2016年高考英语语法专题剖析课件：1.名词.ppt

1、2016年高考英语语法专题剖析1.名词怎么考1.主要考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力；2.名词的一词多义与熟词生义；3.语篇填空及短文改错中，主要涉及名词的单复数、名词的固定搭配、主谓一致等。怎么学在记忆单词时，一定要结合语境体会其意义。掌握名词的熟词新义重在多阅读、多积累。怎么解理解上下语境，明析考查目的，然后确定答案。.体验考向用所给词的适当名词形式填空。1.(2015江苏卷)Some schools will have to make _(adjust)in agreement with the national soccer reform.2.(2015江苏卷)Go and say so

2、rry to your Mom，Dave.Id like to，but Im afraid she wont be happy with my _(apologize).3.(2015浙 江 卷)One of the most effective ways to reduce _(stressful)is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.4.(2015湖北卷)When he was running after his brother，the boy lost his _(balanced)and had a bad fall.5.(2

3、015安 徽 卷)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some _(think)and then let me know.答案1.adjustments句意：为了与国家足球改革相一致，一些学校将做出调整。固定表达make adjustments 做出调整。2.apology/apologies句意：去和你的妈妈说对不起，Dave。我想，但我怕妈妈不会接受我的道歉。作介词with的宾语和my的修饰语要用名词形式。3.stress句意：减少压力最有效的方法之一是与信任的人谈谈你的感受。作动词reduce的宾语要用名词形式，stre

4、ss压力，紧张，为不可数名词。4.balance句意：追赶哥哥时，小男孩失去了平衡，重重摔了一跤。作动词lose的宾语要用名词形式。lose his balance失去平衡。5.thought句意：现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。思考一下，然后让我知道。some后应跟名词，thought想法。.语境感悟根据提示，完成下列短文，然后朗读或背诵，在语境中体会名词的用法。Two _1_(月)ago，I had dinner at _2_(Mr.White)with two _3_(主编)and three _4_(英 雄).During the dinner，White talked a lot abo

5、ut his _5_(experience)in America，where he ran a _6_(magazine)store with his _7_(22岁的)son and they met with many difficulties.He gained his _8_(wealth)by printing works of famous writers.After the dinner，he made five _9_(tea)for us.In my view，I thought Mr.White focused too much on success because he

6、didnt want to be a _10_(fail).答案1.months名词的复数。2.Mr.Whites名词后加s表示住所或营业场所。3.editors-in-chief复合名词的复数形式的变化以核心名词为主。4.heroeshero，tomato，potato，negro以o结尾的名词复数加es。5.experiencesexperience表“经验”时是不可数名词；而表“经历”时，是可数名词。6.magazine名词作定语，表示类别。7.22-year-old复合名词作形容词时，核心名词无复数。8.wealth抽象名词无复数形式。9.teas物质名词转换为普通名词有复数形式。10

7、.failure抽象名词具体化表“失败的人”。.正反探究1.【误】There is fierce competition between the three shoes shops in the street.【正】There is fierce competition between the three shoe shops in the street.解析 此处指商店的性质，用名词的单数形式作定语。2.【误】He works in a child hospital.【正】He works in a childrens hospital解析有些名词作定语表示名词的适用范围时，习惯上用名词复数

8、的s 所有格形式。如：a childrens magazine(a magazine for children)；mens clothes(clothes for men)。3.【误】The manager has got a good business idea，so the company is doing well.【正】The manager has got a good business sense，so the company is doing well.解析idea 指对某件具体事物的看法或想法，显然不符合语境。Sense意识，感。4.【误】By all means，you mu

9、st try every mean to help him.【正】By all means，you must try every means to help him.解析means 是一个单复数同形的名词。换句话说，在表示“方式，方法”时，不存在 mean 这一形式(mean 主要用作动词，表示“意思是”；也可用作名词，表示“中间，中庸”)。means 用作主语时，其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。.考点确认一、可数名词的数1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化可数名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式词尾后加-s或-es，规则的复数构成形式如下：变化规则例词一般情况下在词尾直接加-stabletablespar

10、kparks以-s、-x、-ch、-sh结尾的名词在词尾加-esbusbuses boxboxeswishwisheswatchwatches以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词将-y变为-i再加-esfamilyfamiliesbutterflybutterfliesdictionarydictionaries以元音字母加-y结尾的名词在词尾直接加-sdaydays holidayholidays monkeymonkeys以-o结尾的名词一般在词尾加-sphotophotosradioradios有些在词尾加-espotatopotatoestomatotomatoes以-f或-fe结尾的名词一般变

11、-f或-fe为-v，再加-esknifekniveswifewiveslifelivesleafleaves少数直接加-sroofroofs beliefbeliefs2.有些名词复数形式不是以加s或es构成，它们的不规则构成形式如下：变化规则例词变内部元音manmenwomanwomenfootfeetmousemicegoosegeesetoothteeth词尾加-enoxoxenchildchildren单复数同形fish，sheep，deer，means(方式；方法)，series，Chinese，Swiss二、名词词形变化名词后缀意义例词-age抽象名词后缀，表示行为、状态、结果或总

12、称useusage用途shortshortage缺乏marrymarriage婚姻packpackage包裹-ance，-ence抽象名词后缀，表示性质、状态、行为、过程acceptacceptance接受performperformance表演existexistence存在occuroccurrence发生differdifference不同-ancy，-ency抽象名词后缀，表示性质和状态expectexpectancy期待tendtendency趋势，趋向emergentemergency紧急情况fluentfluency流利；流畅-dom表示状况或状态freefreedom自由wis

13、ewisdom智慧-er，-or表示“人，者”receivereceiver接受者，听筒carrycarrier携带者beginbeginner初学者directdirector主任operateoperator操作者-ian构成人称名词，表示“精通的人”techniquetechnician技术员-ication由动词变化而来的抽象名词，常义为“化”classifyclassification分类communicatecommunication交流-ics表示“学科”economiceconomics经济学physicphysics物理学-ion,-ation,-ition由动词构成的名词，

14、表示行为的过程、结果、状况，意为“行为；状态”produceproduction生产solutesolution解决方法organizeorganization组织；机构constructconstruction建设describedescription描述directdirection方向hesitatehesitation犹豫competecompetition竞争-ist构成人称名词，表示“从事研究者；信仰主义者”specialspecialist专家pianopianist钢琴家socialsocialist社会主义者-ity/ty抽象名词后缀，表示性质responsiblerespo

15、nsibility责任similarsimilarity相似-ment抽象名词后缀，表示行为、状态、过程或结果advertiseadvertisement广告developdevelopment发展movemovement动作；活动achieveachievement成就equipequipment设备improveimprovement改善-ness加在形容词后构成抽象名词，表示状态、性质和程度awareawareness意识calmcalmness冷静thickthickness厚度effectiveeffectiveness有效usefulusefulness有用-ship抽象名词后缀，表示状态relationrelationship关系membermembership成员资格friendfriendship友谊-th由形容词构成名词，表示动作、性质和状态deaddeath死亡warmwarmth温暖widewidth宽度truetruth真相-ure抽象名词后缀，表示行为和结果failfailure失败exposeexposure暴露presspressure压力