2014高考英语总复习 语法专题复习：第三讲 代词、IT的用法和连词（56张PPT）.ppt

1、第三讲 代词、It的用法和连词一、代词考点透析1人称代词的主格、宾格，两种物主代词及反身代词。主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryour their名词性物主代词mine yourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves人称代词的主格在句中作主语，宾格作宾语。形容词性物主代词作定语，即其后必须有一个名词。名词性物主代词在句中的作用相当于一个名

2、词，可作主语、宾语、表语等，其后没有名词。反身代词在主语、宾语、表语后作这些成分的同位语，意为“亲自”、“亲眼”、“某某本人”。在语法填空中，这个知识点出现的频率相当高。例如：(1)It was John himself that put him in trouble.(2)You can believe me.I saw it myself.(3)My bag is bigger than yours.2one，ones，the one，that，those可以代替前面出现的名词，以避免重复。one a名词单数，the onethe名词单数，thatthe名词单数。ones，those代替前

3、面的名词复数，those the名词复数。one，ones前可以有形容词修饰。例如：(1)I dont like this skirt.I like the red one.(2)Im planning to buy a house.Id like one with a garden.(3)The population in Guangzhou is bigger than that in Changsha.(4)I prefer the apples in the basket to those in the box.3none，nothing，nobody(no one)的区别。none既

4、可指人，也可指物，且表特指概念，回答how many，how much等问题；nobody(no one)只能指人，且表泛指概念，常回答who引起的问题；nothing只能指物，常回答what引起的问题。另外，no one后不带of短语，none后可带of短语。4few，a few，quite a few，many修饰可数名词；little，a little，quite a little，much修饰不可数名词。5another，the other，others，other，the others的区别。another泛指另一个；the other特指两个中的另一个；others泛指“其他”，后

5、不带名词；other后带名词复数；the others指特定范围中其他的人或物，后不带名词。This coat doesnt fit me.Will you show me another?Thirty students in our class are girls，and the others are boys.6注意下列句型：One.the other.一个另一个Some.others.and still others.有的有的还有的7not 与all，everybody，everyone，everything等连用，或“not every名词”结构，都表示部分否定。例如：Not all

6、the students agree with this opinion.并非每个学生都同意这个观点。Not everyone is interested in football.并不是每个人都对足球感兴趣。All the boys dont like smoking.不是每个男孩都喜欢吸烟。强化训练一(一)用适当的代词填空按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，在空白处填上适当的词。1(2012全国卷)Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him,but _ of them wants to,because they have wor

7、k to do.2(2012江西卷)My brother would like to buy a good watch but _ was available from that shop.noneneither3(2012浙江卷)Studying Wendys menu,I found that many of the items are similar to_ of McDonalds.4(2012全国卷)Which one of these do you want?I dont mind._will do.5(2012四川卷)Excuse me.How much is the shirt

8、?50 _.6(2012北京卷)Many people have donated that type of blood;however,the blood bank needs _.morethoseEithereach7(2012上海卷)When he took his gloves off,I noticed that _ one had his name written inside.8(2012江苏卷)Sophia waited for a reply,but _ came.9(2012福建卷)Have you figured out how much the trip will co

9、st?$4,000,or_ like that.10(2012重庆卷)John,when shall we meet again,Thursday or Friday?_.Ill be off to London then.11(2011上海卷)To stay awake,he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _.Neithereachnonesomethinganother12(2011陕西卷)Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen,dear?_ one?13(2011辽宁卷)Woul

10、d you like tea or coffee?_，thank you.Ive just had some water.14(2011全国卷)I got this bicycle for _；my friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.15(2011四川卷)There is _ in his words.We should have a try.somethingAnotherNeithernothing(二)选词填空1请选用 one，the one，it，this，that完成句子，可重复使用。(1)When I go to coll

11、ege，I will definitely need a car，but I dont have the money to buy _ now.(2)All the cars on show look fabulous，especially _ with gilt doors.(3)I like one of the cars on exhibition very much，but I dont have enough money to buy _.(4)The car parked in front of our house is shabbier than _in front of you

12、r house.that/the oneonethe oneit2请选用 little，a little，few，a few完成句子，可重复使用。(1)There are _ minutes left.Youd better hurry up，or we will miss the train.(2)There are _ minutes left.Take it easy.(3)There is _ time left.How can we finish the job in such a hurry?(4)There is still _ time left.Dont worry!a li

13、ttlefewa fewlittle3请选用other，others，the other，the others，another完成句子，可重复使用。(1)The soldiers have served in American military bases in Japan，South Korea and several _ countries.(2)This pair of shoes is too big.Would you please show me _ pair?otheranother(3)Among the seven students，three are girls while

14、 _ four are boys.(4)I have seven glasses.Three of them are broken and _ are dirty.(5)During the cleaning，some students are sweeping away the rubbish，some are mopping the floor，and _ are tidying the desks.othersthe otherthe others4请选用no one，nothing，none，nobody完成句子，可重复使用。(1)Im a stranger here，so I kno

15、w _ of them.(2)The newspaper is just about meetings or conferences.I can see _ interesting in it.(3)Who is in the office now？_.(4)How many deaths are caused by the traffic accident?_.NonenonenothingNo one/Nobody(三)语篇填空在下文空格中填入适当的代词。My friend Tony and I always walk home together after school，for 1._l

16、ive in the same block and 2._ of us go in for football.One afternoon on 3._way home，we were about to say goodbye when we heard a loud shout behind 4._.As we looked around to see what had happened，we found a middleaged woman lying on the ground，bleeding.We realized that 5._ had beenwebothourussheknoc

17、ked down by the black car in front of her.We hurried to help 6._，but a man with dark glasses came over and tried to prevent Tony and 7._ from getting closer to the wounded woman.So we got very angry with the man.How could 8._ stop us from helping a dying woman?The man asked us to turn around and we

18、were surprised to see 9._ man carrying a video camera on 10._shoulder.They were just shooting a film.hishermeheanotherit的用法一、考点透析1代词 it的用法以及它与one，that 的辨析是高考题的热点，应掌握下面的要点。it 为特指，代替单数可数名词，一般代替一个具体的事物，不带修饰成分。(1)用作人称代词，代替前文提到的事物。Whats this？Its a pen.(2)代替指示代词this，that。(3)表示时间、天气、距离、季节、明暗等。How far is it

19、 to New York?Its 400 kilometers.one(1)泛指，代替前面出现过的名词单数，避免重复。(用ones代替前面出现过的复数名词)。可用this/that/each/which及形容词修饰，也可与冠词连用，或带后置定语。例如：He has no child，and he wants to adopt one.他没有孩子，想认养一个。(2)作不定代词时，可以泛指人。意为“一个人，一种人”。例如：One should do ones duty.人人应该尽责。比较：There was a piano in the shop，so I decided to buy it at

20、 once.(it 特指上文出现的piano,与piano是同一事物)I wanted to buy a house and Id like one with a garden.(onea house)There are many good flats for you to choose.Would you like to buy one?(onea flat,one 指many good flats中的一个)that 代替单数可数名词或代替不可数名词，只可带后置定语。只能代替物，不能代替人。those可指人，也可指物。在比较状语从句中，特指前面提到的同一类东西。The population

21、of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.上海的人口多于北京。2引导词it。it 指时间时的重要句型(1)It is(high)time(that)主语should do/did sth.It is(high)time that this problem was solved.(2)It is.since.It is two years since he came to work in this city.(3)It be.before.It will be three years before we can meet again.it 作形式主语的

22、常用句型(1)It is/wasadj.for/of sb.to do sth.It was difficult for her to move so heavy a box.(2)It is/wasadj.that.It was clear that he was lying to us.(3)It isVedthat.It is reported that our team has won the gold medal.(4)It seems/appears/happens that.It seemed that he had known the truth.It so happened

23、that I was standing at the gate when the guests arrived.(5)It matters/doesnt matter that.It matters a lot whether he will agree to our plan.(6)It is no use/no good/no harm doing sth.Its no good arguing with him.it作形式宾语的常用句型(S代替主语，V代替谓语动词)(1)SVitadj./n.to do sth.We consider it a great honor to be abl

24、e to host the 2008 Olympic Games.(2)SVitadj./n.doing sth.They find it no use searching the empty house.Do you consider it any good trying again?(3)主语谓语itthat/when.I dont like it when you shout at me.强调句：It is/was被强调成分who/that.如下列句子中可对四处画线部分进行强调。We saw Tom in the park yesterday.It was we who/that saw

25、 Tom in the park yesterday.(强调人，可用who或that)It was Tom whom/that we saw in the park yesterday.(强调宾语)It was in the park that we saw Tom yesterday.(强调地点)It was yesterday that we saw Tom in the park.(强调时间)注意：(1)It is.that 不能用来强调谓语动词，强调动词要用“do动词原形”。例如：Do come early tomorrow.明天一定要早点来。The little boy did wo

26、rk out the problem.小男孩的确做出了那个题目。(2)强调时间、地点、某个事物时都要用that，而不能用when，where，which。强化训练二(一)单句填空按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，在空白处填上适当的词。1(2012全国卷)Sarah made _ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.2(2012陕西卷)No matter where he is,he makes _a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.itit3(2012辽宁卷)I

27、f youre buying todays paper from the stand,could you get _for me?4(2012四川卷)New technologies have made _ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.5(2011北京卷)The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase _.ititone6

28、(2011江西卷)Why dont you bring _ to his attention.7(2011福建卷)We have various summer camps for your holidays,you can choose _ based on your own interests.8(2011重庆卷)Silly me!I forget what my luggage looks like.What do you think of _ over there?itonethat9(2011山东卷)The two girls are so alike that strangers f

29、ind _ difficult to tell one from the other.10(2011安徽卷)Surprisingly,Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made _almost an overcoat for her.ititself(二)语篇填空在下文空格中填入适当的代词。Many people think that when 1._is very cold they need some alcohol to keep them warm.A group of strong men thought so whe

30、n they were traveling across the plains.2._was winter and they had to spend a terrible night in their tent without any fire.One of the men knew more than the 3._and said that 4._was not safe for any one of them to drink whisky(威士忌)that night.He even said that 5.ititItothers_was far more likely for t

31、hem to freeze if 6._ drank 7._.Two of 8._friends believed 9._right not to drink any whisky.And the three took no whisky before going to sleep.They were cold in the night，but they were not very uncomfortable.The others drank a lot of whisky and seven of them drank until they were drunken，so most of t

32、hem were so badly frozen that they never really got well again，and the seven were frozen to death.ititittheyhisEach one of these men was strong the day before，and each had the same number of blankets that night.10._ seemed to be just the whisky and nothing else that made the difference.The more the

33、men drank the more they suffered from the cold.It连词考点透析1however，but，while的用法。however另起新句，有逗号与句子隔开。but不需另起新句。while既表示对比，又表转折。He was ill，but he still kept on working.他病了，可他还是坚持工作。What she said sounded reasonable，Mr.Green，however，didnt believe her.她说得有道理，然而，格林先生就是不信她。There is plenty of rain in the sout

34、h while there is little rain in the north.南方多雨而北方少雨。2注意because，since，as，for的用法。3as，when，while，since的用法(见复合句)。4It istime before.(见复合句)。It wont be a month before we can meet again.5“一就”的多种表达方式。as soon ashardly.when.no sooner.than.scarcely.when.immediately/instantlythe moment/the minute/the secondHardl

35、y had he entered the hall when it began to rain heavily.他一走进大厅就下大雨了。I will set out to solve the problem the moment I come back.我一回来就会立马着手解决这个问题。6熟记各类并列连词。(1)联合类：and，both.and，as well as，neither.nor，not only.but also.(2)选择类：or，or else，otherwise，either.or.(3)转折类：but，still，however，yet，while，when(4)因果类 s

36、o，for，thereforeCome here on time tomorrow morning，otherwise/or you will miss a good chance.明早一定按时来，否则你会失去一个好机会。I have a lot to do this evening，so I cant go shopping with you.今晚我有许多事要做，所以不能陪你去购物了。Neither Tom nor his father could speak Chinese.汤姆和他父亲都不会说汉语。强化训练三(一)选词填空1请选用because，since，as，for完成句子，每词只能

37、用一次。(1)Why didnt you phone me last night?_ I didnt want to disturb you.(2)It must have rained last night，_ the ground is wet now.(3)_ everyone is here，lets begin our meeting.(4)_ he wasnt ready in time，we went without him.BecauseforSinceAs2请选用while，but，however完成句子，可重复使用。(1)It looked like rain._，it i

38、s clear this morning.(2)She said that it was so，she was mistaken，_.(3)The film is short _ interesting.(4)_all of them are strong candidates，only one will be chosen for the post.(5)_ I admit he is good at his maths，I dont think he is a gifted boy.HoweverhoweverbutWhileWhile3请选用before，since，as，until完成

39、句子，可重复使用。(1)The roof fell _ he could rushed in to save the child.(2)_ days went by，the situation began to change.(3)If a lot of people say a film is not good，I wont bother to see it，or Ill wait _ it comes out on DVD.(4)_ he came to Beijing，he has worked in our company.(5)It wont be long _ you can se

40、e him again.beforebeforeAsuntilSince(二)语篇填空在下文空格中填入适当的连词。It is wellknown 1._in North America people are always in a hurry.Children have special lessons 2._sports activities after school.Parents often work late 3._dont get home 4._7 or 8 oclock at night.Most North American families dont have time to

41、prepare a meal.That is 5._fast food is so popular in North America.6._，as everybody knows，fast food is not healthy food.thatHoweveroranduntilwhyYoung people like fast food because it saves work and time 7._old people dont like it because it is not nutritious.8._，fast food is becoming so popular in m

42、any countries 9._American fastfood companies now have restaurants all over the world.10._not everybody is happy about the spread of North American fast food.A group of people in Italy want to fight against the spread of American fast food.They dont like the idea of opening more fast food chains rest

43、aurants in their cities.thatwhileNeverthelessBut专题训练广东各地市历年模拟题演练按照句子结构的语法性和句子连贯的要求，在空白处填上适当的词。1The cat wondered how he would get across because he was afraid of water.In the meanwhile,the rat ran behind the unsuspecting cat and pushed _ into the water.him2It has been said before,but experiencing it

44、myself has made _ want to say it again:a smile can cross all language barriers.3I didnt understand a word that she said,_ I understood her smile.4But when he opened the box,he found _ was empty and again his anger flared.mebutit5He was a shy，nervous perfectionist.He seldom finished his work because

45、he repeatedly checked with me to be sure he hadnt made a mistake.I tried my best to build up _ selfconfidence.And I repeatedly asked God for direction.6I now had the key to all languages,_ I was eager to learn to use it.7Children who can hear learn languages without any particular effort._ hear othe

46、r people speak,and enjoy trying to make the same sounds.hisandThey8The blind child must learn languages in a slow and often painful way._ even though the learning may be slow and painful,the result is wonderful.9The 104episode cartoon series tells the life stories of Confucius from a little boy to a

47、 master.It will be on television around September 28 this year,the 2,560th anniversary of _ birth,said Zhao Xiande,the chief playwright of the cartoon.Buthis10Confucius(551 BC479 BC),was a great educator,philosopher,renowned politician,_ the founding father of Confucianism.11_is believed that he tri

48、ed to find comfort from his imprisonment by writing love poems to his wife.12In Japan,for example,it is normal for the woman to send chocolates to the man,_ in Korea April 14th is known as“Black Day”and is when the unfortunate men who received nothing on Valentines Day gather to eat noodles and show

49、 sympathy for each other.andItwhile/but13“No Santa Claus？”she said.“Ridiculous!Dont believe _.”14Whenever I think about the troubles of the world,I think about that little girl and the remarkable lesson about life that she taught_.15Here we will tell you about the traditional table manners _ the modern table manners in Korea.it/thatmeand