2013高考英语总复习优化课件（河南专用）：语法部分一（新人教版）.ppt

1、一、代词语法专项突破语法精讲考点整合考点一 one,the one,that经典品味1(2011高考福建卷)We have various summer camps for your holidays.You can choose_based on your own interests.AeitherBeachCone Dit解析:选C.本题考查代词的用法.句意:我们为你们的假期准备了各种各样的夏令营.你们可以根据自己的兴趣选一个.one指代前文提到的同类事物,但不是同一个,表泛指;either指两者之中任一个;each强调两者或两者以上的“每个”,强调“个体”;it指代前文提到的同类且同物.

2、根据句意可知,正确答案为C项.2(2011高考重庆卷)Silly me！I forget what my luggage looks like.What do you think of_over there?Athe one BthisCit Dthat解析:选D.本题考查代词的用法.句意:我真笨！我忘了我的行李什么样了.你认为那边的那个是吗？首先将本题改为:What do you think of the luggage over there？thatthe名词,替代前面提到的特指的可数或不可数名词;the one用来替代同类事物中的另一个;it指代同物.根据over there可知D项正确

3、.3(2011高考北京卷)The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase_.Athem BthoseCit Dthat解析:选C.本题考查代词的用法.句意:由于当地政府的努力,大城市的就业率持续上升.设空处应替代the employment rate,故用it.them和those用来指代复数名词,故排除A、B两项.that用来特指同类不同物的事物,故排除.要点浓缩1one替代单数名词,指代上文提到的同类事物中的一

4、个,但不是上文提到的那一个事物,相当于“a单数可数名词”;it替代前面提到的事物.There is still a copy of the book in the library.Will you go and borrow it?No,Id rather buy one in the bookstore.图书馆还有一本这样的书.你去把它借来好吗？不,我宁愿到书店里买一本.2the one表特指,用来替代同类事物中的另一个.When I moved to a new community,I found it different from the one I had stayed in befo

5、re.当我搬到一个新社区,我发现与我从前生活的那个社区不同.3thatthe名词,替代前面提到的特指的可数或不可数名词.Few pleasures can equal that(the pleasure)of a cool drink on a hot day.没有一种快乐能等同于在炎热的天气里喝上一杯冷饮所带来的那种快乐.考点二 it的用法经典品味1(2011高考山东卷)The two girls are so alike that strangers find_difficult to tell one from the other.AitBthemCher Dthat解析:选A.本题考查

6、代词的用法.句意:这两个女孩长得如此相似以至于陌生人很难把她们区分开来.在that引导的结果状语从句中,谓语动词find的真正宾语是to tell one from the other,设空处需要形式宾语,而四个选项中只有it可以作形式宾语,所以选择A.2(2012滨州模拟)Everyone hates _ when people litter rubbish casually.Athat BwhatCit D/解析:选C.考查代词用法.分析句子结构可知,hate作谓语动词,it作形式宾语,when引导的从句是真正的宾语从句.故C项正确.3(2012山东实验中学诊断)_ worries the

7、 public a lot that many Chinese students are facing tremendous examinationrelated pressure.AThat BItCAs DWhat解析:选B.考查代词辨析.本句中“.that many Chinese students are facing tremendous examinationrelated pressure”放在主句谓语部分之后是为了避免句子头重脚轻,而用it作形式主语.故选B.4(2012辽宁六校模拟)When_comes to research into heart disease and t

8、he effects on the body,we do not have adequate substitutes for the use of animals.Athat BitCwhat Dthis解析:选B.考查代词.when it comes to.是固定句式,表示“当涉及”.要点浓缩1用于指性别不详、身份不明的人等.The child smiled when it saw its mother.孩子一看见母亲就笑了.2(1)it作先行代词代替不定式、v.ing形式、名词性从句,作形式主语或形式宾语.It felt funny watching myself on TV.(it 作形

9、式主语,watching myself on TV是真正的主语)在电视上观看自己非常滑稽可笑.He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.他没有搞清楚在何时何地召开会议.(2)Its no good(no use,useless)v.ing句型.(2011高考上海卷)Its no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的.3表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后面接it,构成固定结构,这类动词有enjoy,prefer,love,like,hate,

10、dislike,appreciate等.I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.如果你能帮我一把,我会很感激.How can I help it if people dont read the instructions?如果人们不看说明,我有什么办法呢？I hate it when people talk with their mouth full.我讨厌人满嘴食物说话.4When it comes to.当涉及到When it comes to saving energy,big changes start with small step

11、s,like turning off the lights.当提到节能的时候,大变化从细微的行动开始,比如随手关灯.考点三 other,the other,others,another经典品味1(2011高考上海卷)To stay awake,he finished a cup of coffee and ordered_.Athe otherBotherCthe others Danother解析:选D.考查不定代词.句意:为了保持清醒,他喝完了一杯咖啡,又点了一杯.A项the other指两者中的另一个,不符合语意,故排除;other后需要名词,排除B项;the others是复数形式,表

12、特指,不符合句意.another另一个,又一个,符合语境,故选D.2(2012郑州毕业班质量预测)Kathy and her sister are so alike.Yeah,I cant tell one from_.Aanother BotherCthe other Dothers解析:选C.考查代词.根据Kathy and her sister可知说话人谈论的是Kathy姐妹两人,因此应该是the other.3(2010高考安徽卷)You are a team star！Working with_is really your cup of tea.Aboth BeitherCother

13、s Dthe other解析:选C.考查代词.句意:你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱.both和either指两者,首先被排除;the other有范围限定,意为“其余的”,而题干中没有范围和数量限制,故也被排除.others意为“其他的、另外的或别的人或事物”,符合题意要求,故为答案.sb.s cup of teawhat sb.likes/is interested in,etc.某人所喜爱,所关注的等.要点浓缩1other表示“其他的,另外的”,泛指其余的人或物,通常与复数名词或不可数名词连用.Im busy nowcould we talk some other time?

14、我现在很忙我们能换个时间谈吗？2the other可单独使用,特指两个人或物中的“另一个”;也可修饰名词表示“另外的”.Ill spend half of my holiday practising English and the other half learning drawing.假期我会把一半的时间用于练习英语,另一半用于练习绘画.3others只能单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some一起出现;特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others.Some people like to stay at home on Sunday,but others like

15、to go to the cinema.星期天,一些人喜欢呆在家里,另一些人则喜欢去看电影.4another指“任何一个”“再一”“另一”,作代词或形容词,一般用于三者或三者以上.The medium believes the price of petrol will rise by more than another two percent.媒体相信石油的价格将会再上涨多于两个百分点.This young man is very clever;he may be another Edison.这个年轻人很聪明,他可能成为另一个爱迪生.考点四 all,both,either,neither,n

16、one经典品味1(2011高考辽宁卷)Would you like tea or coffee?_,thank you.Ive just had some water.AEitherBBothCAny DNeither解析:选D.本题考查代词的用法.句意:你想喝茶还是咖啡？都不要了,谢谢.我刚刚喝了一些水.A项两者中的任何一个;B项两者都;C项三者或三者以上中的任何一个;D项两者都不.2(2012河南部分重点中学联考)We asked both Tonny and Jerry,but_could offer any help.Aeither BallCnone Dneither解析:选D.考查

17、不定代词辨析.由题意尤其是but可知此处表示否定意义,neither用于两者的否定,表示“两者都不”,这里指Tonny and Jerry都不能提供帮助.3(2012聊城模拟)Babies health is much more likely to be affected if _ parent smokes.Aboth BnoneCneither Deither解析:选D.考查代词.根据句意及smokes可知,父母当中的任何一个人吸烟,孩子的健康都有可能受到影响.故选D.要点浓缩不定代词用法例句all表示“(三者或三者以上)都”,指所有的人或物,看作复数;指抽象的概念,作“一切”讲,看作单数

18、.Which one can I take？You can take all of them;Ill keep none.我能拿哪一个？你可以全拿走,我一个也不留.both 表示“(两者)都”.Both of them like popular songs.他们两人都喜欢流行歌曲.不定代词用法例句either表示“(两者中)任何一者”.There are two roads leading to the power station along the river.You can take either of the roads.沿着这条河有两条路通向那座发电站.你走两条路中的任何一条都可以到达.neither表示“(两者)都不”.How do you usually keep in touch with your friends,by email or letter？Neither.I use telephone only.你通常是如何与朋友保持联系的,发邮件还是写信？都不是.我只用电话联系.不定代词用法例句none表示“(三者或三者以上)都不”.They were all very tired,but none of them would stop to take a rest.他们都非常累,但是没有一个想停下来休息.