2013高考英语总复习优化课件（河南专用）：语法部分十一（新人教版）.ppt

1、十一、特殊句式语法专项突破语法精讲考点整合考点一 主谓一致经典品味1(2011高考安徽卷)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.AisBareCwas Dwere解析:选D.句意:工厂用掉了65%的原材料,其余的留作他用.本题考查主谓一致.which引导非限制性定语从句,本句中的which指代raw materials,“the rest of名词”作主语,谓语动词应与of后的名词保持一致.故本题设空处应用复数,排除A、C两项;根据主句时态可知此

2、处应用过去时,故答案为D项.2(2011高考湖南卷)Onethird of the country_ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people.Ais;are Bis;isCare;are Dare;is解析:选A.句意:三分之一的国土被树覆盖,大多数的市民是黑人.考查主谓一致用法.“分数或百分数of名词”作主语时,谓语动词需要和of后面的名词一致,the country为不可数名词,故第一个空填is;第二空前的主语中心词是citizens,为可数名词,所以第二个空填are.故答案选A项.3(2012海

3、淀第二学期期中练习)Hey！Here is a message on my cellphone,telling me to send money to.Delete it!Its a trick.Many a person_ by such tricks.Ahas been cheated Bhave been cheatedCwere cheated Dwas cheated解析:选A.考查时态、语态和主谓一致.答话人之所以让对方删除手机上要求汇款的信息是因为到目前为止已经有很多人上当受骗,所以用现在完成时的被动语态,排除C、D两项;many a 表示“大量”,修饰单数可数名词,谓语动词用单

4、数,故排除B项选A项.要点浓缩1people,cattle等集体名词作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数形式,但family,class,team,group,public等集体名词作主语时,如果把它们作为一个整体看待,谓语动词应用单数形式;如果强调的是个体成员,谓语动词应用复数形式.The flooded family is made up of ten people,so the clothing is badly needed.遭受洪灾的家庭由十人组成,因此衣服十分紧缺.2如果主语由“more than onen.”或“many an.”构成,谓语动词用单数形式;如果主语由“more复数名词th

5、an one”构成,谓语动词一般用复数形式.More than one boy likes to play basketball while many a girl is good at playing baseball.不止一个男孩喜欢打篮球然而不止一个女生善长打棒球.3由or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.等连接的并列主语,谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致.Either you or your secretary has to check over the speech draft and correct the mistake

6、s.要么是你要么是你的秘书必须检查一下演讲稿并把错误改过来.4如果主语后面带有as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等引导的短语时,句中谓语动词的单复数取决于主语的单复数.(2009高考陕西卷)Dr.Smith,together with his wife and daughters,is going to visit Beijing this summer.Dr.Smith将在今年夏

7、天和妻子女儿们一起游览北京.In my opinion,he rather than you,is to blame.依我看来,他,而不是你该受责备.5单复数同形的名词作主语时,应根据名词的意义来确定谓语动词的单、复数形式.Every necessary means has been used to protect milu deer which are very valuable to us.As a result,the number of the milu deer is increasing.用来保护对于我们来说很珍贵的麋鹿的各种必要手段都已使用.因此,麋鹿的数量正在增加.6由each

8、,every,no所修饰的作主语的名词即使有and连接,谓语动词仍用单数形式.Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the English evening party to be held on Saturday.每个女生和男生希望参加星期六举办的英语晚会.考点二 倒装经典品味1(2011高考湖南卷)Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours _ a decision.Athey reachedBdid they reachCthey reach Ddo they reach

9、解析:选B.句意:直到他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才作出决定.本题考查倒装句.only修饰状语(从句)置于句首时,后面的句子要部分倒装,排除A、C项;根据题干中的过去完成时可知设空处应该用过去时,故排除D项,答案为B项.2(2011高考福建卷)Its nice.Never before_ such a special drink!Im glad you like it.AI have had BI hadChave I had Dhad I解析:选C.句意:太棒了.我以前从来没喝过这么独特的饮料！很高兴您喜欢.本题考查倒装句.否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,s

10、eldom,scarcely,rarely及表示否定意义的介词短语置于句首时,后面的主语、谓语部分需部分倒装,根据题意可知,设空处应该用现在完成时态,所以正确答案为C项.3(2011高考课标全国卷)Try_ she might,Sue couldnt get the door open.Aif Bwhen Csince Das解析:选D.句意:虽然Sue试着想打开门,但是她打不开.本题考查连词.as引导让步状语从句时意为“虽然”,要求从句使用部分倒装,即从句中表语、状语或动词原形置于as前.此句中设空前为动词原形Try,符合as的用法,故答案为D项.要点浓缩1部分倒装(1)在so/such.t

11、hat.句型中,若so/such.提到句首时.So interested in the ancient town did the visitors get that they decided to stay there for another few days.这些游客对那个古镇如此感兴趣以至于他们决定在那儿再待几天.(2)hardly.when.,no sooner.than.,not only.but also.等引导两个分句时,前一个分句用部分倒装,后一个分句不变.Hardly had they got to the bus stop when the bus pulled away.他

12、们刚到达车站公共汽车就开动了.Not only should we know the theory,but also we should learn how to apply it to practice.我们不但应该知道理论而且我们应该学会如何把理论应用于实践.(3)否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition等置于句首时.(2009高考陕西卷)Little

13、did Rose care about her own safety,though she was in great danger herself.虽然身处险境,Rose却丝毫不在意她个人的安危.It is said that by no means can the students be allowed to get into this laboratory without Mr.Jacksons permission.据说未经Jackson先生的许可,学生绝不允许进入这个实验室.(4)当“only状语(副词、介词短语或从句)”置于句首时.Only when Tom fully recove

14、red did he go back to work.只有当汤姆完全恢复他才回去工作.(5)用于as引导的让步状语从句中(表语/状语/动词原形as主语).Quiet student as he may be,he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.尽管他是一名沉默寡言的学生,但课后谈起他最喜欢的歌手他却滔滔不绝.2完全倒装(1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语,如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,on the wall等,置于句首时,完全倒装.On the top of th

15、e hill stands a temple where the old man once lived.在山顶上有一个这位老人曾经生活过的寺庙.(2009高考福建卷)For a moment nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together.那会儿,什么都没发生.之后大家一起欢呼起来.(2)表语连系动词主语(表语可以是:形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词)Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.出席会议的有怀

16、特教授,史密斯教授还有许多其他客人.考点三 强调句型经典品味1(2011高考湖南卷)Its not what we do once in a while_shapes our lives,but what we do consistently.AwhichBthatChow Dwhen解析:选B.考查强调句型的用法.句意:影响我们生活的不是我们偶尔做什么,而是我们一贯做什么.强调部分是句子的主语,空格部分应是强调句型中的that,故选B项.2(2011高考四川卷)Was it on a lonely island_ he was saved one month after the boat w

17、ent down?Awhere BthatCwhich Dwhat解析:选B.考查强调句型的用法.句意:他是不是在船沉了一个月之后在一个孤岛上被人救出来的？结合题干和选项看,这里用it was.that强调句结构,被强调的是地点状语on a lonely island.要点浓缩1强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”.被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等.(2009高考浙江卷)Ive read another book this week.Well,maybe it is not how much you read but what you read th

18、at counts.这星期我又看了一本书.嗯,也许重要的不是你看了多少而是你看了什么.2强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前,特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词is/wasitthat从句”.What was it that made Mrs White so upset?Her sons making trouble in the school.是什么让怀特夫人这么难过？她儿子在学校惹事了.3“It was not until.that.”这个句型强调时间状语.It was not until I went there that I began to know something about

19、the matter.直到我去那儿我才开始知道有关那件事.考点四 省略经典品味1(2012山东东营胜利一中)Have you been to the Great Wall?Perhaps not in my memory._,it might have been during my early childhood.AIf anyBIf soCIf ever DIf not解析:选C.句意:你去过长城吗？在我记忆中好像没有去过.要是去过的话,或许是在童年.if ever如果曾经,该句完整形式为:If I have ever been to the Great Wall.;if any如果有一些(

20、表示数量);if so如果那样;if not如果不.2(2012杭州第二次质量检测)Be careful when you deal with this chemical,as it will explode when_to sunlight.Abeing exposed Bto exposeCexposing Dexposed解析:选D.考查非谓语动词.句意:当你处理这种化学物品时要小心,因为当它暴露在阳光下时会爆炸.后半句是“as it will explode when it is exposed to sunlight”的省略形式,it与expose之间是动宾关系,故用过去分词形式.3

21、(2012泰安模拟)Why didnt you buy the gold ring?I_,but I didnt have the money.Awould have BboughtCwould like to Dhad bought解析:选A.省略的句子补充完整为:I would have bought it if I had had the money,是对过去事实的假设,用虚拟语气;I didnt have the money是事实,用陈述语气.要点浓缩1在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if,though,as等引导的状

22、语从句中,若谓语有be动词,而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时,从句的主语和be常被省略.(2010高考大纲全国卷)Though surprised to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome.教授看到我们,虽然很惊讶,但还是热情地欢迎了我们.When people cut down big trees,new trees should be planted.If not they will have no trees to cut down in the future.当人们砍倒大树时,应该种植新树,不然的话,他们以后就没有树木可砍了.2不

23、定式省略,单独使用不定式符号to.(1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词,常在be afraid,be glad,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等的后边.(2009高考江苏卷)Whats the matter with Della?Well,her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party,but she still hopes to.Della出什么事了？父母不允许Della参加晚会,可她仍然希望参加.Will you join in the game？你愿意加入做游戏吗？Id be glad to.我很高兴.(2)如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留be,have和have been.Are you a sailor？你是海员吗？No,but I used to be.不,但我过去是.