AwhichBwhatCitDone26_ our manager suddenly fell at this key moment made all of us very worried if we could finish the task satisfactorily.AWhatBThatCWhyDWhether27My family think they

42、 know a lot about me but I turn out to be a little different from_ they think.AwhatBthatCwhichDhow28It is reported that a new school has been built in_ was a deserted village a few decades ago.AwhichBwhatCthatDwhere29The great woman has achieved _ she wanted to do in the past few decades.AthatBwhatC

43、howDwhom30Over the years Ive been trying to figure out_prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect.Awhat it is thatBthat it is whatCit is whatDwhat is it that【参考答案】1B【详解】考查主语从句和同位语。句意：我强烈推荐旗袍，这是一种具有浓郁民族风情的传统女性服装。分析句子可知，该句第一空为连词what引导的主语从句，连词what在从句中充当主语成分，第二空后traditional women

44、 costume为cheongsam的同位语关系，所以该空不需要填，该句featuring strong national flavor为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰该名词costume。故选B项。2C【详解】考查表语从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。A.how表方式；B.when表时间；C.where表地点；D.why表原因。此处是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，应用连接副词where引导。故选C。3A【详解】考查名词性从句的连接词。句意：尽管在北纬88度以北的地方很少见到它们，但又证据表明，它们的活动范围遍及整个北极，南至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。根据句子分

45、析可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明名词evidence，从句中句式完整，且不缺意思，故应用that引导evidence的同位语从句，故选A。4C【详解】考查主语从句。句意：凡是精通物理和历史的人都能胜任这个职位。A.no matter who无论谁（引导让步状语从句）B.whomever无论谁（是宾格，不能作主语）；C.whoever无论谁（可以作主语也可以作宾语）；D.those who的那些人，who引导定语从句，修饰those，谓语动词用复数。分析句子可知，此处为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“无论谁”，用连接词whoever引导主语从句，故C项正确。5C【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：卡

46、车上的两名男子穿着寒碜，说话听起来像是东欧语言。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，表示物应用what引导。故选C。6A【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：有时，广告使公司向顾客出售金钱买不到的东西成为可能。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少“buy”的宾语，指物，没有选择范围，故应用“what”引导从句。故选A项。7D【详解】考查主语从句。句意：在许多关于恐龙的未解之谜中，真正让我感兴趣的是它们的消失。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，主语从句从句中缺少主语，表示让我感兴趣的“事情”，所以用连接代词what引导。故选D。8B【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：在我们的日常生活中，

47、很容易发现同样的开水能使土豆变软，使鸡蛋变硬。因此，重要的是你是什么样的人，而不是环境。about后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，连接词为what。故选B项。9D【详解】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：我所有的同学不仅在我们的学习中，而且在我们的整体发展中都对2022年会给我们带来什么充满希望。A. how怎样；B. which哪一个；C. that引导从句；D. what什么。根据结构可知，“_2022 will bring not only in our studies but also in our overall development”作about的宾语，所以本句是宾语从句。缺少的引导词在从

48、句中bring的宾语，表示“什么，事物”，故用what引导。故选D。10D【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：无论生活可能把我引向何方，我再次保证让你们所有人为我感到骄傲。介词in后接宾语从句，从句中缺少名词direction的定语，所以用连接代词whatever引导。故选D。11C【详解】考查主语从句。句意：劳动和创造性活动是人类进步的重要动力，这深深植根于我们的社会价值观中。分析句子结构可知，“_work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress ”为主语从句，从句结构和意思完整，应用连接词that

49、引导。故选C。12A【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：随着时间的流逝，人们开始意识到聋人的生活是多么的艰难。跟在动词realise之后，此处为宾语从句。再结合空格后的形容词difficult可知，此处用连接副词how引导宾语从句。故选A。13C【详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。A. whomever无论谁（在从句中作宾语）；B. wherever无论哪里；C. whoever无论谁（在从句中作主语）；D. whatever无论什么。分析句子可知，设空处引导的是宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少主语，应用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。14B【详解】考查

50、宾语从句。句意：这座五层楼高的豪宅，完工于著名的“镀金时代”，现在的主人是一位著名演员，他决定演出莎士比亚戏剧哈姆雷特。分析句子可知，“_ was known as The Gilded Age”是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，表示“的（东西等）”符合句意，故选B。15C【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：金牌将授予在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。A.who谁，一般用作主语；B.whom谁，一般用作宾语；C.whoever无论谁，一般用作主语；D. whomever无论谁，一般用作宾语。设空处接在介词to后，引导宾语从句，在从句中做主语，强调无论是谁在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。故选C。16C【详

51、解】考查宾语从句。句意：中国人民很期待2023年能够给他们的家庭和国家带来什么变化。A. how如何；B. which哪个；C. what什么；D. that不做成分无意义。分析句子，设空处置于介词for之后，应该使用引导词引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中bring的宾语，表示“2023年给中国人们所带来的什么变化”，此处意为“什么”，应用what。故选C。17B【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：作为公司的一名新口译员，弗朗西斯经常思考如何在这种情况下做出更恰当的反应。空后接宾语从句，从句缺乏方式状语，用连接副词how。故选B项。18D【详解】考查同位语从句和条件状语从句。句意：我向你保证，如果有一天我

52、中了彩票，我会给你买一辆新车。分析句子结构_ I won the lottery one day, I would buy you a new car是同位语从句，解释前面的抽象名词word，从句不缺任何成分和任何含义，故选that，同位语从句中又包含一个if引导的条件状语从句，所以空格处填that if。故答案为D。19D【详解】考查固定搭配和宾语从句。句意：有时，我们想当然地认为一切都必须完美，我们期待高质量的产品和服务。短语take it for granted that+宾语从句（从句结构完整、不缺任何意义），意为“认为理所当然”，第一个空处缺少it，需填it；第二个空处用that连接

53、。故选D项。20A【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：由于物理学和化学的发展，科学家们已经能够在生物学和医学方面取得重要发现。as a result of sth.是固定短语，意为“由于，作为的结果”，空处作of的宾语，引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语。表示“的事情” 用what。故选A项。21A【详解】考查主语从句。句意：众所周知，这个国家是一个农业大国。分析句子可知，It在句中作形式主语；_the country is a leading agricultural nation作真正的主语，故此处应填主语从句的连接词。由于主语从句不缺任何句子成分，也不缺任何含义，故用that引导，只起连接作用。故选

54、A。22D【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：当我们到达人们称之为小鸟天堂的地方时，我们兴奋地发现数千种鸟类定居在那。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，作介词宾语，从句缺少call宾语，表示“的地方”，用连接代词what引导。故选D。23D【详解】考查定语从句和名词性从句。句意：我的手机，没有它我无法联系我的父母，被我的老师拿走了，原因是我在我的英语课上使用它。第一个空考查定语从句，先行词为My cellphone，根据句意“没有它,我不能联系我的父母”，用without which引导非限定性定语从句；第二个空考查同位语从句，解释说明名词the reason，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用that引

55、导。故选D。24B【详解】考查主语从句和强调句。句意：我的经验告诉我，决定你是谁的不是你被给予了什么，而是你如何利用它。分析句子结构，that引导的宾语从句使用强调句结构“it is+被强调部分+that+其他部分”，not _ you are given but how you make use of it是被强调部分，所以第二空应用that，被强调部分在原句中作主语，空处引导主语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，应用what引导从句。故选B项。25B【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：当我认为我已经足够小心的时候，我的妻子总是抱怨我以她认为是危险的速度开车。引导宾语从句，she thought为插入成分，从

56、句中缺少主语，指事物，应用what。故选B。26B【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们的经理在这个关键时刻突然倒下，这使我们大家都非常担心我们能否圆满完成任务。此处是主语从句，从句句意完整、成分齐全，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故选B。27A【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我的家人以为他们非常了解我，不过我其实和他们认为的有点不一样。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，且指代事物，应用连接代词what引导。故选A项。28B【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：据报道一个新的学校被建在几十年前荒废的村子上。介词in后面接的是宾语从句，宾语从句中没有主语，且指代地方，应用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故选B

57、项。29B【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这位伟大的女性在过去几十年里实现了她想要做的事情。分析句子可知，主语为the great woman，谓语为has achieved，空处引导宾语从句，从句缺宾语，表示她想要做的事情，用what引导。故选B项。30A【详解】考查宾语从句和强调句。句意：多年来，我一直在试图找出是什么阻止了这么多美国人像人们所期望的那样快乐。分析句子可知，此句为figure out后接宾语从句，从句中动词prevents缺主语，故用连接代词what引导。因宾语从句中包含一个强调句的疑问句型：特殊疑问词+is/was it that+其它，又因宾语从句用陈述语序，故is/was

58、应置于it之后，综上，故选A。【真题实战】语法填空1(2020江苏高考)It is not a problem _ we can win the battle; its just a matter of time.2(2020天津高考)The student completed this experiment to make come true _ Professor Joseph had said.3(2020浙江高考)Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on _ could be hunted or gathered fro

59、m the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.4(2019全国卷)While they are rare north of 88， there is evidence _ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 5.(2018北京高考)Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.6(2018江苏高考)By boat is the only way to get here, which is _ we arrived.【答案】：1.whether 2.what 3.what 4.that 5.where 6.how