专题4.数词考点聚焦和精讲（原卷版）.docx

1、数词考点聚焦和精讲【中考数词考点聚焦】1、 基数词的读写和应用；2、序数词的读写和应用。一、基数词的读写和应用一、基数词的读写：1.表示数目的词叫基数词。1-12的基数词是独立的单词。如：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve。13-19的基数词以-teen结尾。如：fourteen，seventeen等，但13-thirteen 15-fifteen 18-eighteen较特殊。20-90的整十位以-ty结尾。如：sixty，ninety，但20-twenty; 30-thirty;

2、 40-forty; 50-fifty; 80-eighty较特殊。十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”。如：28-twenty-eight; 96-ninety-six。百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间加and。如：136-one hundred and thirty-six; 601-six hundred and one。1000以上的数字（即多位数），从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“，”第一个逗号前为千（thousand），第二个逗号前为百万（million），第三个逗号前为billion（十亿）。3, 333, 303, 330 读作：thirty-three , three hund

3、red and thirty-three , three hundred and three , three hundred and thirty1, 172, 651读作：one , one hundred and seventy-two six hundred and fifty-one。2 hundred百；thousand千；million百万；billion十亿的用法：hundred，thousand，million，billion表示确定的数目时，直接在它们前面加基数词。表示不确切数字，如成百上千，成千上万，三三两两等时，要在它们后面加-s，并且要与of连用。如：1.There a

4、re students in our school. 在我们学校有八百个学生。2.There are people in the hall. 大厅里有数以百计的人。3.They went to the theatre . 他们三三两两地来到了剧院。二、基数词的的应用1.基数词在句中可用作主语，宾语，定语，表语和同位语等。Four of them went to the factory. (主语) / I want two. (宾语) / There are thirty classrooms in our school. (定语)The two girls are sisters. (定语)

5、/ My classmate is eighteen. (表语) / We three will go there tomorrow. (同位语)基数词用于表示数量多少。There are eight hundred students in our school. / My grandma is over sixty years old.2. 基数词用于表达时间。小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。先“时”后“分” 日常生活中的时间读法常常简化，直接按基数词的顺序读。如：7:05seven o five；12:15twelve fifteen。 12小时制表示法可用a.m.(am)表示上午，p.

6、m.(pm)表示下午；如：6:30am上午六点半；6:30pm下午六点半； 时刻表上的时间大多采用24小时制表示法，这样就不需要用a.m.表示上午，p.m.表示下午了。如：6:30上午六点半；18:30下午六点半先“分”后“时”表示“几点过几分”，即“分钟小于半小时”时，用“分+past+小时”表示。如： 7:05five past seven；7:15fifteen (a quarter) past seven。表示“差几分几点”即“分钟大于半小时”时，用“(60-分)+to+(小时+1)”表示。如：7:40twenty to eight；9:45fifteen/a quarter to t

7、en表示“点半”时，既“分钟刚好半小时”时，用“half past+小时”表示。如：3:30half past three；11:30half past eleven；7:30half past seven。整点表示表示“几点整”用“点钟数+(oclock)”表示。其中oclock可省略。如：5:00five (oclock)；9:00nine (oclock)3. 基数词用于表达世纪年月日： 世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪century表示，也可以用定冠词加百位进数加s表示。the sixth (6th) century 公元六世纪；the eighteenth (18th) century

8、 公元十八世纪；the 1900s 二十世纪；the 1600s 十七世纪【注意】用百位数整数表示的世纪比这一百位阿拉伯数字本身多一个世纪。 表示某个世纪的几十年代，用“in the+逢十的基数词的复数”。基数词的复数若用阿拉伯数字表示，可直接加s，也可加s。表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的岁数或年代。1.“在20世纪30年代”是 2.“在20世纪60年代”是 3. 在某人30多岁时；4. 在60年代。 表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期，可以在定冠词后，年代前添加 early, mid-, late。in the early 1920s 在二十世纪二十年代早期；in the mid-1950

9、s 在二十世纪五十年代中期 年月日表示法年份用基数词表示，一般写为阿拉伯数字，读时可以以hundred为单位，也可以以世纪、年代为单位，先读前一位或两位，再读后两位。如：253 读作 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three；1800 读作 eighteen hundred；1902 读作 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two (分两位读)；1949 读作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine (分两位读)；2008读作 two tho

10、usand and eight (分两位读)；2011读作 two thousand and eleven (分两位读)【注意】表示在哪一年，一般在年数前加介词in，使用year时，year放在数词之前。如：in the year two fifty-three B.C. 在公元前253年【注意】通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字，表示在哪一年。如：in 1996 在1996年月份，在哪个月用介词in加第一个字母大写的月份词表示。如：in May在五月；in July在七月。为了简便起见，月份与日期连用时，月份常用缩写形式表示。缩写形式除May，June，July外，其它的月份都由其前三个字母

11、表示，但September除外。如：JanuaryJan.一月；FebruaryFeb.二月；MarchMar.三月；AprilApr.四月；AugustAug.八月；SeptemberSept.九月；OctoberOct.十月；NovemberNov.十一月；DecemberDec.十二月【注意】这里缩写形式后面加点不能省略，因为它是表示缩写形式的符号。日期用定冠词the加序数词表示。在哪一天要添加介词on。National Day is on Oct. 1. 国庆节是十月一日。（读作 October the first）此句也可以表示为 National Day is on the 1st

12、 of October.May 5 五月五日（读作May the fifth）也可以表示为the fifth of MayMar. 1（st） 三月一日（读作March the first或 the first of March）年月或年月日的表示要先说月或月日后说年。如：2008年5月，读作：May, two thousand and eight; 1998年12月8号，读作：December the eighth, nineteen ninety-eight 表示不具体、不确切的时间，如世纪、年代、年份、月份时，用介词in表示，表示具体确切的某一天用介词on表示，通常情况下morning,

13、 afternoon, evening等词前用介词in。但是，当这些词前后有一修饰限定的词作为定语，把它们限定为某一天早晨、下午或晚上时，介词in应改为on。这里的修饰限定词可以是介词短语、名词、形容词、定语从句等。如：The accident happened on the afternoon of July 7. 这次事故发生在7月7日下午。We are to have a small test on Monday morning. 星期一早晨我们将进行一次小测验。I dont want to be disturbed on nights when I have to study. 我不愿

14、意在我必须学习的晚上被打扰。On a cold morning, the old man died lonely in his house. 在一个寒冷的早晨，这个老人孤独地死在自己的房子里。5基数词用于表达编号、公交路线、房号、页码、电话号码（大写第一个字母并且数词在后面）：编号Lesson One the first lesson第一课；公交路线Bus No. 3the No. 3 bus 3路公共汽车；Bus No.13Bus Number Thirteen；房号，表示房号时不用“No.”如：302房间-Room 302（读作：room three o two）；页码，如果编号的数词比较

15、长，一般用基数词。如：Page 457第457页；P.5Page Five；电话号码（重复数字可读作double）。如：Tel.No.7658659Telephone Number seven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine；3855633three eight five five (double five) six three three (double three)。6基数词用于表达分数：（子基母序，分子大于1，分母要加s） 分数是由基数词和序数词构成的。分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于“1”，分母则加“s”。1/3 3/4 1/2 1/4 24/25 1 1

16、/2 3 1/4 1 1/4 当分数后面接名词时，如果分数表示的值大于1，名词用复数；小于1，名词用单数。1 1/2 hours 4/5 meter 2 3/4 meters 5/6 inch 7. 基数词用于表达小数： 小数用基数词来表示，以小数点为界，小数点左边的数字为一个单位，表示整数，数字合起来读；小数点右边的数字为一个单位，表示小数，数字分开来读；小数点读作 point，o读作 zero或oou，整数部分为零时，可以省略不读。0.4 zero point four或point four 零点四；10.23 ten point two three 十点二三；25.67 twenty-f

17、ive point six seven 二十五点六七；l.03 one point o three 一点零三 当数字值大于1时，小数后面的名词用复数，数字值小于1时，小数后面的名词用单数。如：1.03 meters 一点零三米；0.49 ton 零点四九吨；l.5 tons 一点五吨8基数词用于表达百分数：百分数用基数percent表示。50 fifty percent百分之五十；3 three percent 百分之三；0.12 zero point one two percent 百分之零点一二；5 five percent (per cent)；0.8 zero point eight

18、percent (per cent)这里的percent前半部per表示“每一”，cent这一后半部分表示“百”，所以百分之几中percent不用复数形式。9基数词用于表达加减乘除：“加”用plus，and或add表示；“等于”用is, make, equal等词表示。2+3=? 可表示为：How much is two plus three? 2+3=5 Two plus three is five. Two and three is equal to five.Two and three makes five. Two added to three equals five. If we a

19、dd two to/and three, we get five. 二加三等于五。“减”用 minus或 take from表示。如：106? How much is ten minus six? 10-6=4 Ten minus six is four.Take six from ten and the remainder is four. Six (taken) from ten is four. 十减去六等于四“乘”用time（动词）或multiply表示。如：34? How much is three times four? 34=12 Three times four is/are

20、twelve.Multiply three by four, we get twelve. Three multiplied by four makes twelve. 三乘以四等于十二“除”用divide的过去分词形式表示。如：164=? How much is sixteen divided by four? 1644 Sixteen divided by four is four. / Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four. 10基数词用于表达“半”：“数词+and a half+复数形式”或“数词+单数/复数形式+ and a

21、half”半小时 1.5小时 五年半 11. 基数词用于表达倍数：一倍用once；两倍用twice；三倍及以上用基数词+times。four times Our school is theirs. 我们的学校是他们的两倍大。12. 基数词用于表达长、宽、高、深、面积等。用基数词+单位+形容词（long, wide, high等）表示，或者用基数词+单位词+ in +名词（length, width, height, weight等）表示。two meters long或 two meters in length 2米长； three feet high或 three feet in heigh

22、t 3英尺高；four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸宽；This box is 2 kilograms in weight. 这个盒子有两千克重。13.“数词+单数名词+形容词”构成复合形容词，复合形容词中名词一定要用单数，复合形容词只能作定语，后面跟上所修饰的名词（此结构有时可用“基数词+名词复数所有格”形式来代替）。a ten-year-old girl. a 600-meter-long bridge Its only a ten-minute walk.=Its only ten minutes walk. 14. 基数词与表示时间、距离、

23、长度的名词一起构成“数词+单位名词+形容词”。表示事物的形状、年代、长度、距离等。如：twenty years old 20岁；500 meters long 500米长。15. 基数词与another, more连用时，表示在已有基础上再增加一定数量。another five hours two more hours 二、序数词的读写和应用表示顺序的词叫序数词。如：first, second, third等。1.序数词的构成：序数词构成顺口溜：序数词很好记，基数词后再加th；8少t 9去e，面目全非1/2/3；ve结尾5和2(12)，换成f须仔细；若是几十几的数，前半基来后半序；遇到ty结尾

24、词，把y变ie再加th。 从第一至第十九。其中，one ; two ; three ; five ; eight ; nine ; twelve 为特殊形式，其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。如：six ; nineteen 。 从第二十至第九十。整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为ie，再加“th”构成。如：twenty ；thirty 表示第几十几时，用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“-”和个位序数词形式一起表示。如：thirty-first第三十一；fifty-sixth第五十六；seventy-third第七十三；ninety-ninth第九十九 第一百以

25、上的多位序数词。由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。如：one hundred and twenty-first第一百二十一；one thousand, three hundred and twentieth第一千三百二十【注意】序数词的缩写形式，有时，序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有：firstlst, second2nd, third3rd, fourth4th, sixth6th, twentieth20th, twenty-third23rd其中lst, 2nd, 3rd为特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。如：1000th, 1000000th。2、序数词的应

26、用1. 序数词主要用作主语、宾语、定语和表语。序数词前要加定冠词the。如：1. of March is Womens Day. 三月八号是妇女节。(主语) 2.I like better. (宾语) 3.You are I believe. (表语)4.The lesson is very easy to learn. (定语) 5. question Id ask is how you knew him? (定语)【注意】序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词the；但序数词前有物主代词或名词所有格时，前面不要加定冠词the。1. wife was kind to him, too. 他的继母

27、对他也很慈爱。2.Mother was teacher in my life. 妈妈是我生命中的第一个老师。2. 用于最高级前。Jack is the third tallest boy in our school.3. 用于表达分数的分母（子基母序），分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于“1”，分母则加“s”。1/3 3/4 4. 如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时，表示“又一，再一”。We have tried it times. Must we try it a time? 我们已经试过了四次，我们还必须再试一次吗？（第五次）Mr. Brown has a car.布朗先生另外还有一辆车

28、。He has tried a time.他又尝试了一次。5. 在编号时，序号在前用序数词，序号在后用基数词表示。如：the twelfth lesson= Lesson Twelve.6. 年月日的表示：年用基数词，日用序数词。如：1999年5月8号写作：May the eighth, nineteen ninety-nine或the eighth of May, nineteen ninety-nine7. 带分数的词组作句子的主语时，谓语动词的单复数与分数后的名词保持一致。如： of the pear is eaten. 这个梨子被吃了七分之三。Three sevenths of the

29、 pears yellow. 梨子的七分之三是黄色的。题组1 填空题1.The number 1,000,000 is written with a one and six z.2.The big tree over there is probably one (百)years old.3.For the past (十五)years, a charity called the Woodland Trust has been recording ancient trees in the country. 4.The most popular outdoor activity for Ameri

30、cans was gardening while in Japan it only came (第九).5.For a few weeks, there are (million) of little flowers and even butterflies!6.Im not sure how I feel about that, with my (第十八) birthday coming.7.My mom gave me this computer as my (sixteen) birthday present. 8.Raquel was born in Mexico, but has b

31、een here since she was (十)years old.9.“All my life Ive been taking photos,” he says, “and for the past (七)years, Ive spent a lot of time making scrapbooks(剪贴簿)filled with photos, postcards and tickets.”10.Its a good idea for you to exercise for (三十) minutes each time, at least three days a week.11.S

32、he is nineteen, and next year she is going to celebrate her t birthday.12.December is the t and last month of the year.13.There are 29 days in February every four years, but it usually has t days.14.Its the boys f birthday today. He will be six years old next year.15.She was once the (第十五) captain o

33、f the Chinese national womens volleyball team. 16.A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for being one of the oldest full-time employees in Europestill working (四十) hours a week. 17.In the 1980s, there were several (千) Chinese sturgeons (鲟鱼) in the Yangtze River.18.He got f prize in the

34、singing competition though he is the youngest of all. 19.April is the f month of the year. 20.A truck crash in Ohio has left (千) of chickens dead. 题组2 选择题1（2023四川雅安统考中考真题）Lucy, the Dragon Boat Festival is coming. I want to learn how to make zongzi. OK. If my grandma _ free tomorrow, she will teach u

35、s.AisBareCamDwill be2（2023吉林长春统考中考真题）There _ some beautiful flowers on the teachers desk now.AisBwasCareDwere3（2023黑龙江牡丹江统考中考真题）Red Star over China (红星照耀中国) is so popular that _ of the students in our class have finished reading it.Atwo thirdBtwo thirdsCsecond three20（2023黑龙江牡丹江统考中考真题）Xu Mengtao won

36、 the 2022 Touching China award. Never giving up _ the key to her success.AisBareCwere4（2023湖南郴州统考中考真题）Dongjiang Lake is a good place to have fun and _ tourists go camping there in summer.AhundredBhundredsChundreds of5（2023黑龙江统考中考真题）Nowadays, _ people like HUAWEI phones better, and about _ of them ar

37、e adults.Athe number of; four fifthsBa number of; four fifthsCa number of; four fifth题组3 语法选择The worlds longest cross-sea bridgethe Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB)opened on 1. The Guardian described it as one of the “2 wonders of the modern world”.Construction (施工) on the HZMB began 3 and cost

38、about 4 yuan. The bridge links Hong Kong and Macao to the Chinese mainland city of Zhuhai, CGTN reported.The HZMB is unique in many ways. Its designed to have a service life of 120 years,5 than most bridges.In one section, the bridge turns into a 6 undersea tunnel that passes through two man-made is

39、lands. The tunnel is the worlds longest undersea tunnel for road traffic, allowing large ships to continue passing through the sea area in the tunnel.The bridges engineers had to consider many environmental factors in order to protect the surrounding (周围的) environment while building the bridge.7 of

40、Chinese white dolphins, an endangered species that lives in the area, attracted particular concern.The HZMB will make it much more convenient to travel between the 8 areas it connects. It will shorten the travel time from Hong Kong to Zhuhai from four hours to about 9.By connecting local cities and

41、regions closer, the bridge will benefit 10 people in this area. It is expected to drive the economic (经济的) development of Hong Kong, Macao and nine Guangdong cities, South China Morning Post noted. 1.A.October 24, 2018B.24nd October, 2018C.2018, October 24D.2018, 24th October2.A.sevenB.seventhC.the

42、seventhD.sevens3.A.in 2009B.in the 2009C.in 2009sD.in the 2009s4.A.120 billionsB.120 billion ofC.120 billions ofD.120 billion5.A.20-year-longB.20 years longerC.20 years longD.20-year longer6.A.6.7 kilometerB.6.7 kilometersC.6.7-kilometerD.6.7 kilometers7.A.One thirdB.One threeC.One thirds D.One threes8.A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four9.A.45 minuteB.45 minutesC.45-minute D.45 minutes10.A.millionB.millionsC.million of D.millions of