2014-2015学年高中英语配套课件：选修10 UNIT 1 PERIOD 3（人教版课标通用）.ppt

1、重点语法精析解码书面表达Unit 1 Nothing ventured，nothing gained Period 3 Grammar&Writing 课件（人教版选修10，课标通用）定语一、意义与形式定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。主要有形容词，此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词短语、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。汉语中常用“的”表示。定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。重点语法精析解码书面表达二、用法(一)名词及其词组和所有格作定语1man，woman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，但要根据所修饰名词的数

2、而定。如：a man doctor，two women teachers。2当数词与单位名词一起用作定语时，单位名词往往用单数形式，数词与单位名词用“”连接。如：a twohour talk，a threeday trip。3名词所有格作定语时名词的单复数形式依意义而定。如：an hours drive，a three dayswalk，twenty dollarsworthof clothes。重点语法精析解码书面表达(二)代词、数词、形容词和副词作定语1 代 词 作 定 语 时，注 意 下 列 词 的 区 别：much/many，little/few，some/any。2多个形容词作定语的

3、语序，一般遵循如下规则：大小、长短、高低(矮)形容词形状形容词年龄、新旧形容词颜色形容词国籍、地区、出处形容词物质、材料形容词用途、类别形容词。3副词作定语，通常放在被修饰词的后面。The buildings around are of modern style.但要注意两种特殊情况：重点语法精析解码书面表达(1)quite，rather等副词可置于“不定冠词名词”前，用于增强语气。We had quite a party.It was rather a mess.(2)某些副词在表示形容词词义时，可直接置于名词之前。Who was the then Prime Minister？谁是当时的总

4、理？He has inside information about the talk.他有关于这次会谈的内部情报。重点语法精析解码书面表达(三)介词短语作定语介词短语作定语时须后置。The skyscraper in the distance is a fivestar hotel.(四)非谓语动词作定语先看下面一组词组：a boy to come，a sleeping boy，a boy praised by the teacher显然，不定式to come，现在分词sleeping，过去分词(短语)praised(by the teacher)都是作定语，那么非谓语动词作定语时在用法上又有

5、些什么区别呢？重点语法精析解码书面表达1不定式作定语通常表示动作尚未发生。它有时与所修饰名词构成动宾关系，此时，若不定式逻辑主语同时也是句子主语，用主动形式表示被动，反之，用被动形式。Im leaving for Shanghai on business.Do you have anything to be taken there?No，thank you.如果该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。They have to find a room to live in.注意：有些名词(time，way，effort，ability，attempt，tendency，plan，etc.)后常

6、跟不定式作定语。Your ability to analyze the problem really surprised us.重点语法精析解码书面表达2现在分词作定语通常表明动作正在进行或习惯性、经常性发生，它与其所修饰名词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。The girl reading under the tree is my sister.那个在树下读书的女孩是我妹妹。There is a piano standing in the corner.墙角处有架钢琴。3过去分词作定语通常表明先于谓语动词发生的动作，或与谓语动词所表示的时间相对应的经常性动作，它与所修饰名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系。This

7、 is the computer center built half a year ago.He was then a teacher respected(who was respected)by all his students.重点语法精析解码书面表达(五)从句作定语1关系代词引导定语从句(1)关系代词的省略作直接宾语时可以省略。The man(whom)you saw just now is our manager.当that在从句中作表语时可以省略。He is not the man(that)he used to be.在“therebe”结构中出现定语从句，或在定语从句中出现“th

8、erebe”结构，用作主语的关系代词可以省略。This is the only bus(that)there is to the park.重点语法精析解码书面表达当先行词是way，且在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系代词可用in which，that，也可以省略。The way(in which/that)these comrades look at problems is wrong.当先行词是time时，关系代词可用when，that或省略。The second time(when/that)I saw him was in 1980.注意：只有限制性定语从句才能有关系代词的省略，非限制性定

9、语从句的关系代词绝对不能省略。重点语法精析解码书面表达(2)如果关系代词紧跟在介词后面，不能用who，that，只能用whom，which。This is the question about which they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks.(3)如果先行词是all，much，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。Please just tell me anything(that)you know about

10、 the author of the book.重点语法精析解码书面表达(4)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等词修饰，关系代词常用that，不用which，who或whom。He is the only person that was present at the time.(5)which 可以引导修饰整个主句的定语从句。He was often late for school，which made his mother angry.重点语法精析解码书面表达2关系副词引导定语从句(1)关系副词引导定语从句时只起状

11、语作用，在从句中它既不能作动词的宾语，也不能作介词的宾语。The man is said to come from a town where nobody knew.()The man is said to come from a town which nobody knew.()Do you know the reason why she did it for？()Do you know the reason why she did it？()(2)how不能用来引导定语从句。This is the way how he behaves.()This is the way(in which/

12、that)he behaves.()重点语法精析解码书面表达三、位置定语的位置一般有两种：用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语，用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。单个的词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。1定语前置在英语里，一般定语前置时的词序为：限定词、形容词、分词、动名词和名词性定语。a developing country一个发展中的国家重点语法精析解码书面表达2定语后置(1)短语作定语一般后置It was a conference fruitful of results.那是一个硕果累累的会议。He gave me a basket

13、full of eggs.他给我一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。English is a language easy to learn but difficult to master.英语是一门容易学但是难精通的语言。The boys hardest to teach are all in his class.最难教的男生都在他的班里了。重点语法精析解码书面表达(2)修饰some，any，no，every等词构成的不定代词的定语都后置Lets go somewhere quiet.咱们去找个安静一点的地方吧。There is nothing important in todays newspaper.今天

14、报纸上没有什么重要的东西。Do you have anything more to say?你还有什么话要说吗？重点语法精析解码书面表达(3)副词作定语The people here are very friendly.这里的人很友好。They lived in the room above.他们住在楼上的房间。(4)动词、名词转化而来的以able，ible结尾的形容词作定语He is a person dependable.他是一个可以依靠的人。This is the only transportation means available.这是唯一可行的交通工具。重点语法精析解码书面表达(5

15、)起强调用的单个分词Everybody involved should stay here.涉及到的每个人都应留下。the college mentioned.这所被提到的大学。(6)特殊词Could you tell me something imporpant?你能告诉我重要的事情吗？重点语法精析解码书面表达3定语从句(1)英语的复合句中，分句以其主句为基干，通过连接手段，一层一层地展开，就好像一棵树的树干上长出大枝子，大枝子上再长出小枝子。如下面的多重定语从句：A healthy diet includes enough but not too many kinds of foods t

16、hat provide the body with the nutrients that it needs to function properly.健康的饮食包括的食物应该充足但又不过多，这些食物提供身体正常活动所必需的营养。重点语法精析解码书面表达(2)英语中的非限制性定语从句所表达的信息，在汉语里一般由另一个小句来表达。用非限制性定语从句时，前应加逗号，并且非限制性定语从句引导词不能用that。She asked for his help，which he gladly gave.她要求他帮忙，他愉快地帮助了她。It was a century，during which the coun

17、try suffered continuously from wars.一个世纪过去了，在这期间这个国家不断遭受战乱之苦。重点语法精析解码书面表达.完成句子1She is a_(天生的音乐家)2She has a wish _(周游世界)3He was the first person _(通过考试)4Look at the man_(坐在岩石上的)5Dont wake_(正在睡觉的婴儿)答案1.natural musician2.to travel around the world3.that passed the exam/to pass the exam4.sitting on the

18、rock5.the sleeping baby重点语法精析解码书面表达.单项填空1Our neighbor has_ours.Aas a big house as Bas big a house asCthe same big house as Da house the same big as解析在as.as结构中，第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词，as big是形容词短语，修饰名词a house。答案B重点语法精析解码书面表达2There are plenty of jobs_in the western part of the country.Apresent BavailableCpr

19、eciouDconvenient解析available可得到的，可利用的。句意：在这个国家的西部地区，有很多工作可找。答案B重点语法精析解码书面表达3 Ive worked with children before，so I know what _in my new job.Aexpected Bto expectCto be expecting Dexpects解析不定式作定语修饰what，其他选项不能和what形成搭配。答案B重点语法精析解码书面表达4The picture_on the wall is painted by my nephew.Ahaving hung BhangingC

20、hangs Dbeing hung解析 现在分词作后置定语，相当于省略的定语从句。答案B重点语法精析解码书面表达5Prices of daily goods_through a computer can be lower than store prices.Aare bought BboughtCbeen bought Dbuying解析 过去分词作定语表示被动和已发生。答案B重点语法精析解码书面表达演讲稿演讲稿是在公开场合发表个人的观点、见解和主张的文稿。它是一种带有宣传性和煽动性的文体，经常使用各种修辞手法，需要有较强的感染力。语言多口语化，多用排比句和祈使句等。重点语法精析解码书面表达演

21、讲稿常用格式和词句：开头抓住听众，引人入胜一开头就应该用生动活泼的语言在最短的时间内抓住听众的注意力。开头要包括对听众的称呼，以此来拉近演讲者与听众之间的距离。如：Dear.，ladies and gentlemen，高考试题一般都会将开头部分给出。主体环环相扣，层层深入这是文章的主要部分。在行文过程中要处理好层次和衔接的问题。结尾简洁有力，余音绕梁言简意赅的结尾容易让人记住演讲的内容。声情并茂的结尾能够使听众振奋、思考和回味。重点语法精析解码书面表达【写作任务】假定你是学校的业余气象员李华，请你在晚上6：00根据电台天气预报节目中得知的天气情况，通过广播用英语向全体学生作天气预报，并提出忠告

22、。要点如下表：时段项目午夜凌晨2：00明天早晨上午天气情况大风、降温5 8 阴天、有小雪要求与忠告离开教室时关好门窗；起床时多穿衣服，注意保暖，以防感冒。重点语法精析解码书面表达注意：1.必须包括所给要点，但不可逐条翻译；2词数：120150。【写作分析】确定本文是一篇口头通知。按要点顺序通知全校师生：今日午夜至明日凌晨将有大风、降温5 8；明天上午阴天、有小雪；要求全校师生离开教室时关好门窗；忠告起床时多穿衣服，注意保暖，以防感冒。文章中涉及到的人称主要是第一人称和第二人称；因为事情还未发生，所以用将来时。重点语法精析解码书面表达学生作品牵手名师点津【学生作品】Attention，pleas

23、e.Id like to report the weather for you.There will be a strong wind at midnight，and the temperature will drop by 5 8.Tomorrow morning，itll be cloudy and snow lightly.You should close all the windows and doors when leave the classroom，so that they will be protected from breaking.Just put on more clot

24、hes tomorrow to keep warm.Thats all.Thank you.Heres Li Hua reporting.重点语法精析解码书面表达【名师点津】本文紧扣题目要求，简明扼要描述了通知中的要点。格式正确，较好地完成了写作任务。不足之处在于，文中所用简单句较多，导致前后内容衔接不够紧密。且when leave the classroom表述错误。重点语法精析解码书面表达【范文欣赏】May I have your attention，please，everyone？Its now 6 oclock in the evening.Here is the weather re

25、port.There will be a strong wind from this midnight to early tomorrow morning and the temperature will drop by 5 8.Also its going to be cloudy or there may be light snowfalls tomorrow morning.Therefore，make sure that all the windows and doors are closed when you leave the classroom tonight in case they might be broken by the strong wind.重点语法精析解码书面表达You see，its getting colder and colder，so Id like to remind you that you should put on more clothes when getting up the following morning to protect yourselves against cold.Thats all.Thanks a lot.Heres Li Hua reporting.