2013高考英语总复习优化课件（河南专用）：语法部分七（新人教版）.ppt

1、七、时态和语态语法专项突破语法精讲考点整合考点一 一般将来时经典品味1Did you tell mother you have passed the exam?Oh,no,I forgot.I_her now.Awill be callingBwill callCam calling Dam to call解析:选B.答语表示:我现在就给她打电话.这说明答话人听了对方的话后临时做出决定应马上给母亲打电话,故用will call.2(2012日照检测)Ann is in hospital.Oh,really？I_know.I_go and visit her.Adidnt;am going to

2、 Bdont;wouldCdont;will Ddidnt;will解析:选D.第一空的“不知道”应该是过去不知道,现在已经知道了,要用一般过去时.be going to和will都可以表示将要发生的动作,be going to往往表示事先已计划或思考过的事情,而will常表示临时作出的决定,因此选D.要点浓缩1will/shall与be going to的用法比较(1)will/shall表示未事先思考或计划的临时要做的事情.You left the light on.你忘记关灯了.Oh,so I did.I will go and turn it off.哦,是的.我马上去把它关了.根据上

3、下文的语境来看,“我去把灯关掉”这一行为是说话人听了对方的话后临时想到的,而不是事先考虑要做的,因此用will.(2)be going to表示将来的情况.人作主语时表示打算做某事;物作主语时表示客观迹象表明马上要发生的动作或存在的状态.Look at the sky.It looks as if it is going to rain.看看天空,看起来快要下雨了.(客观迹象表明要发生的动作)2将来时用于特殊句式祈使句and/or.将来时句子.Put everything where they were before or the librarian will punish you.把东西放在

4、原来的位置否则图书管理员会惩罚你.(2010高考浙江卷)If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring,you will be eating fresh watermelon in the fall.如果在春天种下西瓜种子,秋天你就会吃到新鲜的西瓜.考点二 进行时经典品味1(2011高考重庆卷)That piece of music sounds quite familiar.Who_ the piano upstairs?Ahas playedBplayedCplays Dis playing解析:选D.句意:那首音乐听起来十分熟悉.谁在楼上弹钢琴？本

5、题考查时态.根据句意可知,本句说的是现在的事情且动作尚未完成,故用现在进行时,故答案为D项.2(2011高考北京卷)Tom_ in the library every night over the last three months.Aworks BworkedChas been working Dhad been working解析:选C.句意:在过去的三个月里,汤姆一直每晚都在图书馆工作.本题考查动词的时态.根据时间状语over the last three months可知用现在完成进行时,故选C项.3(2011高考浙江卷)The manager was worried about th

6、e press conference his assistant _ in his place but,luckily,everything was going on smoothly.Agave BgivesCwas giving Dhad given解析:选C.句意:助理正在替经理举行新闻发布会,这使得经理很担心,但幸运的是,一切进展顺利.根据题干中的was worried及was going可知设空处表示过去正在进行的情况,故答案为C项.4(2012湖南十二校第一次联考)May I speak to Mr.Williams at five tomorrow afternoon?Im so

7、rry.He_a conference then.Aattends Bhas attendedCwould attend Dwill be attending解析:选D.考查时态.答句中的then指代的是at five tomorrow afternoon,此处意为“明天下午五点那个时候他将正在开会”,故应用将来进行时.要点浓缩1现在进行时现在进行时表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作;表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时的一个动作;表近期特定的安排或计划;go,come等表示起止动作的动词可用进行时代替将来时.Teenagers are damaging their health because th

8、ey play computer games too much.青少年们正在损害自己的健康,因为他们玩电脑游戏太多了.Monitor?Im not monitor of our class.I am just helping with the teacher until the monitor is elected.班长？我不是我们班的班长.我只是在帮助老师,直到选出班长为止.2过去进行时(1)表示当时发展中的或正在进行的情况.Can you give some advice on what I said just now?你能对我刚才说的话提些建议吗？Sorry,my mind was wa

9、ndering.对不起,你刚才说话时我走神了.(2)某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生,其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中.持续性动作用过去进行时,短暂性动作用一般过去时.I first met your sister ten years ago,when she was working at a supermarket as a salesgirl.十年前我第一次见你姐姐时她正在超市当售货员.3将来进行时(1)将来某个时间正在进行的动作(2)表示安排要做的事或预计会发生的事I will be working on my report next week,so I wont be

10、 able to meet you.下星期我将一直忙于写报告,因此我不能去接你.4现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且现在还在进行或刚刚结束.Mum,I really think Dad should have a break and get relaxed.Yes.He has been reading too long.妈妈,我确实认为父亲应该休息放松一会儿.是的,他读书读那么长时间.考点三 一般过去时和一般现在时经典品味1(2011高考北京卷)That must have been a long trip.Yeah,it_us a whole week to get

11、 there.AtakesBhas takenCtook Dwas taking解析:选C.句意:那肯定是一次很长的旅程.是的,我们花了整整一周的时间才到达那里.本题考查动词的时态.must have done用来表示对过去肯定事实的推测,由此判断语境指过去,故排除A项;B项为现在完成时,强调对现在造成的结果或影响,属于现在时态范畴,故排除;D项为过去进行时,表示过去正在进行的动作,不符合语境,也应排除.题干只是在陈述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,故选C.2(2011高考北京卷)Bob has gone to California.Oh,can you tell me when he_？Ah

12、as left BleftCis leaving Dwould leave解析:选B.句意:鲍勃已经去了加利福尼亚.哦,你能告诉我他什么时候离开的吗？本题考查时态.由第一句可知此人已经离开,故排除C、D两项.has left为现在完成时,强调对现在的影响和结果,而此处仅用来询问过去的一种事实,故排除A项,选择B项.3(2011高考江苏卷)The fact that so many people still smoke in public places_ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks

13、of smoking.Asuggest BsuggestsCsuggested Dsuggesting解析:选B.句意:有许多人依旧在公共场合吸烟,这一事实表明我们也许需要搞一次全国性的活动来提高人们对于吸烟危害性的认识.本题考查时态和主谓一致.the fact后跟同位语从句,设空处为主句的谓语动词,故排除D项;由题干中的smoke和may等可知语境指现在的情况,故排除C项.本句主语为the fact,且本句陈述的是一个事实,故谓语动词应采用第三人称单数形式,故选B.要点浓缩1一般过去时一般过去时表示过去的事情、动作或状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用(或上下文语境有暗示);用于表示过去的习惯;

14、表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事.Havent you graduated from college in Beijing?Yes.I studied business management for four years in Beijing.难道你还没从北京的一所大学毕业？不,我在北京从事商业管理四年了.2一般现在时(1)一般现在时强调经常性、习惯性的动作或永久性的状态.I called you last night,but nobody answered.Oh,I usually switch off my cellphone by 800 pm.昨晚我给你打电话,但是没人接电话.噢,我通

15、常在晚上8点关机.(2)可表示客观真理、科学事实.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起,从西方落下.(3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,从句中常用一般现在时.Will you help me to look for an important file I left in my office this morning immediately you arrive?你一到办公室时可以帮我找一下我今早丢在办公室的一份重要文件吗？考点四 完成时经典品味1(2011高考四川卷)What a mistake!Yes.I _ his

16、doing it another way,but without success.Awas suggesting Bwill suggestCwould suggest Dhad suggested解析:选D.句意:竟犯了这样的一个错误！是啊,我建议过让他用另外一种方法做事,但他不听.考查动词时态.从语境看,他已经犯了错误,那么“建议”是在他做事之前的动作,是“过去的过去”,应该用过去完成时,而不是过去进行时、一般将来时或过去将来时.2(2011高考湖南卷)It is the most instructive lecture that I _ since I came to this scho

17、ol.Aattended Bhad attendedCam attending Dhave attended解析:选D.句意:这是自从我到这所学校以来参加过的最有引领性的演讲.考查在特定语境中正确使用时态的能力.根据主句的谓语动词is和从句since I came to this school可以判断空格部分用现在完成时,故D项正确.3(2011高考江苏卷)Tommy is planning to buy a car.I know.By next month,he _enough for a used one.Asaves BsavedCwill save Dwill have saved解析

18、:选D.句意:Tommy 正计划买辆车.我知道.到下个月为止他就能攒够钱买一辆二手车了.“by表将来的时间”作状语,句子(主句)部分谓语动词通常采用将来完成时,故选择D项.4(2011高考天津卷)On her next birthday,Ann_ married for twenty years.Ais Bhas beenCwill be Dwill have been解析:选D.句意:到下一次过生日的时候,Ann结婚就要满二十年了.本题考查时态用法.根据句中的next birthday可知要用将来时,排除A、B两项;根据for twenty years可知要表达“完成”之意,所以设空处用将来

19、完成时.要点浓缩1现在完成时在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时以前已完成的动作.When shall we restart our business?Not until we have finished our plan.我们何时恢复我们的业务？直到我们完成了计划.2过去完成时(1)过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,使用过去完成时必须有过去的另一时间作参照,是否表达“过去的过去”经常要根据上下文来判断.(2010高考安徽卷)Were you surprised by the ending of the film?No.I had read the book,so I already kne

20、w the story.你对电影的结局感到惊奇吗？不,我曾经读过那本书,因此对故事的内容已了如指掌.(2)by,by the end,by the time,until,before,since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句,主句用过去完成时.Before I realized that what I said at the meeting did hurt him,he had driven away without a word.在我意识到在会议上我说的话伤害到他之前,他没说一句话开车离开了.(3)表示愿望、打算类的词,如hope,expect,mean,intend,want,thin

21、k等,用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图等.I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.我本希望在上海多看看.(但未能如愿)考点五 被动语态经典品味1(2011高考湖南卷)In the near future,more advances in the robot technology _ by scientists.Aare makingBare madeCwill make Dwill be made解析:选D.句意:在不久的将来,科学家们将会在机器人技术方面取得更大的进步.考查动词的时态及语态.根据时间状语In the near future可以确定该句的

22、时态为一般将来时,而句子的主语more advances和make之间是被动关系,故选D项.2(2011高考四川卷)All visitors to this village_ with kindness.Atreat Bare treatedCare treating Dhad been treated解析:选B.句意:所有来这个村庄的游客都受到友好的款待.考查动词的时态和语态.这里动词treat与句子主语all visitors是逻辑上的动宾关系,用被动语态;语境提到this village,因此这里叙述当前的情况,用一般现在时.由此判断选B.3(2011高考北京卷)Experiments

23、of this kind_ in both the US.and Europe well before the Second World War.Ahave conducted Bhave been conductedChad conducted Dhad been conducted解析:选D.句意:第二次世界大战之前,在美国和欧洲就曾彻底地进行过这种实验.本题考查时态和语态.experiments与conduct之间为被动关系,故排除A项和C项.conduct这一动作发生在第二次世界大战之前,即:过去的过去,所以用过去完成时,故选择D项.要点浓缩1常用于固定句式It is hoped th

24、at.(希望);It is believed that.(据信);Its supposed that.(据推测);Its thought that.(有人认为);It must be pointed out that.(必须指出)It must be pointed out that you have made a casual decision.必须指出你做了一个随便的决定.2在主动语态中,感官动词后含有省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,在改为被动语态时,不定式符号to不能省略.She is often heard to sing in her room.经常听到她在房间里唱歌.3“get过去分

25、词”可看作系表结构,如get changed换衣服;get washed洗脸;get lost迷路;get confused迷惑不解;get married结婚;get divorced离婚等.More and more people are getting attacked in the underground these days.近来,越来越多的人在地铁里遭到袭击.4主动形式表被动意义(1)系动词look,feel,sound,smell,taste,seem,appear,go,prove,turn等形容词/名词.Ice feels cold.冰摸上去凉.His plan proved(to be)practical.他的计划被证明符合实际.(2)表示主语的某种属性的词:read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,look,shut等.What about the books?Books of this kind sell well.这些书怎么样？这种书很畅销.