专题4.字词猜测解题技巧-2024届中考英语题型过关(原卷版).docx
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1、字词猜测解题技巧 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是英语阅读理解题重要出题方向之一,也是考查考生英语语言能力和文化品格的一种重要方式。词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查,还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外,在阅读理解文章中,总会有一些单词或短语超出了考试大纲词汇表的范围,但又没有附加注释,也需要考生猜测,这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。1猜词词义题:方法:利用同义或近义词来猜测利用反义词猜词利用上下文语境猜词利用定义或解释猜词利用例证猜词利用复叙或同等关系猜词利用词义搭配,关联猜词利用经验和常识猜词根据语境转折猜词利用构词法来猜词陷
2、阱:一个单词往往不只一层含义,注意深层含义。方法1 词义猜测法 词义猜测指通过构词、定义、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及语境等确定词义。通常包括生词释义、熟词新义。考查学生联系主旨、结合上下文对词汇的理解辨别能力。A woman bought aparrotfrom a pet store. However, the woman decided to return the parrot to the shop the next day.This bird doesnt talk, she told the pet shop owner.Does he have a mirror in his
3、cage (笼子)? the owner asked. Parrots love mirrors.The woman bought a mirror and left. The next day she came back, saying that the bird still wasnt talking.The underlined word parrot in paragraph 1 means _ in Chinese.A.孔雀B.鹦鹉C.鸽子D. 老鹰方法2 短语猜测法 短语猜测是指利用上下文语境推测短语的意义。考查学生联系主旨、结合上下文对词组的理解辨别能力。Jim likes su
4、gar and cakes very much. He always eats some food with sugar before going to bed.One morning, Jim was crying in bed before he got up.Whats the matter, dear? his mother asked in a hurry.Ive got a toothache, said Jim.So his mother took him to the dentists. The dentist looked him over andpulled outhis
5、bad tooth at last.Two days later, Jim went to school. Mrs. Hunt asked him, What was the matter with you those days,Jim?I had ahad toothache, madam, answered Jim.Oh, Im sorry to hear that, said Mrs. Hunt. Is it better now?I dont know, madam. I left it at the dentists.What is the Chinese meaning of th
6、e underlined phrase pull out?A.切开B.拔掉C.缝补D.组装方法3 根据近义词/反义词猜测词义法在同一、同一段或同一篇文章中,作者为了避免语言的单调、重复,有时会使用意思相同或相近的词。因此,考生只要读懂上下文,知道其中一个单词的意思,就能猜出另外一个单词的意思。此外,有时作者也会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子,这时就可根据反义词线索猜测词义。表示对比或反义的信号词/短语常见的有: (whether) .or, unlike, but, yet, however, while, although, instead, rather than, o
7、n the other hand等There is a supermarket next to my house. You can buy all kinds of things there. The clothes in it are expensive, but the food is cheap.The Chinese meaning of “cheap” is _.A.美味的B.昂贵的C.难的D.廉价的方法4构词法猜词法在阅读文章时,总会遇上一些新词汇,有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意,而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用,此时,如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识,如前缀un
8、-表反义词,如happy-unhappy, fair-unfair等; 后缀-ment表名词, 如develop-development, state-statement等; 后-er、-or或-ist表同源名词: 如calculate-calculator, visit-visitor, wait-waiter, science-scientist等,如果一来,这些问题便不难解决了。3D VR Glasses This is a new arrival 3D VR Shinecon Helmet virtual(虚拟的) reality glasses. It supports many s
9、martphone models with Android or IOS system. Put your phone into the VR glasses and enter the virtual reality world. You can enjoy the super big screen effect of 3D videos. No need to go to cinemas. You can also play 3D games with it.Specification (说明书)Brand (商标) Name: GtekSize: 190mm X 135mm X 85mm
10、Weight: 500gLens (镜头): HD Optical Resin AugmentedLens Diameter: 30mmPhone Supported: Screen size from 3.5 to 6.0 inches, phoneLength: less than 160mm, width less than 85mmThe underlined word Length probably means _ in Chinese.A.长度B.宽度C.厚度D.高度方法5指代猜测法指代猜测指依据语境的逻辑关系,判断划线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象。 考查考生对文章中叙述
11、的特定的人、物、事件的再认能力。解这类题时,应注意代词指代的总原则就近指代。When you travel to other countries, you can be served with different new foods and know more things about different customs(风俗). You read all these from books in the past, but now you have a chance to know them clearly. You can also make new friends from differe
12、nt countries. They can help you know more about their own countries.What does the underlined word them refer to in Paragraph 3?A. Friends. B. Teachers. C. Countries. D. Customs.(2023湖北十堰统考中考真题)I have an 11-year-old son named Peter. I knew that playing sports would be good to our son. He would get so
13、me exercise, learn about teamwork and learn some physical skills. We continually encouraged him to have a try, but after a while it was clear that he didnt like team sports, and there was nothing we could do to change it.We decided not to push him to take part in sports, even though most of his frie
14、nds did sports. As time went by, we gradually realized that we had made the right decision. Dont misunderstand (误解) me. I have nothing against sports. Now my son isnt interested in sports, but Im not pushing him to do sports. Here are the reasons:I want him to know I accept him unconditionally. I do
15、nt even want Peter to feel that I will love him only if he behaves in a certain way or takes part in some activities. Whether he succeeds or fails, he will always be my son, and that will never change.I want him to form his own path (道路) in life. His path doesnt have to be the same as mine. In fact,
16、 we both have similar interests in several areas like music, computers and Star Wars, but were also different in many ways. Peter needs to be free to go his own path.I want him to know that I dont judge (判断) my worth by his achievements. Every father will feel proud of his son if he can make great a
17、chievements. So most parents always push them so hard. Sometimes we have seen ourselves indirectly through our own sons. Their achievements remind us of our wonderful days in the past. We must make sure we dont want to make up for (弥补) our own regrets by pushing our sons to climb higher and go furth
18、er than we did.1The advantages of doing sports dont include _.Agetting some exerciseBgetting some exam skillsClearning about teamworkDlearning some physical skills2What was the writers final decision?AOur son must master a kind of sport.BHe should do the same thing as his friends.CWe didnt push him
19、to do sports he disliked.DWe would push him to find what he was good at.3What does the underlined word “unconditionally” mean?A慎重地B无条件地C不耐烦地D犹豫地4How many reasons does the father give for not pushing his son to take part in sports?ATwo.BThree.CFour.DFive.5Which sentence can best describe the father i
20、n this passage?AHe is a wise and open-minded father.BHe doesnt care about his sons future.CHe is brave and knows when to give up.DHe is rich enough to support the whole family.(2023山东东营统考中考真题)When Jae came home from school, he couldnt find his keys. “What now? I cant just sit out here,” he thought.
21、His parents wouldnt be home for an hour. Just then, Ron, the man who lived next door, was coming. He asked Ron if he could stay at his room to wait for his parents. Ron agreed. Inside, Jae saw a baseball on a shelf (架子).Ron smiled when he saw Jae looking at it. “That one was signed (签名) by the Minne
22、sota Twins, right after the World Series in 1987,” he said. “Dad takes me to their games sometimes,” Jae said. “Where did you get this?”“I was a professional umpire (裁判) for thirty years,” Ron answered. Jaes eyes widened. “An umpire? In the 1980? Did you met .” He began to ask Ron questions one afte
23、r another. Ron told Jae a lot about past players. When it was time for Jae to go home, he asked Ron, “Can I come again?” “Sure,” Ron said. “Wow, losing my keys turned out okay,” Jae thought. The next day at school, Jae searched his desk, “Oh, no. Not again!” he groaned (叹息). “Need help?” asked Marti
24、na, a new classmate. “Yes, Ive lost my dinosaur book,” Jae said. “Wow! Thats the same book that I use!” Jae exclaimed. “Are you into dinosaur, too?” “Whats your favorite?” “.” They kept talking. After school, they went to the park to play catch with Jaes favorite baseball. “Martinas pretty cool,” Ja
25、e thought. The next morning was Saturday, Jae wanted to do some throwing practice, but he couldnt find his baseball. “Can we go to the park to look for my baseball?” Jae asked his mom. At the park, they saw a homeless dog playing with something. It was Jaes baseball. “Mom, look!” Jae said. “Doesnt h
26、e look like he needs a home?”His mother smiled. “Yes, he does,” she said. “Hell be your responsibility, though.” Jae nodded excitedly and picked him up. “What a week!” Jae thought to himself. “I lost my keys, my book, and my baseball, but every time I lost something, I got a friend.”1What did Jae do
27、 in Rons home?AHe watched a baseball game.BHe learned how to play baseball.CHe learned a lot about past baseball players.DHe learned how to be a professional umpire.2Why did Jae say “Can I come again”?AHe didnt want to stay at home.BHe thought he might lose his keys again.CHe wanted to share a dinos
28、aur book with Ron.DHe liked Ron and wanted to tallk with him again.3What does the underlined word “exclaimed” mean?A惊呼B哭喊C怒吼D狂叫4From the passage, we can know _.ARon never met the Minnesota TwinsBJae was a fan of baseballCMartina and Jae didnt have the same interestsDJae didnt like dogs5What was the
29、real reason why Jae got friends?AHe always lost things.BHe was good at communicating with others.CHe and the people around all liked helping others.DHe and the people around were all good at sports.(2023四川雅安统考中考真题)Rosie loved bedtime. Her dad always told her stories before she fell asleep. Sometimes
30、, he told fairy tales. Sometimes, he told animal stories. And sometimes, he told sports stories. Rosie couldnt wait to hear Dads next story. But that night, Mom came in and said, “Dad is sick, but I can tell you a story.” So Mom told Rosie a story. But to Rosie, it wasnt the same. She felt sad. She
31、didnt want Dad to be sick, and she missed story time with Dad. She thought maybe Dad missed story time, too. So Rosie got out of bed and went to Dads room. She knocked on his door. “Come in,” Dad said. When Rosie opened the door, Dad smiled weakly, “Im sorry. Im going to miss story time tonight.”Ros
32、ie sat on Dads bed. “No, you wont. Im going to tell you a story.” So Rosie told Dad a story about a panda, a tiger, and a lion. Dad loved the story and he fell asleep with a smile on his face.1When did Rosies dad tell her stories?AWhen she was ill.BAfter she got up.CWhile she had dinner.DBefore she
33、fell asleep.2Why did Rosie feel sad that night?ABecause her dad was ill.BBecause her dad fell asleep.CBecause her dad forgot to tell her stories.DBecause her dad didnt want to tell her stories.3What is the meaning of the underlined word “miss” in Paragraph 4?A想念B错过C丢失D避开4What kind of story did Rosie
34、 tell her dad that night?AA fairy tale.BAn animal story.CA sports story.DA love story.5What can we learn from the last paragraph?ARosies father felt happy.BRosies father felt worse.CRosies father didnt like the story.DRosies father didnt enjoy story time.(2023辽宁抚顺统考中考真题)Watching videos is becoming a
35、 part of our daily life. Most of us like to watch them to relax or kill the time. Some videos are just for fun, some are news and some are short films.Two retired (退休的) teachers are well-known for making short videos. They make them to share knowledge.Wu Yuren is a retired physics teacher. She has b
36、ecome known as “Grandma Wu” by making videos. She uses a humorous and easy-to-understand way to do physics experiments (实验) online. She is good at using everyday tools to experience the magical world of science. She wants young people to be curious about daily life. In this way, young people enjoy f
37、inding out the knowledge of science hidden in our life. Wu is more than 70 years old now but still works hard.Wang Pinxian is an 87-year-old marine geologist (海洋地质学家) and teacher at Tongji University. During the past two years, he has used his videos to share his knowledge of the sea. He often studi
38、es things like the secrets of the Bermuda Triangle (百慕大三角) and whether there are sea monsters (怪物) in the sea.These videos have been popular and thousands of people have watched and shared them. Many fans express their thanks for the chance to learn new things and stay in touch with the world around
39、 them.Their videos are like “classrooms without walls and universities without barriers (障碍)”. The two gray-haired people have created real energy(能量) to society through their actions.1In the second paragraph (段落), the two teachers share knowledge by _.Agiving free classesBteaching in the countrysid
40、eCmaking short videosDgoing back to universities2The underlined phrase (画线短语) “be curious about” in Paragraph 3 means “_”.Abe thankful forBbecome nervous aboutCbe busy withDbecome interested in3According to Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4, their videos are about _.AscienceBmusicChistoryDEnglish4We can k
41、now that the two teachers are both _ from the passage.Aover seventyBfilm directorsCshy peopleDbook lovers5The main idea of the passage is that _.Ashort videos can help people relax and kill the timeBhow the two old people create real energy to societyClots of old people enjoy the knowledge of scienc
42、eDhow physics experiments can solve daily problems(2023浙江衢州统考中考真题)Tom always lived for grades. He was always interested in books and ideas. Why should he care about people? They only made fun of him. They were jealous (妒忌的) because he was so smart, or so he thought. It seemed that Tom knew everythin
43、g except one thing. He didnt know how to get along with other people. He made his parents believe that school was a waste of time, so he began home schooling with special teachers. He dreamed of being the youngest person to enter university, and he sent letters to famous professors (教授) to see if it
44、 was possible.One day, the doorbell rang. When Tom opened the door, there was his idolProfessor Rosen. Tom was so excited that he could hardly speak. The two talked for a long time, exchanging ideas. The professor was surprised at what this young boy knew. “Tom, tell me about your friends. What do y
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