初中英语八年级下册Unit 2词汇句型精讲.docx

1、初中英语八年级下册Unit 2词汇句型精讲词汇精讲1. clean upclean up意为“打扫”，up为副词，此短语是动副型短语，如果宾语为代词，应放在短语中间；如果宾语是名词，可放于短语之间或两词之后。例如： Please clean up this street at once. 请马上把这条街打扫干净。 This street is dirty. Please clean it up. 这条街道太脏了，请把它打扫干净。2. cheer upcheer up意为“变得高兴，振奋起来”，是“动词+副词”结构的短语。cheer up既可作及物动词短语，也可作不及物动词短语。例如： He c

2、heered up at once when I agreed to help him. 我同意帮助他时，他马上高兴起来。 Cheer up! The news isnt too bad. 振作起来！这消息不是太坏。 He took her to the cinema to cheer her up. 为了让她高兴，他带她去了电影院。【拓展】(1) cheer作不及物动词，意为“欢呼；喝彩”。例如： The girls cheered as the famous singer arrived. 当这位著名的歌手到达时，女孩子们大声欢呼。(2) cheer作及物动词，意为“为欢呼，高呼”。例如：

3、 The whole village turned out to cheer the hero. 全村人都出来向那位英雄欢呼。(3) cheer作可数名词，意为“欢呼声；喝彩声”。例如： We can hear the cheers of students outside the gym. 我们在体育场外就能听到学生的欢呼声。(4) cheer on意为“为加油”。例如： We will have a basketball game this afternoon. Would you like to come and cheer us on? 我们今天下午有一场篮球比赛，你愿意来为我们加油吗？

4、3. give out give out意为“散发；分发”，相当于hand out，是“动词 + 副词”结构的短语动词。例如： Can you give the drinks out, please? 请你分发一下饮料好吗？【拓展】give out的不同含义： (1) give out表示“发出（光、热、声音、气味等）。”例如： The sun gives out light and heat to the earth. 太阳给大地光和热。 (2) give out表示“用完；耗尽”。例如： Our food supplies began to give out. 我们存的粮食要吃完了。4.

5、put off put off意为“推迟”，是“动词 + 副词”结构的短语动词，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。例如： They put off the match because of the heavy rain. 因为大雨他们推迟了比赛。 Please dont put off doing your homework. 请你们不要拖延做作业。 Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 今天的事不要拖到明天办。【拓展】由put构成的常用短语有： put away将收起来 put on穿上；上演 put down放下，记下 put

6、 out熄灭；伸出 put back放回原处 put up张贴；搭建5. noticenotice在课文中作可数名词，意为“公告牌；布告”。例如： There is a notice on the wall, saying “No Parking”.墙上的告示上写着“禁止停车”。 Ill put up a notice about the meeting. 我将会贴一张会议通告。【拓展】(1) notice作不可数名词，意为“注意”。例如： Take notice of what they say. 注意听他们说。(2) notice作动词，意为“注意到，留心，看到”。例如： Did you

7、notice Jack come in? 你注意到杰克进来了吗？ Did you notice his hand shaking? 你注意到他的手在抖吗？6. lonelylonely表示“寂寞的，孤寂的”，带有较强感情色彩，可用作表语或定语；表示“荒凉的，偏僻的”，用来说明地方，多用作定语。 When his wife died, he was very lonely. 太太死后他非常孤独。 The old man lived in the lonely mountain village. 那个老人住在荒凉的山村。【拓展】lonely与alone的辨析：lonely作形容词，意为“（人）孤单

8、的，寂寞的”，它更强调一种主观的感觉；alone作形容词和副词，意为“独自的（地），单独的（地）”，它更强调一种客观情况。alone作形容词，在句中只用作表语。例如： Dont leave me alone. I will feel lonely. 别留下我一个人，我会觉得孤单的。7. raiseraise是及物动词，意为“筹集”。常用短语：raise sth. for sb./ sth.意为“为某人/物 而筹集”。例如： We raise money for Hope Project. 我们为希望工程筹钱。【拓展】 (1) raise作及物动词，意为“提升，举起，升起”。例如： raise

9、ones hand举手 raise ones glasses to sb. 举杯祝福某人 raise prices涨价(2) raise作及物动词，还可意为“种植；饲养；培养；抚养”。例如： Their family raised much corn. 他们家种了很多玉米。8. repairrepair是及物动词，意为“修理；修补；修缮（房屋等）”。例如： He repairs old furniture. 他修理旧家具。【拓展】repair, mend与fix的辨析repair比fix或mend正式，常用来表示修补破损或有洞的东西。Mary repaired the radio just f

10、or the fun of it. 玛丽修理收音机只是围栏消遣。mend着重指修补衣服上的洞，道路，屋顶或围栏等。My mother mended clothes for me yesterday. 昨天我妈妈为我缝补衣服。fix侧重于“安装”，有时也可用作“修理”，常用来指修理机器、车辆等。The workers are fixing the machine. 工人们在安装机器。9. imagineimagine是动词，意为“想象，推测”，后面可接名词、代词、宾语从句、复合宾语，常用于结构：imagine doing sth. 想象做某事。例如： We cant imagine whatCh

11、inawill be like in the future. 我们无法想象将来中国是什么样子。 I cant imagine leaving all my friends. 我无法想象离开我所有的朋友。 No one can imagine what would happen next. 没有人能想象出下一步会发生什么。练一练：I. 英汉互译。1. 打扫干净_ 2. cheer up_3. used to do sth. _ 4. make a difference _5. come up with _ _ 6. 用光，用完_7. put off_ 9. give up _ 10. 张贴_II

12、. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。1. The old man lived a_ after his wife died. He felt very lonely.2. My younger sister looks very sad. Lets go and c_ her up.3. My uncle has a large house and he is the o_ of the house.4. They held a concert to r_ money for Project Hope.5. She wants to he a _(志愿者).6. There are _

13、(几个) girls in the room. They are talking about the vacation plans.7. They have a strong feeling of _(满足).8. My alarm clock doesnt work. Who can help me r_ it? You can ask Tony for help.9. Please o_ the window and let the fresh air in.10. I cant _(想象) what the future life is like.III. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空

14、。1. Staying with animals often gives me a _(feel) of fear.2. Tom is the _(own) of the car. He has had it for two months.3. He smiled in _(satisfied) when he won the game.4. The players are in _(train) for the next flight.5. Everybody felt _(excite) when they heard of the good news.6. She had _(diffi

15、cult) finding the way to the museum.7. Everybody should try to help the _(disable).8. I will never forget your _(kind).参考答案I. 英汉互译。1. clean up 2. 变得高兴；振奋起来 3. 过去常常做某事 4. 影响；有作用5. 想出 6. run out of 7. 推迟 8. help sb. (to) do sth. 9. 放弃 10. put upII. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。1. alone 2. cheer 3. owner 4. rai

16、se 5. volunteer 6. several 7. satisfaction 8. repair 9. open 10. imagineIII. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. feeling 2. owner 3. satisfaction 4. training 5. excited 6. difficulty 7. disabled 8. kindness句型精讲1. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.used to do sth.是一个固定结构，意思是“过去经常做某事”，后面用动词原

17、形，表示过去的某种经常性、习惯性的行为或者动作，并意味着这种动作目前已经不存在。肯定句：I used to play with my friends after school. 过去放学后我常常和朋友们一起玩。否定句：You didnt use to like pop songs.=You usednt to like pop songs.你过去不喜欢流行歌曲。一般疑问句：Did your sister use to be quiet? = Used your sister to be quiet?你的妹妹过去常常是很安静吗？there be句式：There used to be a lot

18、of fishes in this river. 过去这条小河常常有许多鱼。【拓展】(1) be used to do something意思是“被用来做某事”，是动词短语use to do的被动语态结构。例如：Knives are used to cut things.小刀是用来切东西的。(2) be used to doing something意思是“习惯于做某事”，to后接动词-ing形式。例如：My father is used to living in the village. 我爸爸习惯于住在小山村。2. I take after my mother.take after意为“像

19、；与相像”，指由于血缘关系而（在外貌、性格等方面）相似；相当于be similar to，其中after是介词，其后常接名词或代词。例如：Your daughter doesnt take after you at all. 你女儿长得一点都不像你。【拓展】(1) look like意为“看上去像”，多指外貌。例如： You look like my brother. 你和我弟弟长得像。(2) be like意为“像”，可指外貌，也可指性格。例如： What is your sister like? 你妹妹的性格怎么样？3. Ive run out of it.(1) run out of意为

20、“用完，用尽”，相当于use up。例如： We have run out of paper.我们的纸用完了。(2) run out“用完了”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为表示“时间、食物、金钱等”词；而run out of意为“用完了”，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，主语一般是人。例如： Youd better go home before your money runs out. 你最好别等钱花光再回家。 We ran out of coal, and had to burn wood. 我们的煤用光了，只好烧柴。4. Lucky makes a big difference to my

21、 life.make a difference to 意为“（对）产生影响”。difference前面可加修饰词，如big, great等；to是介词，其后可接名词、代词或动名词。例如： Education can make a big difference to the quality of a persons life. 教育对一个人的生活质量有很大影响。 The accident has made a great difference to his life. 这次事故对他的人生产生了重大影响。 One false step will make a great difference. 失

22、之毫厘，谬以千里。【拓展】make no difference to意为“对没有影响”。例如： It makes no difference to me. 这对我没什么影响。5. I was excited about the idea of having a dog. be excited about意为“对感到兴奋、激动”。例如： I was excited about going to the zoo. 去动物园令我兴奋。【拓展】 be excited to do sth. 意为“对做某事感到兴奋”。例如： Jack was excited to travel there by plan

23、e. 杰克对于乘飞机去那里旅行感到很兴奋。句式精练I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。1. 你可以帮助打扫城市公园。 You _ _ _ clean up the city parks.2. 我希望你的梦想能够实现。 I hope your dream can _ _.3. 谢谢你帮我做家务。 _ _ _ _ me with housework.4. Lily说她有能力自己完成这项工作。 Lily said that she _ _ _ finish the work by herself.5. 我的观点和你的相似。 My opinions are _ _ yours.6. 那位教授

24、对我的生活产生了影响。 The professor _ _ _ to my life.7. 我们得尽力使他振作起来。 We should try to _ _ _.8. 你认为他会把钱花光吗？ Do you think that he will _ _ _ all the money?II. 根据要求完成下列各题。1. He used to live in Beijing. (改为一般疑问句) _ he _ _ live in Beijing?2. They made a decision to travel abroad. (改为同义句) They _ _ travel abroad.3.

25、I hope I can pass the exam. (改为同义句) I _ _ _ the exam.4. could, help, clean, you, city, up, parks, to, the(连词成句)_5. He doesnt know when he should go there. (改为同义句) He doesnt know _ _ go there.6. The writer became famous when he was twenty-four years old. The writer became famous _ _ _ of twenty-four.

26、7. Please tell me how I can use the camera. (改为同义句) Please tell me _ _ _ the camera.8. Can you care for my pet while I am away?Can you _ _ _ my pet while I am away?III. 补全对话。A: Hey, Frank, 1._?B: Pretty good.A: Did you have fun last weekend?B: 2. _. I went to the old peoples house with my friends an

27、d have a good timeA: Wow, What did you do there?B: We helped the old clean their houses and chatted with them. How about you?A: I just read a science magazine.B: Oh, really? 3. _?A: Hum it is about the main cause of smog (雾霭) and ways to beat it.B：Great! But 4 ?A: We can live a greener life by using

28、 cleaner energy to solve the problem, I think. B: You do?A: Yes, natural gas is a good choice. By the way，5. _?B: Its 7:45 now.A: Oh, God. Hurry up or well be late.B: OK.参考答案I. 根据汉语提示，完成英语句子（每空一词）。1. can/could help to 2. come true 3. Thank you for helping 4. was able to 5. similar to 6. make a diffe

29、rence 7. cheer him up 8. run out ofII. 根据要求完成下列各题。1. Did; use to 2. decided to 3. hope to pass 4. Could you help to clean up the city parks?5. when to 6. at the age 7. how to use 8. take care ofIII. 补全对话。1. How is it going?2. Yes, we did.3. What is it about?4. How to live a greener life? / How can we live a greener life?5. What time is it now? / Whats the time now?