专题34 环境保护-备战2023年中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（中考真题 名校最新模拟题）.docx

1、备战2023中考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练(中考真题+名校最新模拟真题)专题34 环境保护（2022四川资阳统考中考真题）In March, 2020, 16 wild Asian elephants began travelling across Yunnan in their own special “tour group”. They travelled more than 500 km and two baby elephants were born along the way. At last, 14 elephants returned home safely in Decemb

2、er, 2021. Already famous at home, these elephants also became “international stars”.Some international media(媒体) followed the elephants tour from their home in Xishuangbanna to other parts of Yunnan. Some people described them as “smart” and “adventurous (冒险的)”. Social media like Twitter and YouTube

3、 were full of videos of the elephants. One video about the elephants sleeping together got nearly 300,000 views and 12,000 likes on Twitter.On the elephants tour, people treated them with care. People didnt get close to them, hurt them or drive them away. The world saw Chinas work to protect the wil

4、d elephants. And the attention to the wild elephants will encourage more people to get along well with animals.1How many elephants returned home safely?A2.B14.C16.D18.2What do we know about the elephants?AThey are 21 months old.BThey ran away from a zoo.CThey are only famous in China.DThey have trav

5、elled over 500 km.3How did some people describe the elephants?AClever.BWeak.CStrange.DFriendly.4What should people do according to the last paragraph?ADrive wild animals away.BGet along well with animals.CWatch videos about wild animals.DPay no attention to wild animals.（2022山东淄博统考中考真题）Lots of kids

6、have been trying to find ways to help save the Earth. Some of them are encouraged by the “30 by 30” plan: Fifty countries have promised to protect 30% of Earths land and waters by 2030.One of the kids is 11-year-old Beckett from Georgetown, Texas. He wants to help protect endangered species (物种). In

7、 2019, he began working with Rainforest Trust. “I was really interested in trying to stop climate (气候) change,” he said.With the help of his schoolmates, Beckett has started a group called Protection of Earth. The group organized a local Run and raised more than $700. The money helped to save more t

8、han 1,000 acres (英亩) of rainforest land. When the COVID-19 came, Beckett put together an online activity called Trivia: People could test their knowledge of birds, endangered species, and climate change. That raised $600 for rainforest land.In Los Angeles, California, 10-year-old Justin is worried a

9、bout frogs. Justin calls them “magical, because they come in different colors.” Last year he joined Rainforest Trust to help Ecuadors rainforest and its frogs. He appeared on local TV news, and many people learned about what he had done. That helped him raise $2,000 to save almost three acres of Clo

10、ud Forest.Justin hopes he can encourage other people to understand why frogs are so cool. “Frogs are telling us the planet needs help,” he said. “If frogs are dying wherever you are, thats bad because it means the water you are drinking is polluted.”5How many kids are mentioned in the passage?AOne.B

11、Two.CThree.DFour.6What group did Beckett set up?ARainforest Trust.BProtection of Earth.CMagical Frogs.DEcuadors Cloud Forest.7How did Beckett raise money during the COVID-19?ABy organizing a local Run.BBy speaking on local TV news.CBy starting Trivia online.DBy working for rainforest land.8The under

12、lined word “him” in Paragraph 4 refers to (指代) _.ABeckettBJustinCBecketts schoolmateDJustins brother9What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?AProtecting frogs means protecting ourselves.BPeople put great interest in climate change.CTwo kids raised money for COVID-19.DThe water you are drinking is polluted.

13、（2022江苏淮安统考中考真题）Can you imagine a world without insects? Without ants or flies in your house, it might sound great. However, the results may be out of imagination. The number of insects has dropped by half in the past few years, according to a British biologist Dave Coulson. You may think small inse

14、cts are not important. But in fact they are the main part of the species(物种)on Earth. Insects are indeed on the way to extinction, according to the first review of insect population. The researchers say the main reason for this is the use of pesticides(杀虫剂)because they destroy insects living areas.

15、Also, weather change is another important cause. “Unless we change our ways of producing food, insects will go down the way to extinction in a few years,” the researchers wrote in the review. “This will have huge influences on the planets ecosystem(生态系统).”We need insects to pollinate(授粉)crops. They

16、also break down(分解)dead plants and animals, which can keep the soil healthy. Without insects, many animals would have nothing to eat and die of hunger. Then, the ecosystem would be off balance. “If the number of insect species keep dropping, this will have bad influences on both Earths ecosystem and

17、 the survival of us humans,” said one of the writers of the review. “The first step to stop this is to let more people understand the values of the natural world,” he suggests. “The best place to start is from our children, who should realize environmental protection from an early age.”10The underli

18、ned word “extinction” means “_”.ApollutionBdeathCharmDprotection11Paragraph 5 is mainly about _.Athe reason for producing foodBthe problem of animals and plantsCthe way to keep soil healthyDthe importance of insects12From the passage, we can know _.Ainsects may destroy the balance of the ecosystemBa

19、nts and flies are the main part of the species on EarthChumans actions influence the number of insectsDweather change has little influence on insects（2022四川绵阳统考中考真题）Snow forests make up about 30% of the worlds total forest areas. These wonderful woodlands are not as famous as the Amazon rainforests

20、but they are just as important. Snow forests are found in the far north of the world, in areas that are quite cold and usually have a lot of snowfall. They lie across parts of Canada, China, Finland, Japan, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the US. Snow forests have very cold winters that can last up to si

21、x months. But even so, they are home to many kinds of animals, including foxes, mice and wolves. In the US and Canada, as many as five billion birds from more than 300 species live in the forests in the breeding (繁殖) season. These woodlands perform an important job: helping to take in harmful gases.

22、 The gases are given off by burning coal, oil and gas, which can cause climate change. However, snow forests are facing several problems. Trees are being cut down faster and faster for their wood, which can be used for building. Some forests are being cleared to make space for new roads and houses,

23、or to allow coal and gas industries to grow. Whats worse, as the world gets warmer, Canada and Russia have seen terrible fires spread through the forests. Luckily, environmental and wildlife groups around the world are working hard to protect snow forests. This means that cutting down trees is contr

24、olled in some areas and the forests are seen as areas of special scientific interest. When wood is needed, replanting plans and careful forest management help to reduce the human influence so that the forests are managed in a way that they can survive and regrow.13Where are snow forests mainly found

25、?AIn South America.BIn the north of the earth.CIn the UK and Canada.DIn the south of the earth.14What do we know about snow forests from this passage?AThey need a long time to grow up.BThey are famous just like rainforests.CThey produce best wood for building.DThey are important to many animals and

26、birds.15What mainly causes snow forests to be in danger?AHeavy snowfall.BAir pollution.CHuman activities.DAnimals waste.16Whats the purpose of this passage?ATo call on us to protect snow forests.BTo invite people to visit snow forests.CTo compare rainforests to snow forests.DTo describe the wildlife

27、 in snow forests.17What does the writer think of snow forests future?AHopeful.BAwful.CDoubtful.DWonderful.（2022山东烟台统考中考真题）The music band Coldplay is taking actions to protect the environment. This includes using their fans energy to help provide electricity for their performances. In this way, they

28、use electricity without adding carbon gases (碳气体) to the air. The band hopes to cut the amount of CO2 given out by its business activities by 50 percent.The Coldplay stars have added special dance floors and energy-storing bicycles to their latest world tour performance. The purpose is to get fans t

29、o help produce electricity by dancing and riding. Each dance floor can support many people. It creates electricity when people move on it. Each of the bikes can create an average of 200 watts (瓦特) of electricity. In order to encourage fans to dance or ride more during the performance, they even have

30、 competitions to find out which group of fans can create the most electricity. “Being green is a good business model. Thats what wed like to show,” said Coldplay lead singer Chris Martin. “The changes will bring a sense of belonging to the fans. Everything in our show is planned to bring everyone in

31、to the same group, singing together. It makes us feel part of a community.”Coldplay has taken other steps to protect the environment. One of its tour stages (舞台) uses recycled steel. The band also hopes to set up the worlds first tour battery (电池) system, made from 40 recycled electric car batteries

32、. The hope is to power the whole show with batteries. “Its very expensive to try these things for the first time,” said Martin, “but we are very happy that we are changing.”Coldplay is just one music group working to help the environment. Some other famous bands are also taking such steps.18What doe

33、s Coldplay use their fans energy to do?ATo create 200 watts of electricity.BTo provide power for their shows.CTo cut their business activities by 50%.DTo make their performances wonderful.19What does the underlined word “It” in the second paragraph refer to (指代)?AThe floor.BThe band.CThe stage.DThe

34、bicycle.20How does Coldplay encourage fans to dance and ride more?ABy helping them to buy bicycles.BBy living in the same community.CBy traveling around the world with them.DBy having electricity-creating competitions.21Which ways are introduced to protect the environment in the passage? Riding ener

35、gy-storing bicycles. Driving or taking electric cars. Recycling electric car batteries. Building stages with recycled steel.ABCD（2022贵州六盘水统考中考真题）The Amazon rainforest in South America, at seven million k, is the largest rainforest in the world. The forest is important for people all over the world,

36、because it produces a lot of oxygen, and also helps to cool the weather. But large areas of the rainforest are being cut down for wood55% of the forest could be gone by 2030! The World Wildlife Federation is helping to stop some areas of the rainforest from being cut down.At 68,000 k, the Aral Sea w

37、as one of the largest lakes in the world before the 1960s. Then rivers were diverted (改道) and it has been getting smaller ever since. By 2007, it was only 10% of its original size and had split into three separate lakes. There are constant dust storms and the villages sit on the edge of a vast deser

38、t with large ships stranded (搁浅) in its sand. Adam (水坝) had been built to try to restore higher water levels in the North.In China, about 3,600 2kof grassland near the Gobi turns into desert every year. There are often storms that blow dust all the way to Beijing. The storms are getting worse each y

39、ear and have a deep impact on farmers. The goal of the Green Wall Project, started in 1978, is to increase forests in northern China from 5% to 15% in order to stop the desert from growing. The project faces many challenges. However, people must never give up on it.22Whats the size of the Amazon rai

40、nforest?A3,600 k.B68,000 k.C7,000,000 k.23Why did Aral Sea get smaller?AThe rivers were diverted.BThe large ships were stranded in its sand.CLarge areas of the rainforest were cut down.24What did the government do to stop the desert from growing in China?ABuilding a dam.BSetting up the Green Wall Pr

41、oject.CAsking World Wildlife Federation for help.25What does the passage mainly talk about?AWeather.BForest.CEnvironment.（2022辽宁沈阳统考中考真题）Would you try food made of rubbish? When world leaders got together at the UN for a meeting on climate(气候) change, they had a special lunch. The food was made from

42、 something that most of us would throw away. There was a salad made of vegetable scraps(剩菜叶). The leaders also had hamburgers made of fruit left over from juicing. The UN said this reminded people about food waste and the bad influence it has on climate change. “Food waste is not often noticed in cl

43、imate change, and that is shameful when so many people are in hunger.” said a government secretary. Most people dont even realize how much food they throw away every day. Sometimes they cook too much or they dont use it in time. Every year more than one-third of all food produced worldwide goes to w

44、aste, according to the UN. Stop the waste, and the whole world could save $300 billion from wasted food. More importantly, it could also do less harm to the environment. Think about a bag of cheese(奶酪). Before we buy it at the store, people have to raise the cows, deal with the milk, and drive to th

45、e shop to sell the cheese. If you throw the cheese away, you have wasted energy, fuel(燃料) and water, which give out greenhouse gases that add to global warming. The UN said if we stop throwing good food away, we could cut down up to 17 million tons of CO. The good of that would be the same as taking

46、 one in every four cars off the road.26Why did the writer think the lunch was special?ABecause the vegetables were made into juice.BBecause the leaders had a salad and hamburgers.CBecause food was cooked from something thrown away.DBecause the lunch was prepared with different fresh fruits.27What do

47、es food waste influence at last?AFuel.BCars.CCows.DClimate.28What can you infer(推断) from the text?AEven small actions can help make our world better.BWe should buy a bag of cheese from the supermarket.CMost people have already paid attention to food waste.DSaving food is more important than driving

48、cars less often.29Which of the following is the best title of the text?ACheeseHealthy for peopleBA meetingTraditional at the UNCFood wasteBad for the environmentDGreenhouse gasesDangerous to the Earth（2022河北石家庄校考一模）The modern world runs on energy. However, in the past human society used very little

49、energy like wind, water and fire could provide. There are many different ways to create energy, but some ways are harmful to the environment.Fossil fuels (化石燃料) are the most common kind of energy. They include coal, oil, and natural gas. First, people have to dig them from the ground. This can somet

50、imes harm the environment. However, scientists are creating cleaner and better ways to do that these days. So the environment is not harmed as much as before. But when people burn these fossil fuels, they can give off a lot of harmful gases, which is considered to be one of the greatest causes of gl

51、obal warming. This might harm the environment.Tidal (潮汐) energy is another way to make electricity. It uses the ocean tides to make electricity. But some kinds of tidal energy can kill many fishes and other sea animals. Also dams can create lakes and lots of clean energy, but they change the way tha

52、t rivers run. So they can do great harm to the balance of nature around the lakes and along the rivers.Nuclear (核) energy is a very powerful form of energy. It is cheap and very clean. However, many people are afraid of it because there have been some very serious accidents in the past which caused

53、great harm both to humans and nature. But the technology is much better these days. Many countries are starting to use nuclear energy more.We live in an age when it is possible to use different kinds of energy. Whatever kind of energy we use, it should be good for people and environment.30What do yo

54、u know about fossil fuels after reading the passage?AThey are dug from the ground.BThey are considered expensive.CThey hardly harm the environment.DThey are not widely used in the world.31What problem can tidal energy make?AIt can cause serious accidents.BIt can change the way that rivers run.CIt ca

55、n give off a lot of harmful gases.DIt can kill many living things in the river.32Why do many countries start to use nuclear energy more?AIts a common kind of energy.BPeople are not afraid of it now.CIts cheap, clean and safer than before.DPeople cant live without nuclear energy.33What does the under

56、lined word “dams” mean?AWalls which are built across river.BHouses which are built across river.CBridges which are built across river.DRailways which are built across river.34What is the best title of the passage?ASerious Accidents in the PastBBalance of Nature and PeopleCDifferent Ways to Create En

57、ergyDCleaner and Better Environment（2022黑龙江哈尔滨哈尔滨市第六十九中学校校考二模）In December 2021, people in Shenzhen found that water ran more slowly from their taps. The government said the city was facing its most serious water shortage ever. Some other cities in the southern part of China, are also becoming “thirs

58、ty”. Compared with northern areas, southern areas have more rain and are close to more rivers and lakes. So why are they still short on water?In big cities like Shenzhen and Guangzhou, populations are growing fast. As a result, people and factories need more and more water. Each person in Shenzhen h

59、as less than 200 cubic meters of water each year. Its 1/12 of the countrys average (平均水平). According to the UN, it is an “absolute （完全的）water shortage” when the number is below 500 cubic meters. Weather change is making the water problem worse. For example, most cities in Guangdong depend on the Don

60、gjiang River as their main source (来源) of water. In 2021, the river was reported to be drying up. Because of weather change, theres also less snow in the mountains of Tibet. The snow has long been the source of water for many areas in China. Those mountains might provide less water in the future. Th

61、ere are other reasons for water shortages. For example, water pollution makes it harder to get clean drinking water. Factories and farms dont use water efficiently(有效地). Some cities have enough rainfall, but dont have big lakes or reservoirs (水库) to store water. The water just goes into the sea. Mar

62、ch 22 is World Water Day. The theme this year is “groundwater ”. We cant see groundwater. Its under our feet. But it plays an important role in our lives. About 98 percent of Earths fresh water is groundwater. It is 60 times as plentiful (丰富的 ) as the fresh water in lakes and rivers. But in many pla

63、ces, people overuse and pollute groundwater. We should pay more attention to this hidden water resource. 根据短文内容选择最佳答案。35The underlined word “shortage” in the passage means _.A短小B短缺C短暂36The amount of water each person has in Shenzhen each year _.Ameets the UNs standardsBis higher than the countrys av

64、erageCshows that the citys water problem is serious37What other reasons for water shortages mentioned in the fifth paragraph?Water pollution Weather change Lack the storing place PopulationsABC38Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AAbout 60 percent of Earths fresh water is ground

65、water.BWater pollution makes it easier to get clean drinking water.CMountains in Tibet have less snow.39The passage is mainly about _.Awater pollutionBwater shortageCWorld Water Day（2022陕西西安高新一中模拟预测）During the two sessions（两会）, Lei Jun, a Chinese entrepreneur（企业家）, called for more e-waste recycling

66、plans in China.“China should set up different recycling plans to make full use of the huge number of unwanted smartphones and computers to reduce the countrys carbon dioxide emissions（二氧化碳排放量）,” Lei told CCTV News.The worlds e-waste will reach 74.7 million tons by 2030. Thats almost double of what i

67、t has been in the past 16 years. This makes e-waste the worlds fastest-growing waste. However, in 2019, only 17.4 percent of the worlds e-waste was collected and recycled. This means many high-valued materials（材料）were mostly burned or thrown away instead of being re-used. It not only wastes money bu

68、t also is harmful to the environment and peoples health.With the development of electronics industry, e-waste pollution has become a serious problem. Therefore, tech companies are looking for different ways to solve the problem. For example, a US company built a robot called Daisy to take phones apa

69、rt. It can take 200 phones apart within an hour. The phones used to be cut up before people took the useful materials out. Now with Daisy, valuable materials can be taken out more easily. A tech company in Korea plans to use recycled materials in all of its new products by the year of 2025. It also

70、plans to reduce e-waste by increasing product life cycles. A tech company in China is setting up e-waste recycling teams so that people can give away or sell their old electronic products more easily.40Why did Lei Jun call for more e-waste recycling plans in China?ATo remain product life cycles.BTo

71、produce more smart phones.CTo give off less carbon dioxide.DTo take electronic products apart easily.41What can we know about e-waste from the third paragraph?AE-waste has doubled in the past 16 years.BPeople can get useful materials from e-waste.CHalf of the worlds e-waste was recycled in 2019.DJap

72、an is the worlds largest producer of e-waste.42What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?AThe future of worlds e-products.BEnvironmental pollution caused by e-waste.CThe reasons why e-waste should be dealt with.DThe ways different countries choose to deal with e-waste.参考答案：1B2D3A4B【导语】本文是一篇说明文，

73、介绍云南北迁象群得到世界关注，闻名海内外。1细节理解题。根据“At last, 14 elephants returned home safely in December, 2021.”可知，最终，14头大象在2021年12月安全回家。故选B。2细节理解题。根据“They travelled more than 500 km and two baby elephants were born along the way.”可知，它们走了500多公里，一路上出生了两只小象。故选D。3细节理解题。根据“Some people described them as smart and adventuro

74、us (冒险的).”可知，大象聪明且有冒险精神。故选A。4推理判断题。根据“On the elephants tour, people treated them with care. People didnt get close to them, hurt them or drive them away. The world saw Chinas work to protect the wild elephants. And the attention to the wild elephants will encourage more people to get along well with

75、 animals.”可知，在大象的旅行中，人们对它们很关心。人们没有接近它们，伤害它们或赶走它们。世界看到了中国保护野生大象的工作。对野生大象的关注将鼓励更多的人与动物和睦相处。由此可知，人们应该与动物相处融洽。故选B。5B6B7C8B9A【导语】本文介绍很多儿童想尽办法帮助保护地球。5细节理解题。根据“One of the kids is 11-year-old Beckett from Georgetown, Texas.”和“In Los Angeles, California, 10-year-old Justin is worried about frogs.”可知本文提到了两个孩子

76、。故选B。6细节理解题。根据“With the help of his schoolmates, Beckett has started a group called Protection of Earth.”可知Beckett建立了一个叫做保护地球的组织。故选B。7细节理解题。根据“When the COVID-19 came, Beckett put together an online activity called Trivia: People could test their knowledge of birds, endangered species, and climate ch

77、ange.”可知新冠疫情期间，Beckett通过一个叫做Trivia的网上活动筹款。故选C。8词义推断题。根据“In Los Angeles, California, 10-year-old Justin is worried about frogs.He appeared on local TV news, and many people learned about what he had done.”可知him指代上一句中的男孩Justin。故选B。9主旨大意题。根据“If frogs are dying wherever you are, thats bad because it mea

78、ns the water you are drinking is polluted.”可知如果没有青蛙，意味着你喝的水被污染了，因此保护青蛙，就是保护我们自己。故选A。10B11D12C【导语】本文主要讲述了在过去几年里，昆虫数量下降了一半以及昆虫的重要性。10词义猜测题。根据“The researchers say the main reason for this is the use of pesticides (杀虫剂) because they destroy insects living areas. Also, weather change is another important

79、 cause.”（研究人员说，造成这种情况的主要原因是使用杀虫剂，因为它们会破坏昆虫的生活区域。此外，天气变化也是另一个重要原因。）可知杀虫剂和天气变化会导致昆虫死亡，所以extinction和death意思相近，故选B。11段落大意题。根据“We need insects to pollinate (授粉) crops. They also break down (分解) dead plants and animals, which can keep the soil healthy. Without insects, many animals would have nothing to e

80、at and die of hunger. Then, the ecosystem would be off balance.”（我们需要昆虫给庄稼授粉。它们还能分解死去的动植物，从而保持土壤健康。如果没有昆虫，许多动物将没有食物，饿死。然后，生态系统就会失衡。）可知本段说的是昆虫的重要性，故选D。12推理判断题。根据“The researchers say the main reason for this is the use of pesticides (杀虫剂) because they destroy insects living areas”（研究人员说，造成这种情况的主要原因是使用

81、杀虫剂，因为它们会破坏昆虫的生活区域）以及“The best place to start is from our children, who should realize environmental protection from an early age”（最好从我们的孩子开始，他们应该从小就认识到环境保护。）可推知人类的行为会影响昆虫的数量，故选C。13B14D15C16A17A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍关于雪地的相关内容并号召人们保护雪林。13细节理解题。根据“Snow forests are found in the far north of the world”可知，雪林

82、在世界的最北部。故选B。14推理判断题。根据“But even so, they are home to many kinds of animals, including foxes, mice and wolves. In the US and Canada, as many as five billion birds from more than 300 species live in the forests in the breeding season.”可知，雪林是许多动物的家园，包括狐狸、老鼠和狼。在美国和加拿大，300多种鸟类中多达50亿只在繁殖期生活在森林里。由此推知，它们对许多

83、动物和鸟类都很重要。故选D。15细节理解题。根据“Trees are being cut down faster and faster for their wood, which can be used for building. Some forests are being cleared to make space for new roads and houses, or to allow coal and gas industries to grow. Whats worse, as the world gets warmer, Canada and Russia have seen t

84、errible fires spread through the forests.”可知，各种人类活动导致雪林处于危险之中，故选C。16主旨大意题。本文主要向我们介绍关于雪地的相关内容并号召人们保护雪林。故选A。17推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者认为雪林的未来的有希望的，故选A。18B19A20D21C【导语】本文主要介绍了酷玩乐队采用了哪些措施来保护环境的。18细节理解题。根据“The music band Coldplay is taking actions to protect the environment. This includes using their fans ene

85、rgy to help provide electricity for their performances.”可知，利用粉丝的能量为他们的表演提供电力。故选B。19词句猜测题。根据“Each dance floor can support many people. It creates electricity when people move on it. ”可知，每个舞池可以容纳很多人。当人们在上面移动时，它就会发电，所以划线单词it指代的是“Each dance floor ”。故选A。20细节理解题。根据“In order to encourage fans to dance or r

86、ide more during the performance, they even have competitions to find out which group of fans can create the most electricity.”可知，为了鼓励粉丝们在表演期间多跳舞或骑自行车，他们甚至举行比赛，看哪一组粉丝能产生最大的电力。故选D。21细节理解题。根据文中“The Coldplay stars have added special dance floors and energy-storing bicycles to.One of its tour stages (舞台)

87、 uses recycled steel.The band also hopes to set up the worlds first tour battery (电池) system, made from 40 recycled electric car batteries. ”可知，文中提到了骑储能自行车，回收电动汽车电池和用再生钢材建造舞台。故选C。22C23A24B25C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，以几个地方为例，介绍环境的现状，呼吁我们保护环境。22细节理解题。根据“The Amazon rainforest in South America, at seven million k”可

88、知，南美洲的亚马逊雨林有七百万平方千米，故选C。23细节理解题。根据“Then rivers were diverted and it has been getting smaller ever since.”可知，河流改道，河道就越来越小了。故选A。24细节理解题。根据“The goal of the Green Wall Project, started in 1978, is to increase forests in northern China from 5% to 15% in order to stop the desert from growing.”可知，始于1978年的“

89、绿墙工程”的目标是将中国北方的森林数量从5%增加到15%，以阻止沙漠的生长。故选B。25主旨大意题。本文以几个地方为例，介绍环境的现状，呼吁我们保护环境。故选C。26C27D28A29C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍目前的食物浪费现象，呼吁我们节约粮食。26细节理解题。根据“The food was made from something that most of us would throw away.”可知，这些食物是由我们大多数人会扔掉的东西制成的。故选C。27细节理解题。根据“If you throw the cheese away, you have wasted energy, f

90、uel and water, which give out greenhouse gases that add to global warming.”可知，如果你把奶酪扔掉，你就浪费了能源、燃料和水，释放出加剧全球变暖的温室气体。所以食物浪费最后会影响气候。故选D。28推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，生活中我们煮的食物过多就会导致浪费，如果我们不浪费，除了减少食物浪费外，还可以减少对环境的伤害。由此推知，即使是像不要煮过多食物这样小的行为，也能让我们的世界变得更美好。故选A。29最佳标题题。本文主要介绍目前的食物浪费现象，呼吁我们节约粮食。“食物浪费对环境有害”符合主题。故选C。30A31D3

91、2C33A34C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些人类现在使用的几种能源。30细节理解题。根据“Fossil fuels (化石燃料) are the most common kind of energy. They include coal, oil, and natural gas. First, people have to dig them from the ground.”可知，化石燃料是最常见的能源，首先人们必须把它们从地下挖出来。故选A。31细节理解题。根据“But some kinds of tidal energy can kill many fishes and ot

92、her sea animals.”可知，某些种类的潮汐能可以杀死许多鱼类和其他海洋动物。故选D。32细节理解题。根据“It is cheap and very clean. However, many people are afraid of it because there have been some very serious accidents in the past which caused great harm both to humans and nature. But the technology is much better these days.”可知，核能比以前便宜、干净和

93、安全。故选C。33词义猜测题。根据“Also dams can create lakes and lots of clean energy, but they change the way that rivers run.”可知，大坝可以创造湖泊和大量清洁能源，但它们改变了河流的流动方式。此处dams的意思是“大坝”，故选A。34最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了一些人类现在使用的几种能源，选项C“创造能源的不同方法”符合主题，故选C。35B36C37A38C39B【导语】本文主要讲述了水资源的短缺以及原因。35词义猜测题。根据“In December 2021, people in Shenzhen

94、 found that water ran more slowly from their taps. The government said the city was facing its most serious water shortage ever.”可知深圳人发现水龙头出水速度较慢，因为该市正面临有史以来最严重的缺水问题，故划线部分意为“短缺”。故选B。36推理判断题。根据“Each person in Shenzhen has less than 200 cubic meters of water each year. Its 1/12 of the countrys average

95、 (平均水平). According to the UN, it is an absolute （完全的）water shortage when the number is below 500 cubic meters”可知深圳每人每年的水不足200立方米，当数量低于500立方米时，就属于“绝对缺水”，由此可知深圳的水资源短缺问题很严重。故选C。37细节理解题。根据“water pollution makes it harder to get clean drinking water”以及“Some cities have enough rainfall, but dont have big

96、lakes or reservoirs (水库) to store water”可知水污染使人们更难获得干净的饮用水，而且有些城市有足够的降雨量，但没有大湖或水库以储存水。故选A。38细节理解题。根据“theres also less snow in the mountains of Tibet”可知西藏山区的雪变少了。故选C。39主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了水资源的短缺以及原因。故选B。40C41B42D【导语】本文主要介绍了两会期间，中国的企业家雷军呼吁在中国制定更多的电子垃圾回收计划，文中同时还说明了我国电子垃圾污染严重以及解决这一问题的措施和必要性。40细节理解题。根据“C

97、hina should set up different recycling plans to make full use of the huge number of unwanted smartphones and computers to reduce the countrys carbon dioxide emissions（二氧化碳排放量）”可知，是为了减少二氧化碳的排放，故选C。41推理判断题。根据“This means many high-valued materials（材料）were mostly burned or thrown away instead of being re-used.”可知，人们可以从电子垃圾中获得有用的材料。故选B。42段落大意题。根据“Therefore, tech companies are looking for different ways to solve the problem. .a US company . A tech company in Korea.A tech company in China.”可知，本段主要介绍了不同国家选择处理电子垃圾的方式。故选D。