主谓一致之形式一致（讲义）.docx

1、高中英语主谓一致之形式一致1. 通过学习本课，能够全面掌握主谓一致中的形式一致原则。2. 通过学习本课，能够初步了解形式一致原则在主谓一致中的注意事项。重点：掌握形式一致原则的几种情况。难点：掌握形式一致原则的分析方法及技巧和变通。1. 主谓一致主要考查考生对句式的理解，判断主语的类型，进而与谓语动词协调搭配，保证句式的正确与完整。近年来主谓一致的考查题目并不多，而且在大部分试卷当中有逐年减少的趋势。2. 高考中主谓一致是考生复习时必备的考点。从高考命题的取材和立意来看，对主谓一致的考查仍然会出现在并列句和复合句中，会与其他考点相结合，对学生辨识句式的能力进行考查。因此，要对主谓一致有清晰的理

2、解。单数名词、动名词、不定式及从句作主语形式一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式要与句子的主语一致。句中作主语的词若是单数形式，谓语动词则用单数形式；若主语是复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。单数可数名词以及不可数名词、动名词、动词不定式、从句等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。Reading aloud is very important in learning English.大声朗读对于英语学习非常重要。To nod ones head means agreement.点头表示同意。What they said is true.他们说的是真的。The number of errors was s

3、urprising. 错误之多是惊人的。They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. is B. are C. has D. have答案：C 思路分析：根据动名词短语作主语, 句子的谓语动词用单数形式, 由此排除B、D两项, 根据主语与caused的主动关系, 排除A项。and连接并列结构作主语主语中有and连接词时，谓语动词多用复数形式。但如果由and 连接的并列

4、成分指的是同一概念，谓语动词则要用单数形式。常见的由and连接两个名词指一个概念的形式有：the needle and thread（针线）, the fork and knife（刀叉）, soap and water（肥皂水）, iron and steel（钢铁）, bread and butter（涂有奶油的面包）等。Mary and Catherine are close friends.玛丽和凯瑟琳是亲密的朋友。The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那个工人兼作家来自武汉。比较：The worker and the writer are from

5、 Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家来自北京。Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 黄油面包是西方的日常饮食。Bread and butter is served for breakfast in this hotel.这家旅馆提供黄油面包作为早餐。用and连接的两个名词若被no, each, every, many a等修饰作主语时，谓语动词须用单数。有时可将第二个every, each, no省略。Each man and (each) woman has a chance to be raised in our company.在我

6、们公司，每位男士和女士都有提升的机会。No boy and (no) girl doesnt go to school at the age of six in this village because of the Hope Project.由于有了希望工程，这个村所有六岁的男孩、女孩都能去读书。Every desk and every chair is made of wood. 桌子和椅子都是木头做的。Did you go to the show last night?Yeah. Every boy and girl in the areainvited.A. were B. have

7、been C. has been D. was答案：D思路分析：主语是every boy and girl, 表示单数概念, 故谓语动词用单数, 且询问昨晚的情况, 有明确的过去时间, 所以应选择was。as well as等连接并列结构作主语as well as, rather than, including, like, with, together with, along with, but, except, besides, no less than, more than等连接并列的名词或代词作主语时，谓语与其前面的主语保持一致。The teacher together with th

8、e students is discussing Reading Skills that was newly published in America.老师和学生们都在讨论美国新出版的阅读技巧。The father as well as his three children goes skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.冬天，父亲和他的三个孩子每个周日下午都去结冰的河上滑冰。I, like most of my classmates, am interested in watching TV.我和我大多数同学

9、一样，对看电视很感兴趣。Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to答案：A 思路分析：主语中心词是Dr. Smith, 表单数, 谓语动词用单数形式；时间状语是this summer, 表计划性的将来, 故时态用一般将来时, 选A。either及everything等代词作主语“either/ neither/ each/ every/ no+单数名词”以及由so

10、me, any, no, every与one, body, thing构成的复合不定代词如everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Neither book is interesting to me.在我看来，这两本书都没什么趣味。Someone has come to see you.有人来看你了。Thanks to your help, everything goes well here.多亏了你的帮助，这儿一切都很好。Nobody been informed of the relevant information of the meeting tomorrow.A. have B.

11、 has C. is D. are答案：B思路分析：主语是nobody，为复合不定代词，故谓语动词用单数，故而当在B和C之间选择，又考虑到句子的时态，所以选择B。“a lot of等+名词”或“分数、百分数+名词”作主语由“a lot of/ lots of/plenty of/the rest of/a large quantity of+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要依据短语后名词的数而定。As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has covere

12、d the land.由于森林被大量破坏，导致沙漠覆盖了地面。About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.地球四分之三的表面被水覆盖着。Half of the students have finished their composition. 一半学生完成了作文。Half of the apple is bad. 这苹果一半都坏了。The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purpo

13、ses.A. is B. are C. was D. were 答案：D思路分析：定语从句中先行词是the raw materials，故定语从句应与先行词数的一致，用复数，上文时态为过去式，故选D。句意为：工厂用了这种原材料的65%，剩余部分节省出来作他用。“one of+名词”作主语在“one of+名词复数+定语从句”中，当关系代词作主语引导定语从句时，若是one of结构，定语从句谓语动词用复数形式，若是the only one of结构，定语从句谓语动词则用单数形式。He was one of the boys who were praised.他是受表扬的男孩之一。He was t

14、he only one of the boys who was praised.他是男孩中唯一受到表扬的。Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress.A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn答案：B思路分析：首先the only one of 为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是one，即one是主语，而非后面的复数women，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用复数，排除A、D。另外，从“is”可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在

15、时，排除C，故选B。1. One third of the country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_black people. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is2. The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America. A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was

16、 3. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area.A. need repairingB. needs to repairC. needs repairingD. need to repair4. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet. A. hasnt been decided B. havent decidedC. isnt being decided

17、 D. arent decided5. Most of what has been said about the Smithsalso true of the Johnsons.A. areB. is C. beingD. to be答案：1. A 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. B思路分析：1. 整个国家为整体，三分之一的部分当然也应用单数；而the majority of citizens主要指人，是可数名词，此时的谓语动词用复数，表示“大多数，大部分”。2. A together with B作主语时谓语动词与A的单复数保持一致；第二空为定语从句that指代Reading Skills, 由于Reading Skills是书名，所以谓语动词用单数。3. 分数、百分数修饰名词, 谓语动词的单复数取决于名词, 此处two-thirds修饰buildings, 故谓语动词取决于名词复数buildings , 排除B、C两项, need doing=need to be done意为 “需要被做”。4. 根据句意, 此处应用被动语态, 不用主动语态, 故排除B；又因为when and where表示单数意义, 故排除D；再根据句末的yet可知, 最好用现在完成时, 故选A最佳。5. 名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。另外，句中be true of意为 “对也适应”。