备考2024届高考英语一轮复习课时提能 第一部分 过透教材 Unit 4 Space Exploration 新人教版必修第三册.docx

1、Unit 4 Space Exploration一、阅读理解A素材创新/During space missions， astronauts can experience a loss of some of the inner structural support in their bones， reducing the density（密度） of them. For trips in space lasting at least 6 months， the bone loss is equal to about 20 years of aging. Fortunately， a new st

2、udy finds a year back on earth rebuilds about half of strength lost in the affected bones.Our bones are always remodeling（重塑）， notes exercise scientist Leigh Gabel. But theyll lose some of their strength when in space.Gabel was part of a team that tracked 17 astronauts. Each of these 14 men and 3 wo

3、men had spent from 4 to 7 months in space. The team measured the 3-D structure of their bones. They focused on the structure of the tibia（胫骨） in the lower leg and the lower-arm bone. The researchers took images of the bones 4 times before spaceflight， then when the astronauts returned from space， an

4、d again six months and one year later. From the pictures， they got to know an astronauts bone strength and density at each of those times. Astronauts in space for less than six months recovered their preflight bone strength after a year back on earth. But those who stayed in space longer suffered pe

5、rmanent bone loss in their tibias. That loss was equal to a decade of aging. The lower-arm bones showed almost no loss. That was likely because these arent weight-bearing bones on earth， Gabel explains. In fact， those arms can get a bigger workout in space than on earth as astronauts use them to mov

6、e around their craft by pushing off handles and doorways. Increasing weight-lifting exercises in space could help reduce bone loss in legs， says exercise scientist Steven Boyd. With longer spaceflight， we can expect bigger bone loss and probably a bigger problem with recovery， says physiologist Laur

7、ence Vico. Space agencies should also consider other bone heath measures to reduce bone loss and increase bone formation.身处太空中的宇航员会出现骨质流失的情况，而且他们在太空中待的时间越长，这种情况会越严重。如果待的时间少于6个月的话，返回地球一年后，骨骼强度会恢复到进入太空前的状态；时间超过6个月的话，骨质流失将会是永久性的。1. What may the author think of the new studys discovery？A. It shows bone

8、loss in space can be ignored.B. Its really beyond the researchers expectations.C. It shows people on earth dont suffer bone loss. D. Its probably good news for astronauts back from space.解析D细节理解题。由第一段中的Fortunately， a new study finds a year back on earth rebuilds about half of strength lost in the af

9、fected bones可知，研究的发现对于从太空归来的宇航员来说理应是好消息，故本题选D。2. What does Para. 3 mainly talk about？A. The focus of the researchers study. B. How Gabels team carried out their research. C. Why the researchers took pictures four times.D. Changes of the astronauts bone strength and density. 解析B段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段主要讲述的是

10、Gabel的团队如何开展他们的研究，故本题选B。3. What does the underlined word in Para. 4 probably mean？A. Regular.B. Limited.C. Everlasting.D. Typical.解析C词义猜测题。结合第四段中的Astronauts in space for less than six months recovered their preflight bone strength after a year back on earth、画线词所在句中的关键词But以及最后一段中的With longer spacefli

11、ght， we can expect bigger bone loss and probably a bigger problem with recovery不难推知，permanent应该与recovered在意义上相对立，再结合四个选项可知，在太空中待的时间更长的宇航员的胫骨遭受的骨质流失应该是永久性的，故本题选C。4. Which of the following statements may Boyd agree with？A. A spaceflight less than half a year does no harm to astronauts.B. Astronauts ca

12、n avoid bone loss through doing enough exercise.C. Spaceflight should be limited as much as possible for astronauts safety.D. Using some exercise devices for legs may help the astronauts in space.解析D细节理解题。由倒数第二段中Boyd的话Increasing weight-lifting exercises in space could help reduce bone loss in legs可知

13、，本题选D。B科技创新/2024四川绵阳零诊Nuclear bombs. Thats the go-to answer for incoming space objects like asteroids（小行星） and comets as far as Hollywood is concerned. Movies like DeepImpact and Armageddon rely on nuclear weapons， delivered by stars like Bruce Willis， to save the world and deliver the drama.But pla

14、netary defense experts say in reality， if astronomers spotted a dangerous in-coming space rock， the safest and best answer might be something more subtle， like simply pushing it off course by crashing it with a small spacecraft.Thats just what NASA did on Monday evening， when a spacecraft headed str

15、aight into an asteroid called Dimorphos， which is around 7 million miles away and poses no threat to Earth. Its about 525 feet across and orbits another larger asteroid.In images streamed（传输） as the crash neared， the egg-shaped asteroid grew in size from a little spot on screen to have its full rock

16、y surface come quickly into focus before the signal went dead as the craft hit right on target.Events happened exactly as engineers had planned， they said， with nothing going wrong. As far as we can tell， our first planetary defense test was a success， said Elena Adams， the mission systems engineer，

17、 who added that scientists looked on with both terror and joy as the spacecraft neared its final destination.The crash was the peak of NASAs Double Asteroid Redirection Test （DART）， a 7-year and more than $300 million effort which launched a space vehicle in November of 2021 to perform humanitys fir

18、st-ever test of planetary defense technology. It will be about two months， scientists said， before they will be able to determine if the crash was enough to drive the asteroid slightly off course， probably shortening its original orbit.NASA plans to launch an asteroid-hunting space telescope named N

19、EO Surveyor in 2026. Weve tracked lots of space rocks， especially the larger ones that could cause extinction-level events. Thankfully， none currently threatens Earth. But many asteroids the size of Dimorphos havent yet been discovered， and those could potentially take out a city if they came crashi

20、ng down， explains Lindley Johnson， NASAs Planetary Defense Officer.文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的行星防御专家实施行星防御测试，利用小型航天器撞击一块即将到来的危险太空岩石，使太空岩石偏离轨道的事情。1. Why does the author mention the movies？A. To make a prediction.B. To introduce the topic.C. To provide a possibility.D. To make a comparison.解析B推理判断题。由第一段中的

21、Movies like DeepImpact and Armageddon rely on nuclear weapons， delivered by stars like Bruce Willis， to save the world and deliver the drama和第二段But planetary defense experts say in reality， if astronomers spotted a dangerous in-coming space rock， the safest and best answer might be something more su

22、btle， like simply pushing it off course by crashing it with a small spacecraft可推知，作者提到电影是为了引出下文用小型航天器撞击危险的太空岩石，介绍文章的话题，故选B。2. What can we infer from the passage？A. NASA pushed Dimorphos by crashing.B. The 7-year program has drawn a conclusion.C. NEO Surveyor has tracked lots of space rocks.D. Dimorp

23、hos could cause extinction-level events.解析A推理判断题。由第二段But planetary defense experts say in reality， if astronomers spotted a dangerous in-coming space rock， the safest and best answer might be something more subtle， like simply pushing it off course by crashing it with a small spacecraft和第三段中的Thats j

24、ust what NASA did on Monday evening， when a spacecraft headed straight into an asteroid called Dimorphos可推知，本题选A。3. Which statement does Lindley Johnson most possibly agree with？A. Larger asteroids will not be a threat to Earth.B. NASA should shoulder the responsibility for the crash.C. Asteroids li

25、ke Dimorphos are more destructive than other larger ones.D. NEO Surveyor is expected to discover asteroids the size of Dimorphos.解析D推理判断题。由最后一段中的NASA plans to launch an asteroid-hunting space telescope named NEO Surveyor in 2026和Lindley Johnson的话But many asteroids the size of Dimorphos havent yet be

26、en discovered， and those could potentially take out a city if they came crashing down可推知，计划发射NEO Surveyor是为了发现像Dimorphos这样大小的小行星，从而帮助人类及时规避风险，Lindley Johnson作为美国国家航空航天局的行星防御官会同意这一观点，故选D。4. What is the best title for the passage？A. The impact of planetary defense technologyB. A threat to Earth from a

27、steroidsC. The contribution to space safetyD. An intentional crash in space解析D标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局的行星防御专家实施行星防御测试，利用小型航天器撞击一块即将到来的危险太空岩石，使太空岩石偏离轨道的事情。由此可知，D项最能概括文章大意，适合做文章标题。二、完形填空Katya Echazarreta， 26， made history when she became the first Mexican-born woman to travel into space. Its been

28、 my lifes goal to get into the space 1 and reach space， she said.Born in Mexico， Katya moved with her family to San Diego at 7. At that young age， she asked her mother，What do you think is the most 2 thing somebody can do？ Her mother 3， For you， I think maybe being a（n）4.At that time， Katya 5 to som

29、eday meet that challenge and travel to space.As a child， she would look up to the stars and believe she would someday reach them. She worked so hard in order to make that big 6 come true.When her parents marriage came to an end， she helped 7 her younger brothers and sisters and started a job at McDo

30、nalds. Though she had to work long hours， she never lost sight of her dream.After college， she accepted an internship（实习） at NASA， achieving her first 8 of working in the space industry. She did a great job and was 9 a full-time job later.In 2019， Katya heard of a 10 opportunity offered by Space for

31、 Humanity. The organization looked for applications for its first Citizen Astronaut program， which would 11 one person to join a six-person space flight as part of a June 2022 mission. 12， Katya was chosen from thousands of people.One of the most 13 things of this was getting to tell my mom， Katya s

32、hared. She always thinks it was her mothers 14 that kept her working hard and dreaming big. The 15 in space was absolutely wonderful， Katya added. And I finally achieved my lifelong dream.本文为记叙文，主要讲述了Katya Echazarreta实现飞向太空的梦想的故事。1. A. wishB. informationC. industryD. organization 解析C投身太空行业（industry）

33、和抵达太空一直是我的目标。2. A. officialB. popularC. formalD.challenging解析D你认为一个人所能做的最有挑战的（challenging）事情是什么？challenging与第5空所在句中的meet that challenge相吻合。3. A. repliedB. shoutedC. explainedD. ordered解析A结合上文的问题可知，此处说的应该是母亲回答说，故用replied。4. A. engineerB. scientistC. reporterD. astronaut解析D结合下文内容可知，空格所填词表示的应是航天员，故选D。5

34、. A. stoppedB. refusedC. agreedD. determined解析D此处说的是那时，Katya决定（determined）将来迎接挑战，飞向太空。6.A. imaginationB.dreamC. difficultyD. difference解析B此处说的是为了让远大的梦想（dream）变成现实，她学习非常努力，故选B。7. A. care forB. turn aroundC. pick outD. prepare for解析A此处说的是Katya帮忙照看（care for）年幼的弟弟和妹妹，故选A。8.A. discussionB. responsibility

35、C. missionD. education解析C此处说的是完成她的第一个任务（mission）进入太空行业工作，故选C。9.A. offeredB. lentC. preventedD. advised解析AKatya表现突出，之后获得了全职工作。offer在此表示给予，提供。10.A. seriousB. basicC. preciousD.various解析C此处指Katya获悉了一个宝贵的（precious）机会，故选C。11.A. warnB.allowC. inviteD. cause解析B此处说的是该计划可以允许一个人加入一个六人的航空之旅。allow sb. to do sth

36、. 允许某人做某事。12.A. LuckilyB. SuddenlyC. ProbablyD. Generally解析A幸运的是（Luckily），Katya从数千人中脱颖而出。13.A. popularB. beautifulC. carefulD. surprising 解析B此处说的是这一切之中最美好的（beautiful）事情之一是得以告诉妈妈，故选B。14.A. doubtB. successC. worryD. support解析D她一直认为是妈妈的支持（support）让她努力工作和心怀远大梦想，故选D。15.A. experienceB. celebrationC. chall

37、engeD. imagination解析A所填词指的应该是飞入太空的这一经历（experience），故选A。三、语法填空2023江西南昌一模A small device， MOXIE， has produced oxygen on the surface of Mars，1（bring） the chances of surviving on the red planet a step closer. Research published in 2 journal ScienceAdvances reported that MOXIE produced breathable oxygen i

38、n seven-hour-long tests conducted in various weather and atmospheric（大气的） conditions last year. The research also found that even in extreme 3（temperature） and after a Martian dust storm， MOXIE 4（continue） to produce high-purity oxygen.This is the first demonstration of actually using resources on t

39、he surface of Mars and transforming 5（they） chemically into something useful for a human mission， Jeffrey Hoffman， a 6（retire） astronaut， said.The thin atmosphere on Mars is 96 percent carbon dioxide and much more7（change） than that on Earth and the temperature can vary by 100 degrees， Hoffman said.

40、 One aim is to show we can run MOXIE in all seasons.The device， MOXIE， uses some special pumps，8 suck in carbon dioxide. The gas 9（heat） to 800 and pressed to separate the carbon and oxygen. Carbon monoxide is sent out as waste while the pure oxygen is left behind.Despite the challenges， MOXIE has p

41、roved durable in the extreme conditions on Mars and scientists regard the test results 10 a great achievement.本文主要讲述了一个小设备MOXIE在火星表面合成了氧气这一事件。这是人类首次利用火星表面的资源并将其转化为对人类任务有用的东西。1.bringing考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是has produced，空处所填词为非谓语动词；结合语境可知，此处应用现在分词形式表示自然而然的结果，且此处表示主动关系，所以空处填bringing。2.the考查冠词。分析语境可

42、知，此处表示特指，所以空处填定冠词the。3.temperatures考查名词的数。由空前的extreme可知，空处应用名词，此处表示各种极端温度，所以空处填名词复数temperatures。4.continued考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在句中作宾语从句的谓语。结合主句的谓语found可知，此处时态也用一般过去时；主语MOXIE与continue之间是主动关系，所以空处填continued。5.them考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词作transforming的宾语，应用宾格形式，所以空处填them。6.retired考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词修饰

43、空后的名词astronaut，应用形容词，所以空处填retired（已退休的）。7.changeable考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在句中作表语，表示事物的特征，应用形容词，所以空处填changeable。8.which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以空处填which。9.is heated考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在句中作谓语。结合语境可知，时态用一般现在时；主语The gas与heat之间是被动关系；主语The gas表第三人称单数概念，所以空处填is heated。10.as考查介词。此处考查固定表达regard.as.（把看作）。