中考专题之易混淆的词汇知识讲解教案.docx

1、中考专题之易混淆的词汇 中考对易混淆词汇的考查主要集中在：1. 掌握对易混淆的词汇的区别2. 中考中题型和大体分值：阅读理解和完形填空（3分以上）知识精讲（一）为什么要学习和掌握易混淆的词汇？ 区分和掌握易混淆的词汇，对我们应用这个词汇是很有必要的。有很多的单词或词组，在意思上很相近，但用法上却迥然不同。还有些词组在词形上很相似，意思却完全不一样。因此学习和掌握易混淆的词汇，对我们正确理解词义是很重要的。（二）易混淆的单词。1. all, none, both, neither, either（1）all“（三者以上）都；整个的”，表示肯定意义，主要用法有：all the +名词，或all o

2、f the +复数名词/宾格人称代词，或用于助动词、be动词后。【例句】They are all students. 他们都是学生。All of them are from America. 他们全都来自美国。All the students work hard in our class. 我们班上的所有学生学习都很努力。（2）none“（三者以上）都不”，表否定意义，主要用于对how many问句进行否定回答，或None of +复数名词/宾格人称代词。【例句】How many apples have you eaten today? 今天你吃了多少个苹果？ None. 一个也没吃。 Non

3、e of us have been there. 我们中没有人去过那儿。（3）both“两者都”，表示肯定意义，主要用法有：1）用于be动词、助动词后；2）both of +复数名词/宾格人称代词【例句】His parents are both workers. 他父母都是工人。Both of us are Chinese. 我们俩都是中国人。（4）neither“两者都不”，表示否定意义，主要用法有：1）neither of +复数名词/宾格人称代词；2）neithernor 既不也不；3）Neither +助动词+主语 也不【例句】 Neither of the two boys are

4、English and they are both Americans. 来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K这两个男孩都不是英国人，他俩都是美国人。（5）either “两者中的任何一个”，用于肯定句，表示“在两者中的任何一方面”，主要句型有：1）either A or B 要么A要么B；2）either of +复数名词/代词；3）either +单数名词【例句】Are you free on Saturday and Sunday? 星期六和星期天你有空吗？ Yes. Either day is OK. 有空。任何一天都行。【状元典例】 1. We are both very tired, b

5、ut _ of us would like to have a rest. A. none B. both C. all D. neither 2. Anna and Linda are good friends. They _ like skating. A. both B. all C. neither D. either 3. When shall we have the party, Saturday or Sunday? _ is OK. Ill be free this weekend.A. Both B. All C. Neither D. Either 答案：1. D 2. A

6、 3. D 思路分析：1. 我们两个人都很累，但是我们两个中没有一个想去休息。“两者之一没有”用neither，故选择D。2. 两个人都喜欢滑冰，“两者都”用both。故选择A。3. “两者之一”用either，故选择D。2. lend, borrow, keep （1）borrow，“借进、借入”，表示将某物借进来，常与介词from连用。【例句】 He borrowed a book from the library yesterday. 昨天他从图书室里借了一本书。（2）lend，“借出”，表示将某物借出去，其主要句型为：lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.【例

7、句】 He lent a pen to me just now. 他刚才借了一支钢笔给我。（3）keep，“借多久”，常与时间段连用，句型为：keep sth. for +段时间【例句】 You can keep the book for a week. 这本书你可以借一星期。【状元典例】 1. Jim, may I _ your MP4? Sure. But youd better not _ it to others. A. lend; lend B. lend; borrow C. borrow; borrow D. borrow; lend 2. He has _ that bike

8、for three months. A. kept B. borrowed C. lend D. lent 3. I dont have enough money for the CD player. Maybe you can _ some money from your brother. A. borrow B. make C. keep D. take 4. How long can I _ this book ? For a week. A. borrow B. lend C. return D. keep 答案：1. D 2. A 3. A 4. D思路分析： 1. 我可以借你的MP

9、4吗？可以，但是你不能借给别人。故选择D。来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|K2. 他保存了那辆自行车三个月。故选择A。3. 你可以从你的哥哥那借一些钱。故选择A。4. 这本书我可以借多久?与时间段连用，故选择D。3. in, later, after, behind （1）in +时间段，意为：“在之后”，用于一般将来时。【例句】He will return in ten days. 他10天后回来。（2）时间段+later, 意为：“在之后”，多用于过去时，也可用于一般将来时。有时later，也可单独使用。【例句】One year later, he left Shanghai. 一年后，他离开

10、了上海。I shall reach Shanghai on May 1, and about 20 days later I shall leave for Guangzhou. 我五月一日到达上海，20天后我前往广州。（3）after +时间点，意为：“之后”，多用于过去时或一般现在时。【例句】His father went to work after 6 oclock. 他父亲在六点钟后去上班了。（4）behind +人/物，意为：“在某人或某物之后”，表位置。【例句】He sits behind me. 他坐在我身后。【状元典例】 1. Will people live to be 25

11、0 years old _ 100 years? A. in B. after C. later D. behind 2. Three days _, John went to the doctor again. A. in B. after C. later D. behind 3. Tom is taller than me, so he sits _ me. A. in B. after C. later D. behind 4. He has to go home _ 6 oclock. A. in B. after C. later D. behind 答案：1. A 2. C 3.

12、 D 4. B 思路分析： 1. 一百年后，将来时用in，故选择A。2. 三天后，John又去看医生了。过去时用later，故选择C。3. 坐在我的后边，故选择D。4. 6点以后他不得不回家。after后接时间点，故选B。4. wear, dress, put on （1）wear + 衣/鞋/袜/帽/眼镜，表示经常穿或已经穿好、戴好【例句】He often wears a suit. 他经常穿套装。（2）dress oneself / sb. 主要强调自己穿衣或为别人穿衣【例句】 The boy can dress himself. 这小男孩会自己穿衣了。My mother is dress

13、ing her baby in the room. 母亲正在房间为孩子穿衣。 （3）put on + 衣/鞋/袜/帽/眼镜，表示穿上或戴上的过程【例句】 If you cant see the words on the blackboard, please put on your glasses. 如果你看不见黑板上的字，请戴上眼镜。【状元典例】 1. The boy is old enough to _ himself. A. wear B. dress C. put on D. be in 2. Its very cold outside. Please _ your coat. A. w

14、ear B. dress C. put on D. be in 3. Every day we have to _ a uniform to school. What about you? So do we. I think its very good for us middle school students. A. put on B. dress C. wear D. have on 答案：1. B 2. C 3. C 思路分析：1. 那个男孩（年纪）足够大了，能自己穿衣服了。故选择B。2. 外边很冷，请穿上你的外衣。故选择C。3. 每天我们都要穿着校服去学校。故选择C。5. either

15、, also, too, as well, yet （1）either, “也”，用于否定句句末【例句】 He didnt know it. I didnt know, either. 他不知道，我也不知道。 （2）also, “也”，用于肯定句中，常放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。【例句】 He is good at Chinese. I am also good at it. 他擅长汉语，我也擅长汉语。 （3）too,“也”，用于肯定句或一般疑问句句末，其前须用逗号。【例句】 He studies hard and his sister studies hard, too

16、. 他学习努力，他妹妹也努力。 （4）as well, “也”，用于肯定句句末，多出现在口语中，可与too互换。【例句】 She not only sings, she plays the piano as well. 她不但会唱歌，而且会弹钢琴。 （5）yet ,“已经、还”，常用于现在完成时的否定句和一般疑问句句末。【例句】 They havent finished their homework yet. 他们还没有完成作业。 Has he left Shanghai yet? 他已经离开上海了吗？ 【状元典例】 1. He hasnt finished his homework _. A

17、. also B. either C. too D. yet 2. Tom is _ from England. A. also B. either C. too D. yet 3. He can speak English, and he can speak Russian _. A. also B. either C. yet D. as well 4. I dont like to do the washing. Its boring. I dont like, _. A. too B. also C. either D. still 答案：1. D 2. A 3. D 4. C 思路分

18、析：1. 他还没有完成作业。现在完成时的否定句句尾用yet，故选择D。2. Tom也是来自英格兰。句中的“也”用also表示，故选择A。3. 肯定句句尾用as well，故选择D。4. 否定句句尾用either，故选择C。6. cross, across, through, over, past （1）cross“穿过、横穿”，动词，表示从一边到另一边。【例句】 Dont cross the road when there is a bus. 当有车的时候，别横穿公路。 （2）across“穿过、横穿”， 介词， 常和动词go，walk，run，travel等连用，表示从一边到另一边。【例句】

19、 When the traffic lights turn green, you can walk across the street. 当交通灯变绿的时候，你可以横穿街道。 （3）through “穿过”，介词，表示从某一空间或范围内穿过。【例句】 The light went through the window. 光线从窗户里射进来。 The man walked through the forest. 这人穿越了这片森林。 （4）over “越过”，介词，表示从某物体的上方跨越而过。【例句】 The plane flew over the mountain. 飞机飞过了这座山。 （5）

20、past“经过”，介词，表示从某物的旁边经过。【例句】 He walked past the post office this morning. 今天上午，他从这家邮局旁边经过。【状元典例】 1. The policeman helped the old man _ the road. A. above B. cross C. through D. over 2. The ball went the window. A. cross B. past C. across D. through 3. Be careful to look left and right before you go _

21、 the road. A. across B. will cross C. cross D. crossing 答案：1. B 2. D 3. A 思路分析：1. 警察帮助那个老妇人穿过了马路。“从一边到另一边”用cross。故选择B。2. 球穿过了窗户。故选择D。3. 固定短语go across，意思是“从一边到另一边”，表示“穿过”。故选择A。7. cost, spend, pay, take （1）cost是花费的意思，主语一般是物。【例句】 How much do the vegetables cost? 这些蔬菜花了多少钱？ （2）spend也是花费的意思，主语一般是人。用法有spe

22、nd on或spend in doing。【例句】 You really shouldnt spend so much effort on it. 你真不该在这件事上花费这么大的精力。 （3）pay 是支付的意思，多用于pay for。【例句】 Let me pay for dinner. 让我来付晚饭的钱吧。 （4）take 有花费的意思，多用于句型It takes sb. time to do sth.。【例句】 How long will it take me to get there? 到那儿我要花多长时间？【状元典例】 1. The cap _ me 50 yuan. 2. Now

23、that you have no money, so Ill _ for you. 3. It _ me three hours to do my homework every day. 4. I _ ten yuan on this book. 答案：1. cost 2. pay 3. takes 4. spent 思路分析：1. 那顶帽子花了我50元钱。主语是物，故用cost。2. 既然你没有钱，我帮你付钱吧。付钱用pay for，故答案是pay。3. 我每天花费三个小时的时间写作业。应用句型It takes sb. time to do sth.，故答案是takes。4. 我在这本书上花

24、了10元。主语是我，故答案是spent。 8. fill, full （1）fill 是动词，意为“充满、装满”。【例句】 He filled the hole with sand. The cup is filled with hot water. （2）full 是形容词，意为“满的”。多用于短语be full of。【例句】 The buses in Beijing are always full of passengers.【状元典例】 1. His head is _（装满）strange ideas. 2. I_（塞满）my purse _ money. 答案：1. full of

25、 2. fill, with 思路分析：1. be full of 装满的 2. fillwith 用装满 （三）易混淆的短语1. find, look for, look up , find out, look over, look through, look like （1）look for“寻找”，强调找的过程。【例句】 He is looking for his English book. 他正在找他的英语书。 （2）find“找到”，强调找的结果。【例句】 He looked for the keys to his motorbike, but he didnt find it. 他

26、到处找他的摩托车钥匙，但没有找到。 （3）find out “查明、弄清楚”，主要指找出事实真相，后多接宾语从句。来源:ZXXK【例句】 The teacher wanted to find out who broke the door. 老师想查明谁弄坏了门。 （4）look up “查找”，后面接表主要信息、字典等词语。【例句】 He often looks up useful information on Internet. 他经常在网上查找有用的信息。 （5）look over “仔细查看”，主要指检查身体。【例句】 The doctor looked over the sick ma

27、n. 大夫检查了这位病人。 （6）look through “（从头至尾）浏览、详尽核查”。【例句】 My father usually looks through the newspaper before he goes to work every day. 我父亲每天上班之前都要把报纸浏览一遍。 （7）look like “看上去像”，后面接名词。【例句】 The cat looks like a hat. 那只猫看上去像一顶帽子。【状元典例】 1. Whats the matter? I am having trouble _ who has broken my book. A. fin

28、ding B. looking for C. finding out D. looking up 2. Always _ your homework before handing it in. A. look up B. look through C. look for D. look after 3. these words in a dictionary. A. Look through B. Look after C. Look for D. Look up 答案：1. C 2. B 3. D 思路分析：1. 我要找出是谁弄破了我的书。find out，找出，查明，故选择C。2. 在交作

29、业之前要从头到尾检查一遍。look through，详尽核查，故选择B。3. 在字典里查这些词。look up后可接信息、字典等词语，故选择D。2. how far, how old, how often, how long, how soon （1）how far “多远”，对距离提问。【例句】 How far is it from here to your school? 从这儿到你学校有多远？ Its about ten minutes walk. 大约10分钟的路程。 （2）how old “多大、多少岁”，对年龄提问。【例句】 How old are you? 你多少岁？ Im te

30、n years old. 我10岁。 （3）How often “多久”，对表示频度的副词如always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never及其短语，如every day, once a week等提问。【例句】 How often do you have a P.E.? 你们多久上一次体育课？ Twice a week. 每周两次。 （4）How long“多长、多久”，对时间段或事物的长度提问。【例句】 How long did you skate yesterday? 昨天你溜冰溜了多长时间？ For about two hours. 大约

31、两小时。 How long is the river? 这条河流有多长？ Its around 1000 kilometers. 大约1000千米。 （5）How soon “多久以后”，对一般将来时的“in+ 时间段”提问。【例句】 How soon will you come back? 你多久后回来？ Ill be back in two hours. 我两小时后回来。 【状元典例】 1. _ has your brother studied in New York? For two years. A. How far B. How old C. How often D. How lon

32、g 2. _ do you write to your parents? Once a month. A. How often B. How long C. How much D. How many 3. _ will she get to Shanghai? In three hours. A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How far 答案：1. D 2. A 3. B 思路分析： 1. 你的哥哥在纽约学习多长时间了？答语是时间段，故选择D。2. 你多长时间给你父母写一封信啊？答语是频率副词短语，故选择A。3. 她多久以后到上海？问句用了将来

33、时，答句用了in+时间段，故选择B。3. in a minute, after a minute, just a minute, a moment ago （1）in a minute“一会儿、立刻”，相当于soon，right away，用于一般将来时。【例句】 Mary will come here in a minute. 玛丽一会儿就到这儿。 （2）after a minute “一会儿之后”，用于一般过去时。【例句】 He left here after a minute. 一会儿之后，他离开了这儿。 （3）just a minute “就一会儿、稍等、稍候”，常用于口语中。【例句】

34、 Could I speak to Mr. Smith? 请史密斯先生接电话，好吗？ Just a minute. 稍等。 （4）a moment ago“刚才、一会儿之前”，相当于just now，用于一般过去时。【例句】 She came here a moment ago. 她刚才来过这里。【状元典例】 1. Could you please clean up your bedroom? OK, I will do it _. A. just a moment B. after a minute C. in a minute D. a moment ago 2. May I speak

35、to Mr. Green? Yes, _. A. after a minute B. in a minute C. just a minute D. a moment ago 答案：1. C 2. C 思路分析： 1. 你能打扫你的卧室吗？能，我立刻就去打扫。答语用了将来时，故选择。2. 设空处是稍等的意思，故选择。4. come along, come in, come true, come over, come on, come out, come up （1）come along“跟着来；快走；走吧”【例句】 Come along, its almost twelve oclock. 快

36、走吧，已经快12点了。 （2）come in“进来”【例句】 May I come in? 我可以进来吗？ （3）come true“实现”【例句】 His dream has come true. 他的理想实现了。 （4）come over “过来、顺便来访”【例句】 Come over and give me a hand. 过来帮我一把。 （5）come on “赶快、加油”【例句】 Come on! We are going to be late. 快点！我们要迟到了。 （6）come out “出来、露出、出现、发芽（开花）”【例句】 When spring comes, the f

37、lowers come out. 春天到了，花儿开放了。（7）come up “走近；发生；开始；上升；被提出”【例句】A beggar came up to us and asked for money. 一个乞丐走过来向我们要钱。【状元典例】 1. Ted wants to be a great scientist. I think his dream will _. A. come in B. make sure C. come true D. come over 2. Hi, Sam, were going for a walk. Would you like to _? Great!

38、 Lets go. A. come along B. come on C. come out D. come up 答案：1. C 2. A 思路分析：1. 我认为他的梦想将会实现。故选择C。2. 你想跟着一起去吗？故选择A。5. too much, much too, too many （1）too much“太多”，用于不可数名词前或动词后。【例句】 Dont eat too much sugar, its bad for your health. 别吃太多的糖，它对你健康有害。 （2）much too“很、十分”，用于形容词前表程度【例句】 He felt much too tired

39、today. 今天他觉得很疲倦。 （3）too many“太多”，用于复数名词前【例句】 We have too many exercises to do today. 今天我们要做的练习太多了。 【状元典例】 1. Im afraid the headmaster is _ busy to meet the visitors. A. too much B. so much C. very much D. much too 2. He has _ houses in the city. He wants to sell some. A. too many B. many too C. too

40、much D. much too 3. Mrs. Li is very tired on weekends because she has _ housework to do. A. much too B. too many C. much more D. too much 答案：1. A 2. B 3. D 思路分析： 1. 恐怕校长太忙没有时间去会见参观者。故选择。2. 他有很多的房子在城里，他想卖一些。too many后接可数名词，故选择。3. 她有很多的家务活要做，家务活不可数，故选择。6. have gone to, have been to, have been in （at） （

41、1）have gone to +地点 “去了某地”，说话时人不在现场。【例句】 Where is Mr. Li? 李老师在哪儿？ He has gone to the library. 他去图书馆了。（现在他不在这里） （2）have been to +地点 “去过某地”，意思是人目前在说话人所在的地方【例句】 Where have you been? 你去过哪儿？ I have been to many places, such as Shanghai, Hangzhou, Guangzhou .我去过很多地方，比如上海、杭州，广州等。 （3）have been at（in）+地点 “到（去

42、）某地多久”，目前人还在那地方，后面须用for+时间段或since+时间点/从句【例句】 He has been in our school for about 10 years. 他到我们学校10年了。【状元典例】 . I want to return the book to Jack, but I cant find him. He _ the library. You can find him there. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. goes to 2. My father _ New York three times. He knows it very well. A. went to B. has gone to C. was going to D. has been to 3. Hi, John. Shall we go to Australia for the long holiday? Sorry. I _ there twice. A. have gone B. was C. have been D. am 答案：1. B 2. D 3. C 思路分析：1. 他去图书馆了，你可以去那找他。故选择。2. 我爸爸去过纽约三次了，他对那很了解。故选择。来源:ZXXK3. 我去过两次了。故选择。