人教版必修五第6讲：Unit3Life in the future-语法篇（学生版）.docx

1、Unit3 Life in the future-语法篇_1. 学会过去分词作状语的用法；2. 理解过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语的区别；3. 能够使用过去分词做状语的情况作对相关题目，灵活使用。过去分词 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。过去分词与现在分词作状语 过去分词表完成、被动，与主句主语之间是被动关系；现在分词表进行，主动，与主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前，则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。过去分词表完成、被动，作状语时，其逻辑主语是主句的主语，且与主语之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作状语可表时

2、间, 原因，让步，结果，方式，条件等。观察下列的句子：Once published, his works (=Once his works was published,) became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line. PP作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。 过去分词作时间状语1. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. =When heated, ice will be changed into

3、 water. 2. When it is seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed. =Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape. 过去分词作原因状语1. Since/ As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. =Given advice by the fam

4、ous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. 2. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. =Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. 过去分词作条件或者假设状语1. If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. =Given more attention, the cabba

5、ges could have grown better. 2. If I am compared with you, we still have a long way to go. =Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 作方式或伴随情况状语1. The hunter left his house, followed by his dog. =The hunter left his house, and he was followed by his dog.2. She sat by the window, lost in tho

6、ught. =She sat by the window, and she was lost in thought.lost表示一种迷失心理状态 总结：1.过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等；2.过去分词作状语时，过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时，需要独立主格结构或with复合结构来替代。（此时，也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。）例：The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A. being tied B. having tied C

7、. to be tied D. tied简析：很显然，待选部分的逻辑主语是his hands，而不是句子的主语The murderer，而his hands对于动词tie来说，只能是被动承受。因此，该题应选D。 注：过去分词有两大特点：1.表示被动的动作；2.表示已经完成的动作，因此，当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系被动。例如：Rewrite with proper conjunctionsExample: United we stand, divided we fail. =If we are united, we will stand, but if we are d

8、ivided, we will fail.1. Asked what had happened, he told us about it. When he was asked what had happened, he told us about it.2. Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.Because he was well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lect

9、ures.3. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. 4. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers. Once it was translated into Chinese, the book became very popular amon

10、g Chinese teenagers. 5. Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor. Because she was deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor. 6. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all. Although he was left alone at home，Sam did not feel afraid at all. 用过去分词作状语来改写句

11、子。1. As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.2. If he is given time, hell make a first-class tennis player.Given time, hell make a first-class tennis player.3. As I was confused by the new surroundin

12、gs, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. 4. When he was questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense. Questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense. Find out the sentences with same meaning. 1. As I was worrie

13、d about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.=Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.2. While I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. =Confused by the new surrounding, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.3. As I was exhaust

14、ed, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep. Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.Compare1. Following the old man, we went upstairs.we followed (跟着那个老人, 我们上去了)2. Followed by the old man, we went upstairs. (we were) (被那个老人跟着, 我们上去了)3. 从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。_ from the top, the stadium looks like a bi

15、rd nest.A. Seeing B. Seen4. 从太空看, 宇航员看不到长城。_ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall.A. Seeing B. SeenDifference between the Present Participle and the Past ParticipleUsed for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧.Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用

16、. Looking at her, he jumped with joy. Looked at by her, he jumped with joy.注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。 现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别1. 逻辑关系现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。1） 现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。He went out, shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。Not

17、knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。2） 过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better. 如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难时，我们必须设法克服。3） 部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不

18、用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in（陷入某种状态）、seated（坐着的）、hidden（躲着）、stationed（驻扎）、lost/absorbed（沉溺于）、 born in（出身于）、dressed in（穿着）、tired of（厌烦了）等。Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound. 因为沉溺于思考中，所以他没有听到那个声音。Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it. 出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。2. 时间概念过去分词所表示的动

19、作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“主动”动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(having been done)常和表示次数的短语及时间段(for+一段时间)连用，表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个“被动动作”，这种情况下不能用过去分词替换，其它情况下通常被过去分词所替换，使句式更简洁。Written in a hurry, this article was not so good. 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。Read

20、ing carefully, he found something he hadnt known before. 他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。Having finished his homework, he went home. 完成了作业，他就回家了。Having been discussed several times, the decision was finally made. 进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。 1. (2019德州模拟)The boy was sitting in his chair leisurely, _in the magazine he was

21、 reading.A. being absorbed B. absorbing C. to be absorbed D. absorbed2. (2019陕西五校二模)_the opportunity to speak at the graduation ceremony made me overjoyed.A. Being offered B. To offer C. Having offered D. Offered3. (2019佳木斯一中调研)_with the increasing unemployment, many people went on strike in most of

22、 the European countries.A. Facing B. Being faced C. Faced D. Having faced4. (2019南京一模)_that the Youth Olympic Games might be delayed due to severe air pollution, our government has made a promise to Jacques Rogge that they will spare no effort to settle the problem.A. Warned B. Having warned C. Warn

23、ing D. Being warned5. (2019河南豫北三校联考)_in the bank robbery, Tod was arrested by the local police early in the morning.A. Involving B. Involved C. To involve D. To be involved基础演练一、用所给词的适当形式填空1. When _(ask) why he was late, he went red.2. Deeply _(move) by the story, she began to cry.3. He walked out o

24、f the house, _(follow) by his pet dog _(name) Snoopy.4. Even if _(invite), I wont attend the evening party.5. The house _(paint) white, we like it better.6. The _(light) candle lighted/lit up the room.7. When _(travel), you should take care of yourself.8. _(see) the picture, I couldnt help thinking

25、of his good old days.9. People are trying to make the once _(pollute) rivers clean.10. _(encourage) by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.二、单项填空1. The strikers and the employer have reached a _ over new working conditions.A. agreement B. information C. settlemen

26、t D. suggestion2. New ways have to be found to _ of waste materials and poisonous gases so that we can have cleaned surroundings.A. deal B. do C. remove D. dispose3. How exciting! I drove my new car _ a speed of 110 km/h on Sunday morning.A. for B. at C. in D. on4. Be patient, please. Mr. Wang will

27、arrive _.A. in an instant B. in instant C. after an instant D. after instant5. The desert is moving south and _ many good fields.A. making up B. speeding up C. swallowing up D. staying up6. It is difficult to imagine his _ the decision without any consideration.A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D.

28、 accepted7. English is understood all over the world _ Turkish(土耳其语) is spoken by only a few people outside Turkey itself.A. while B. when C. as D. since8. Now I find the problem _.A. easy to work out B. easily to work it outC. to work out easily D. is easy to be worked out9. Your ceiling requires _

29、.Yes, Ill have some workers _ it.A. mending: to mend B. mending: mendC. to mend: mend D. to be mended: to mend10. I wonder if I could use your telephone._.A. I wonder how B. I dont wonderC. Sorry, its out of order D. No wonder, here it is巩固提高一、.将下列句子改成用过去分词作定语或状语的句子。1. We have been told to read the

30、book. It was written by a news reporter._2. Prices of daily goods which are bought through a computer can be lower than store prices._3. Because it was done in a hurry，his homework was full of mistakes._4. If the trees were given more water，they could grow much better._5. When it is seen from the to

31、p of the hill, Chongqing looks very beautiful at night._二、短文改错Last summer I go to America and studied at a language school. I had many wonderful experience, but I also had a sad one. One day, the school held party, where I invited to talk about Tianjin. After that they asked me a lot of things about

32、 China. But I couldnt explain them with English clearly. I felt sadly. I learnt a lesson from this experience. I have already studied English for eight years, I cant use it very good. I must work hard to improve my spoken English so that I will not be able to communicate freely with foreigners. I ho

33、pe I can be a bridge between China and others countries in the future.一、单项填空1. _from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see2. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if_ regularly, can improve our health.A. bein

34、g carried out B. carrying outC. carried out D. to carry out3. Though _to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.A. surprising B. was surprisedC. surprised D. being surprised4. _ not to miss the flight at 1520, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.A. Reminding B. RemindedC. To remind

35、D. Having reminded5. _ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A. Being encouraged B. EncouragingC. Encouraged D. Having encouraged6. _ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.A. Being bitten B. BittenC. Having bitten D. To

36、 be bitten7. With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.A. affect B. affectingC. affected D. were affected8. It is one of the funniest things _ on the Internet so far this year.A. finding B. being foundC. to find D. found9. Linda worked for the Minnesota Ma

37、nufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowing B. knownC. being known D. to be known 10. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _that all children like these things.A. thought B. to thinkC. think D. thinking11. Most of the people _ to the English party were my classm

38、ates.A. invited B. to inviteC. being invited D. inviting12. _in a friendly way, their fierce quarrel finally came to an end.A. Settled B. SettlingC. Being settled D. Having settled13. Dont sit there _nothing.Come and help me with this table.A. do B. to doC. doing D. and doing14. Once lost, _.A. it i

39、s difficult to get such a chance againB. one can never get such a chanceC. such a chance will never come againD. to get such a chance will be difficult15. _mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted all his life to helping the deaf.A. RememberingB. Having rememberedC. R

40、ememberedD. To remember_一、单项填空1. Catching _ sight of their head teacher coming, the students fell silence in _ flash.A. the; the B. /; a C. the; / D. /; /2. If you want to slow down, you must _ harder on the brakes.A. take B. press C. sweep D. carry3. Health problems are closely connected with bad e

41、ating habits and a _ of exercise.A. limit B. lack C. need D. demand4. Many countries are faced with the problem about how to _ economic development.A. take up B. speed up C. get up D. stay up5. I must _ your promise _ you wont be late again.A. remind you for; why B. remind you to; in whichC. remind

42、you of; that D. remind you; which6. Can you lend me your book on scientific achievements?You are not _ to get this book from me, because I will read it soon.A. possible B. likely C. perhaps D. probable7. Dont worry. Theres still time _ a newspaper before the bus leaves.A. left to buy B. leaving to b

43、uy C. left buying D. leaving buy8. _ I understand what you say, I dont agree with you.A. When B. While C. As D. If9. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken10. This is the building _ during the Qing Dynasty.A. built B

44、. to be built C. building D. being built11. _ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven12. _ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed13. Everything _, we we

45、nt home happily.A. did B. doing C. to do D. done14. _, crying.A. Came in Jacks wife B. In came Jacks wifeC. Came in she D. In came she15. In this seaside resort, you can _ all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism.A. enjoy B. apply C. receive D. achieve16. We fell in love with the cottage_.A

46、. at first sight B. at the first sight C. in sight D. out of sight17. As we all know, it is impolite to read others_ letters without their permission.A. selfish B. published C. private D. public18. The audience _before TV sets are listening to Yi Zhongtians stories with their eyes _upon him.A. seati

47、ng; fixing B. seated; fixing C. seated; fixed D. seating; fixed19. What about the student in your class, Mr.Wang?The doctor said that _sleep caused him poor memory and poor concentration.A. lacking of B. lacked in C. lacking D. lack for20. Thousands of houses fell down in the earthquake. It seemed t

48、hat everything happened_.A. in a while B. in a hurry C. in a mess D. in a flash二、翻译句子1. 许多最新发明正在展览会上展出。(uptodate)_2. 又给了一次机会，那个激动的男孩高兴得跳了起来。(过去分词作状语)_3. 一出火车站，火车就开始加速。(speed up)_4. 我一进教室，铃就响了。(the instant)_5. 我对他的所作所为不满意。(what)_三、完形填空I was working as a consultant(顾问) in a beer company, _21_the presi

49、dent and senior vicepresidents create and put into their new strategic(战略的) vision. It was an_22_challenge.At the same time, my _23_was in the final stages of cancer.I worked during_24_and drove 40 miles home to be with her every night. It was_25_and stressful, but it was_26_I wanted to do. My duty

50、was to continue to do excellent consulting during the day, _27_my evenings were very hard. I didnt mean_28_the president with my situation, _29_I felt someone at the company needed to know what was going on. So I told the vicepresident of Human Resources, asking him not to_30_the information with an

51、yone.A few days_31_, the president called me into his office. I figured he wanted to talk to me about one of the many issues we were_32_.When I entered, he_33_me to sit down. He faced me from across his large desk, looked me in_34_eyes and said, “I hear your mother is very_35_.” I was _36_caught by

52、surprise and burst into tears. He just_37_at me, let my crying subside (平息), and then gently said a sentence I will_38_forget: “Whatever you need.”That was_39_.His understanding and his willingness to let me be in my pain and to offer me_40_were qualities of compassion (同情) that I carry with me to t

53、his day.1. A. helpedB. helpingC. to helpD. help2. A. enormousB. easyC. emptyD. exciting3. A. motherB. fatherC. daughterD. grandmother4. A. the nightB. the morning C. the dayD. the noon5. A. tiredB. tiringC. to tireD. tiresome6. A. thatB. howC. whichD. what7. A. even throughB. as if C. even thoughD.

54、as though8. A. botheringB. to botherC. botheredD. to be bothered9. A. yetB. andC. howeverD. so10. A. tellB. sayC. shareD. give11. A. beforeB. lateC. laterD. ago12. A. working atB. working for C. working outD. working on13. A. madeB. letC. askedD. had14. A. myB. hisC. theD. her15. A. wellB. fineC. wo

55、rseD. ill16. A. totalB. in totalC. totallyD. total up17. A. staredB. glaredC. lookedD. glanced18. A. everB. neverC. seldomD. usually19. A. thisB. himC. thatD. it20. A. nothingB. somethingC. everythingD. anything四、阅读理解AMy house is made out of wood, glass and stone. It is also made out of software.If

56、you come to visit, youll probably be surprised when you come in. Someone will give you an electronic PIN(个人身份号码) to wear. This PIN tells the house who and where you are. The house uses this information to give you what you need. When its dark outside, the PIN turns on the lights nearest to you, and

57、then turns them off as you walk away from them. Music moves with you too. If the house knows your favorite music, it plays it. The music seems to be everywhere, but in fact other people in the house hear different music or no music. If you get a telephone call, only the nearest telephone rings.Of co

58、urse, you are also able to tell the house if you want something. There is a home control console(控制台), a small machine that turns things on and off around you.The PIN and the console are new ideas, but they are in fact like many things we have today. If you want to go to a movie, you need a ticket.

59、If I give you my car keys, you can use my car. The car works for you because you have the keys. My house works for you because you wear the PIN or hold the console.I believe that ten years from now, most new homes will have the systems that Ive put in my house. The systems will probably be even bigg

60、er and better than the ones Ive put in today.I like to try new ideas. I know that some of my ideas will work better than others. But I hope that one day I will stop thinking of these systems as new, and ask myself instead, “How will I live without them?”1. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. How

61、 to develop a new system.B. The function of the PIN.C. A home for the future.D. Easy life in the future.2. This PIN tells the house _.A. what you needB. who and where you areC. where the lights nearest you areD. how you wear clothes3. The writers new house is different from ordinary ones mainly beca

62、use _.A. it has been controlled by computersB. you can make a telephone call anywhereC. it has your favorite music following youD. the writer is able to change his new idea into practice4. What is the writer most likely to be according to the passage?A. An IT expert.B. A famous doctor.C. An idealist

63、.D. An experienced teacher.B“Ive changed my mind. I wanted to have a telescope, but now I want my daddy back.” Lucien Lawrences letter to Father Christmas written after his schoolteacher father had been knifed to death outside his school gate must have touched every heart. Lucien went on to say that

64、 without his father he couldnt see the stars in the sky. When those whom we love depart from us, we cannot see the stars for a while.But Lucien, the stars are still there, and one day, when you are older and your tears have gone, you will see them again. And, in a strange way, I expect that you will

65、 find your father is there too, in your mind and in your heart. I find that my parents, long dead now, still figure in many of my dreams and that I think of them perhaps more than I ever did when they were alive. I still live to please them and Im still surprised by their reactions. I remember that

66、when I became a professor, I was so proud, or rather so pleased with myself, that I couldnt wait to cable my parents. The reply was a long time in coming, but when it did, all Mother said was “I hope this means that now you will have more time for the children!” I havent forgotten. The values of my

67、parents still live on.It makes me pause and think about how I will live on in the hearts and minds of my children and of those for whom I care. Would I have been as ready as Philip Lawrence has been to face the aggressors(挑衅者), and to lay down my life for those in my care? How many people would want

68、 me back for Christmas? Its a serious thought, one to give me pause.I pray silently, sometimes in the dead of night, that ancient cry of a poet “Deliver my soul from the sword (剑), and my darling from the power of the dog.” Yet I know that death comes to us all，and sometimes comes suddenly. We must

69、therefore plan not to live forever，but live as if we will die tomorrow. We live on, Im sure, in the lives of those we loved, and therefore we ought to have a care for what they will remember and what they will treasure. If more parents knew this in their hearts to be true, there might be fewer knive

70、s on our streets today.1. According to the whole text we can see that the first paragraph_.A. puts forward the subject of the textB. shows the authors pity on the kidC. acts as an introduction to the discussionD. makes a clear statement of the authors views2. In the second paragraph the author mainl

71、y wants to explain to us_.A. how much he misses his parents nowB. why his parents often appear in his dreamC. when Lucien will get over all his sadnessD. how proud he was when he succeeded in life3. What feeling did the authors mother express in her reply?A. Proud. B. Happy. C. Disappointed. D. Worr

72、ied.4. What does the writer mean by the sentence taken from an old poem in the last paragraph?A. Call on criminals and murderers to lay down their guns.B. Advise parents to stay with their children safely at home.C. Spend every day meaningfully in memory of the death.D. Try to keep violence and murder far away from society.五、书面表达根据以下表格内容, 以“Our Future Life”为题, 展开合理想象, 用英语写一篇100120词的文章。居住地海底城市受教育方式在家，用电视或广播家务活机器人承担购物在家，用可视电话(videophone)交通工具飞行车(flying car)度假胜地月球、火星_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _