中考英语知识点梳理：动词讲解.docx

1、中考英语知识点梳理：动词讲解考点一: 动词的分类动词按照含义及它们在句中的作用分为四类，即行为动词，也称实义动词，(连)系动词、助动词和情态动词。一、动词的分类1.实义动词的用法(及物动词与不及物动词)实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其是否跟宾语分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)。(1)及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整，如reach，ask，return，love，need。具体用法为：动词宾语。如：He reached Canada yesterday.他昨天到达加拿大。动词宾语宾语补足语。如：They asked me to go fishing w

2、ith them.他们让我一起去钓鱼。I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园里玩。注意：带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的常考动词有：make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。动词间接宾语直接宾语。如：I will return the storybook to him.我准备把故事书还给他。注意：带双宾语的常考动词有：give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell，reach，return等。(2)不及物动词不及物动词

3、本身意思完整，无须接宾语，构成“主语谓语”的句型，如swim，come，go，run，travel等；若后面接宾语，必须与介词连用。如：Lucy is swimming. 露西正在游泳。I am waiting for you at the school gate.我正在校门口等你。(3)有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。如：We study English.我们学习英语。(及物)We study hard.我们学习努力。(不及物)2系动词的用法系动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。如：The food tastes delici

4、ous. 那食物尝起来好吃。常考系动词的分类类别功能例词表示状态表示主语所处的状态。am，is，are，was，were表示持续表示主语继续或保持某种身份和状态。keep，remain，stay，stand，lie表示感官表示人体感官的系动词。look，feel，smell，taste，sound表示状态变化表示主语从一种状态变换到另一种状态。become，get，go，grow，turn注意：一般情况下，系动词没有被动语态形式。表示状态的系动词一般不用于进行时(feel除外)；变化系动词表示“渐渐”，可用于进行时。如：Its getting warmer and warmer.天气渐渐变得暖

5、和。3助动词的用法助动词本身没有意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数。此外，还可以用来构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。具体用法见下表：分类作用beam/is/are现在分词现在进行时was/were现在分词过去进行时be过去分词被动语态do形式有do，does，did，用于构成疑问句和否定句，或用在动词前加强语气havehave/has过去分词现在完成时had过去分词过去完成时havebeen现在分词现在完成进行时will/shallwill/shall动词原形一般将来时would/should动词原形过去将来时【易错点提醒】w

6、ill，would，shall，should除了表示单纯的将来时间以外，更多的是用作情态动词。4.情态动词的用法can/could的基本用法：表示体力或智力上的能力，即“能够，会”，可与be able to转换,过去时是could如果表示将来具备的能力，要用will be able to。 may/might的基本用法:表示“许可”，用can比较口语化,过去时是might。肯定句中表示推测，“可能”。(3) must的基本用法:表示必须，强调说话人的主观意志。表示推测，一般只用于肯定陈述句,表示非常肯定。(4) have to的基本用法：have to可视为情态动词，但它与其他情态动词在用法上

7、稍有不同。其他情态动词没有人称和数的变化，而have to却有人称和数的变化，要视主语不同而变化。(5) need的基本用法：need的基本词义是“需要”，它既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词。need用作情态动词时，只用于否定句和疑问句。它只有一种形式，后接动词原形。need用作实义动词时，有时态、人称和数的变化。动词的基本形式英语动词有五种基本形式，即：动词原形、第三人称单数(现在时)、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。规则动词的三种变化规律动词的结构第三人称单数过去式/分词现在分词一般情况v.s(works， reads)v.ed(stayed)v.ing(doing)以不发音的e结尾动词v.s(

8、comes)v.d(moved)去e，再ing(moving)一个元音字母一个辅音字母结尾的重读音节v.s(plans，stops)双写辅音字母，再加ed(planned)双写辅音字母，再ing(stopping)特殊情况以x、s、z、ch、sh、o结尾动词，ves(goes)以辅音字母y结尾的动词，改y为i，再ed(studied)以ie结尾的动词，改ie为y,再ing(lying)【名师点睛】1.动词的时态英语时态用共有十六种时态，其中常用的有8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。(1)一般现在时的基本用法1) 经常性

9、或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every, sometimes,at, on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is ro

10、und.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much.5) 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般现在时句中可用来表示将来肯定会发生的动作。The train comes at 3 oclock.6) 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。Ill help you as soon as you have problem.Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him.(2)一般过去时的用法：表示过去某

11、一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。I worked in that factory last year.【注意】1) 过去经常反复发生的动作，也可用used to或would加动词原形来表达，例如：I used to go fishing on Sundays.2) “used to”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态。例如：This river used to be clean.(3)一般

12、将来时的用法1)表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I shall attend the meeting tomorrow.2)表示将来反复发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：He will go to see his mother every Saturdays.3)表示将来的意愿，决心，许诺， 命令等时常用will，征求对方意见，主语是第一人称时，常用shall。I will do my best to catch up with them.Shall I open the door?4)be + going + 动词不定式。也是一种将来时句型，表示打算，计划，最近或将来要作的某事。I am going

13、 to Beijing next week.5)be + 动词不定式。表示有职责，义务，可能，约定，意图等。There is to be a meeting this afternoon.We are to meet the guests at the station.6)be about + 动词不定式，表示马上，很快作某事。They are about to leave.(4)现在进行时的用法1) 现在进行时的用法表示说话者说话时正在发生或者进行的动作， 它注重现在正在进行的动作，而不管动作从什么时间开始，到什么时间结束。What are you doing now?I am lookin

14、g for my key.2) 现在进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作(但说话时这个动作不一定在进行)。The students are preparing for the examination.3) 某些动词的现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有 arrive, come, leave, start等。They are going to Hong Kong tomorrow.【注意】有些动词一般不可以用于进行时态表示状态的动词，尤其是静态动词，如：be, have表示认识、知觉和情感的动词，如：know, think, hear, find, see, like, want,

15、wish, prefer等。(5)现在完成时的用法1) 现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作。I have bought a ten-speed bicycle.They have cleaned the classroom.2) 现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。 现在完成时常与for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用。We have lived here since 1976.They have waited for more than two hours.【注意】一般过去时与现在完成时的区别试比较：I saw this film ye

16、sterday.(强调看的动作发生过了，不涉及现在)I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。)(6)过去进行时的用法表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。例如：I was watching TV when she came to see me.【注意】过去进行时和一般过去时都是过去发生的事情，但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态，强调动作的连续进行，而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去事实，例如：They were building a house last month. (上个月正在建造，建造好与否不知)They built a ne

17、w house last month. (上个月建造好了，动作已经完成)(7)过去完成时的用法过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或所处的状态，过去完成时常和 by , before 等词组成的短语和从句连用。We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year.When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes.(8)过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在地状态，过去将来

18、时较多地被运用在宾语从句中。例如：They were going to have a meeting.I told him that I would see him off at the station.2.动词的语态语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。(1)被动语态1) 被动语态最基本的句型结构是： be +及物动词过去分词2) 被动语态中的谓语动词一定要是及物动词因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者，某些短语动词如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被动语

19、态。The children were taken good care of by her.【注意】短语动词中的介词或副词变成被动语态时不可遗漏。3) 主动语态变为被动语态要加“to”的情况若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。此类动词为感官动词，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如：The teacher made me go out of the classroom.I was made to go out of the classroom

20、(by the teacher).4) 主动形式表示被动意义如wash, clean, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等动词虽然用做主动形式却表示被动的意义。例如：The food tastes good.动词时态专项练习1、Be careful! You might fall into the water. -Thank you. I _ I _ so close to the pool.A. didnt know; am standing B. dont know; am standingC. didnt know;

21、 was standing D. didnt know; would stand2、It was the third time that I _ in at his office. A. have dropped B. had dropped C. dropped D. was dropping3、Five years ago nobody knew him, although he _ more than 100 songs.A. already wrote B. have already written C. had already written D. was already writi

22、ng4、If Mary _ next Sunday, we will go boating together. A. will come B. comes C. shall come D. should come5、When _ you _ your homework? -I had finished it before he _ back.A. have; finished; cameB. have; finished; was comingC. did; finish; came D. did; finish; was coming6、What _ the forest in our co

23、untry in the last ten years. A. has happened do B. is happened to C. has happened at D. is happening7、Hi, Lin Tao. I didnt see you at the party. -Oh, I _ ready for the maths exam.A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got8、When her father came back home, Joan _ with her friend. A. talked B. tal

24、ks C. is talking D. was talking9、Im sorry I havent got any money. I _ my handbag at home. A. have missed B. have left C. have put D. have forgotten10、_ me carefully, boys and girls. Can you _ me? A. Listen to; hear B. Hear; listen to C. Hear; hear D. Listen to; hear from11、I _ one of my friends an h

25、our ago. - I know . You are in your home now. A . visited. B. visit C. am visiting D. will visit 12、-Where _you _on vacation?-I went to New York City.A、did, go B、are, going C、will,go D、do,you13、They were doing homework when the telephone _. A. rings B. was ringing C. rang D. has rang14、Have you seen

26、 my brother?Yes. I _ him in the library five minutes ago.A.met B.have met C.meet D.have been met15、After we pass the exam, we _ by having a party next week.A. are celebrated B. celebrate C. will be celebrated D. will celebrate16、Mike used to be a top student, but he _ behind since he lost himself in

27、 computer games. A. fell B. has fallen C. was D. has been17、-Who cleaned the blackboard yesterday , Dick? -John _.A. cleaned B. does C. did D. is 18、We _ about 1,600 English words since we began to learn the language. A. learn B. learned C. will learn D. have learned19、We _ Mangshan National Forest Park last Sunday. We had a wonderful time. A. visit B. visits C. will visit D. visited20、Linda is not coming for the party tonight.But she_Apromises Bpromised Cwill promise Dhad promised参考答案1、C2、B3、C4、B5、C6、A7、B8、D9、B10、A11、A 12、A13、C14、A15、D16、D17、C18、D19、D20、B