2012届高考英语二轮复习语法专题（3）简单句.ppt

1、一、英语的句子按结构来分可分为简单句、并列句和复合句三种句型2.并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词而连接在一起构成的.常用的并列连词有:and,but,or等,不常用的并列连词有while,eitheror,neithernor,bothand等.Hurry up,or you will be late.In spring,trees turn green and flowers come out.Not only the young like the film but(also)the old enjoy seeing it.1.简单句：是一个只包含一个主语和谓语的句子。其中主语可

2、以由两个或多个名词或代词组成，谓语可以由两个或多个动词组成，主语和谓语也可以同时由两个或多个成分组成He plays basketball.He is my friend.They found their room cleaned by someone.My teacher gave me a book.简单句复合句 是由一个主句和一个或几个从句构成的。主句是全句的主体，可以独立成句，从句只充当主句的一个成分根据从句在句中不同的作用从句可分为名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句。I suggest that they should stay here.(名词性从句)A doctor is a per

3、son who looks after pepoles health.We didnt go to bed until we finished our homework.(定语从句)(状语从句)简单句复合句并列句复合句简单句复合句并列句复合句Exercises:判断下列句子类型。（简单句，并列句，复合句）1.She is talking.2.Great changes have taken place in this area since I left.3.Either you or I fetch the chalk.4.He said he had never been to Tibet

4、before.5.He regretted doing such a silly thing.6.Who is the old man that is reading the newspaper over there?7.My mum was cooking while I was doing my homework.8.The monkey was so lucky that it just missed being caught.英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组

5、合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：+（主谓）基本句型二：+（主系表）基本句型三：+（主谓宾）基本句型四：+IO+D（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：+（主谓宾宾补）基本句型一+（主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。（不及物动词）1.Time 2.The moon 3.The man4.We all 5.Everybody 6.I 7.They 8.He 9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,and drink

6、.laughed?woke.talked for half an hour.walked yesterday is playinghave gone基本句型二+（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be,look,feel,smell,taste,sound等属一类，表示情况；get,grow,become,turn,go等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,rema

7、in,stand（是系动词）(表语)1.This 2.The dinner3.He 4.Everything5.He 6.The book 7.The weather 8.His faceis smells(闻)fell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary.good.happy.different.tall and strong.interesting.warmer.red.基本句型 三+（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类

8、动词叫做及物动词。（实义动词）(宾语)1.Who2.She 3.He 8.He 5.They 6.Danny 7.I 4.He knows laughed at understands made ate likes want said the answer?her.English.cakes.some apples.donuts.to have a cup of tea.Good morning.基本句型 四+IO+D（主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来

9、连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。（及物）（多指人）（多指物）1.She2.She 3.She 8.He 5.I 6.I 7.I 4.Hepassed cooked brought bought showed gave told showedhimher herhusband you her him him mea new dress.a delicious meal.a dictionary.nothing.my pictures.a hand.how to run the machine.that the bus was late.基本句型 五+（主谓宾

10、宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。（及物）（宾语）（宾补）1.We 2.They3.They 4.They5.What 6.We 7.He 8.I keep painted call found makes saw asked sawthe table the door supper the house him him me themclean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.to come back soon.getting on the bus.二Practice:

11、find out the sentence structure1.Jay named his dog Bobby.2.e bought a T-shirt.3.e laughed.4.e gave Jim a present.5.he looks lovely.6.The teacher is marking the tests.7.They consider John the best actor.8.I find the article on star signs interesting.S+V+O+OCS+V+OS+VS+V+IO+DOS+V+P S+V+OS+V+O+OC S+V+O+

12、OC（二）1.They work hard.主+谓 2.The flower is dead.主+系+表 3.Plants need water.主+谓+宾 4.He gives me some seeds.主+谓+直宾+间宾 5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主+谓+宾+宾补 6.Many animals live in trees.主+谓 除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句

13、型五（v+o+o.c）为例：We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an i

14、mportant report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例：Hes getting angry.(S V P)He got through the window.(S V O)Youll get a surprise.(S V O)He got his shoes and socks wet.(S V O C)

15、He got himself into trouble.(S V O C)He got her a splendid present.(S V 0 O)在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。S V O M）I found the book easy.我觉得这本书很容易。（S V O C）I have to do something.我得做点事。I have something to do.我有点事做。Practice:Put all the words in correct order and name the s

16、entence structures.teenagers/have/an/many/unhealthy/diet Many teenagers have an unhealthy diet.makes/weak/your body/unhealthy/diet/An An unhealthy diet makes your body weak.unhappy/are/They They are unhappy.find/difficult/homework/they/theirThey find their homework difficult.S+V+PS+V+DO+OCS+V+DOS+V+

17、DO+OCThey are tired.write/letters/Many/me/teenagersMany teenagers write me letters.cry/some/them/of Some of them cry.tired/they/are Teenagers have many hobbies.hobbies/teenagers/many/haveS+V+DOS+V+PS+V+IO+DOS+V First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century

18、,the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem,and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.（NMET2003.C篇）这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女

19、科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。英语句式考查1.Whom would you rather_ the car?My father.A.have fix B.have to fix C.had fix D.have to be fixed2.Was it 8 oclock _you heard someone_ at the door?A.when;knockingB.when;knockC.that;knockingD.that;knock3.Was it in the room

20、_ Mr.John lived_the exhibition was held?A.that;thatB.where;whereC.that;whereD.where;that4.Is _ you want to say?Yes,_ thats all I know.A.all what;yetB.which all;unlessC.that all;D.all that;so5.Was it not until 1920_ regular radio broadcasts began?A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since6._the house Mr Zhang has b

21、een broken into?A.When was it that B.When hasC.HasD.Had7.Did_ she was chosen make her very happy?A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it8.Was it at the air battle on June 8,1994,_ was led by captain Johnson,_ Peter lost his life?A.when;thatB.that;whoC.which;thatD.which;when9.-Would you tell me _you want your tea,wi

22、th sugar or milk?-Sugar,please.A.whetherB.whenC.whatD.how10.At last the soldiers reached _the locals called the Golden Triangle.A.whatB.whichC.asD.one11.“Well make public schools _can be.”said the president in the speech.A.what they B.what it C.that they D.all it12.The art center is _used to be a fa

23、ctory,_ millions of tractors were made.A.what,where B.where,whereC.what,which D.where,which13.The thought of going home to his family was all _kept him happy while he was working abroad.A.thatB.whatC.thoseD.which14.I am ashamed,sir,that I wasted the many hours _ I should have studied in class.A.while B.as C.once D.when 15.Teachers should create an environment_ children are taught how to solve problems of learning by themselves.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.whose