2022版新高考英语一轮复习课时提能练：24 法律常识与法律意识等 WORD版含解析.doc

1、课时提能练(二十四).阅读理解AThe United States Congress is responsible for making and approving federal lawsrules that everyone in the country must follow. But exactly how do those laws get made? The process is not easy, and it takes a long time.A law begins when someone puts forward an idea. The idea can come f

2、rom anyone, but it has to get to a US. lawmaker who wants it to become legislation(法律)In time, the idea is further developed into a written proposal, called a bill.Then, a member of Congress officially proposes the bill. After the bill is introduced, it is sent to a small group of lawmakers, called

3、a “committee”. Sometimes committee members seek more information about the proposal by holding hearings. Sometimes the committee changes the bill. Sometimes it decides not to take any action. In that case，we say lawmakers “table” the bill, or let it “die in the committee”But now and then, the bill i

4、s offered to lawmakers not on the committee. Those lawmakers debate the bill further. They might change the bill again. Finally, the full House or Senate votes on the bill. If it does not earn the majority of votes, the bill does not advance.Finally, the agreedupon bill is sent to the president. If

5、the president signs it, the bill becomes a law. If the president does nothing and Congress is officially meeting, the bill becomes a law.But if the president does nothing and Congress is not in session, the bill does not pass. Or the president can officially reject the bill.If that happens，the bill

6、is not stopped. Instead, it is returned to both the Senate and the House. If twothirds of the senators and twothirds of the House members approve the bill once again, even with the president objecting, they turn the bill into a law.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了美国法律的制定过程。1Who is the first to propose a bill?AA lawyer

7、.BA citizen.CA member of Congress.DA committee member.C细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Then，a member of Congress officially proposes the bill.”可知，第一个提出议案的人是国会成员。故选C。2When does a bill finally become a law?AAfter it is sent to a committee.BWhen the president signs it.CAfter it returns to the Congress.DWhile Congress i

8、s not in session.B细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“If the president signs it，the bill becomes a law.”可知，如果总统签署了一致同意的议案，那么该议案就成了一项法律。3What can be inferred from the text?ANot every bill can be turned into a law.BAnybody can put forward a proposal.CIf “tabled”，the bill has to be voted on.DOnce proposed，the bill cant be

9、 changed.A推理判断题。根据对全文的整体理解，尤其是根据最后三段的内容可知，一项议案最终变成一项法律需要走很多程序，在这些程序中议案有可能被搁置或被否决，由此可推知，并不是每一项提案都会变成一项法律。B(2020成都市诊断性检测)Over 2.5 quintillion bytes of data are created each day. Many of them consist of information that would allow people to be personally identified.At the same time that we share our p

10、ersonal information，there is a growing concern with how that information is being gathered, stored, used and shared. While many economies like Canada and the EU have privacy laws dating back to the mid1990s, changes to data practices in the past five years have motivated governments to review or upd

11、ate existing laws.Changes to privacy laws are being fuelled by growing public concerns with the idea of unrestricted data accumulation and use.For instance, earlier this year, the World Economic Forum found that 1/3 of global citizens have no idea about how their personal information is used and tha

12、t trust is lacking.Privacy laws are changing to deal with the real and noticed risks of harm which result from the underregulated or unregulated data economy. The EU has introduced big reform to laws which are aimed at protecting privacy. The EUs General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR) introduced s

13、trict requirements for those that control or process the personal data of the people who live in the EU. The GDPRs stated goals focus on the protection and basic rights of personal information.Certain US states are also entering the group in the fight for control over personal data.They have passed

14、or are actively considering privacy laws.California is out front.The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) provides greater control to individuals over their personal information. There is a sense that privacy laws are on the horizon in the US.These are two examples that are actively pursuing more

15、progressive privacy laws.One important consideration is to harmonize global standards for best law practices. This will ease compliance (遵从) across the border and provide a valuable signal to the public that governments are keeping pace with rapid change.【语篇解读】本文主要讲了公众对不受限制地积累和使用个人数据日益感到担忧，这推动了隐私法的变

16、化，欧盟和美国的一些州为此颁布了法律条例。4Whats the cause of the change of privacy laws?AA growing need for information.BPublic concerns over data security.CGeneral awareness of data control.DCollection of personal information.B细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“Changes to privacy laws are being fuelled by growing public concerns with th

17、e idea of unrestricted data accumulation and use.”可知，隐私法变化的原因是公众对个人数据安全的担忧，故B项正确。5How does Paragraph 4 develop?ABy giving examples.BBy listing statistics.CBy analyzing reasons.DBy making comparisons.A写作手法题。根据第四段的第一句可知，隐私法正在改变以解决实际的和被注意到的损害风险，该段接着又分别举了欧盟和美国加利福尼亚州颁布法律条例来增强隐私保护的例子来说明第一句表述的内容，故A项正确。6Wha

18、t is an important consideration for global law makers?AThe practice of laws in different fields.BThe reflection of reality in different eras.CThe consistency of laws in different regions.DThe adaptation to changes in different societies.C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“One important consideration is to harmonize glo

19、bal standards for best law practices.”可知，一个重要的考虑因素是为了最佳的法律实践而统一全球标准，即不同地区法律的一致性。故C项正确。7What is the passage mainly about?AEU passes new laws for privacy protection.BGovernments ignore the violation of personal privacy.CPrivacy laws are changing to protect personal information.DPeople lack the awarene

20、ss of personal information protection.C主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了公众对不受限制地积累和使用数据的担忧推动了隐私法的改变，又分别举了欧盟和美国加利福尼亚州颁布法律条例来增强隐私保护的例子，故C项正确。.完形填空Sitting at a table in my school cafeteria，I looked around, slowly taking in everything.Student after student passed my 1 carrying that days lunch, but if you looked deeper, the

21、re was more to 2 .There was more than just the uniform they were wearing，or the way they had styled their hair that day. There was a lot more hidden under the 3 .Catching the eye of a girl in my grade sitting at a nearby table，I waved politely. She smiled 4 and then continued to pick at the spaghett

22、i in front of her.If I hadnt 5 recently that her mother was dying of leukemia，I would have never 6 anything was wrong and I may not have been as 7 and sympathetic，either. It suddenly 8 me that we judge others too quickly without knowing the whole story.I have an incurable lung disease. No one at our

23、 school knowsI dont show any noticeable 9 except for a few coughs here and there. I go about my day like any other kid， 10 with the realization that I have a 11 and terrifying future.Before that day when I decided to 12 the world with a new perspective, I 13 myself almost every day. I thought only a

24、bout myself and my heavy 14 .But Ive now realized no one is 15 we just need to accept the way we are.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了作者观察生活并进行反思的故事，启迪读者要正确看待生活中的不幸。1A.orderBroomCtableDcafeteriaC与上文“Sitting at a table in my school cafeteria”呼应可知，此处指的是学生们路过作者所坐的餐桌(table)，故选C。2A.observeBimagine CcompareDexchangeA与上文中的“bu

25、t if you looked deeper”呼应可推知，此处表示作者认为有更多有待观察(observe)的东西。3A.surfaceBuniformCrulesDcircumstancesA根据常识可知，学生的制服和发型都是外在的东西，且空处与下文中的“we judge others too quickly without knowing the whole story”呼应，故选A。4A.casuallyBweakly ChappilyDimpatientlyB与下文“her mother was dying of leukemia”呼应可推知，女孩因为母亲去世而勉强地(weakly)对作

26、者笑了笑。5A.foundBnoticed CheardDdecidedC根据语境可推知，作者听说(heard)了这个女孩家里的不幸。6A.suspectedBrememberedCpredictedDregrettedA根据语境可推知，作者本不会觉得(suspected)有什么不正常的。7A.outstandingBwillingCdemandingDunderstandingD与下文中的“sympathetic”呼应可推知，作者对对方表示谅解(understanding)和同情，故选D。8A.escapedBsatisfied ChitDattractedC根据语境可知，此处表示作者突然意

27、识到，我们在不知道整个故事的情况下迅速对其他人作出评价，故选C。hit意为“使突然意识到”。9A.symptomsBdiseasesCcomplaintsDweaknessesA根据语境及下文中的“except for a few coughs”可推知，此处指的是一些不为人注意的症状(symptoms)。10A.andBbut CorDsoB根据语境可推知，前后两句是逻辑上的转折关系，故选B。11A.brightBdark CrealDseriousB根据“terrifying”可推知，此处表示因为难以治愈的疾病，作者的前途变得黑暗(dark)，故选B。12A.changeBcreate Cv

28、iewDtolerateC根据上文中的“looked around”和“looked deeper”可推知，作者一直在观察生活，而在那天之后作者以一种新角度看待(view)世界，故选C。13A.pitiedBforgaveCchallengedDencouragedA根据语境及下文中的“I thought only about myself and my heavy _”可推知，作者曾经因为自己的病而怜悯自己，故选A。14A.debtBreward CburdenDworkloadC根据语境及空前的“heavy”可推知，不可治愈的病是作者沉重的负担(burden)，故选C。15A.change

29、ableBperfectCuniqueDdifferentB根据语境可推知，每个人都不完美，我们只是需要接受自己原本的样子，故选B。.语法填空(2020沈阳市教学质量监测)Eating and drinking on the subway has long been a controversial issue in China. While many have felt a sharp annoyance 1._ the sight and scent of food in subway cars, quite a few also support the right to chew 2._(

30、noisy) on snacks during the trip to work or school.The debate recently arrived at 3._(it) final destination when Ministry of Transport of the Peoples Republic of China introduced a new regulation last week that bans passengers nationwide, with the exception of 4._(baby) and people with certain medic

31、al conditions, from eating or drinking in subway cars.The policy 5._(schedule) to take effect on April 1 along with some new conduct rules that will forbid subway riders from playing music or videos on speakers, or 6._(lie) down on seats.Zhang Han, 7._ 18yearold girl, recalled that a female passenge

32、r was seen recently on a subway in Nanjing 8._(fine) for eating sugarcoated haws, a traditional street food.“At first, I felt sorry for the girl，” she said. “Most people were simply 9._(aware) of such a food ban before.”Now that a national ban is in the pipeline, she said she supported the idea. “Th

33、e subway car is a public space.No food should be allowed，10._ or not it gives off a strong smell.”【语篇解读】本文介绍了一项针对地铁车厢里乘客吃喝问题的规定在全国各地将禁止除了婴儿和患病人群之外的乘客在车厢里吃喝玩乐，并讲述了一个18岁的女孩对此规定的看法。1at考查介词。此处表示对看到地铁车厢里有人吃东西表示厌烦，故用介词at。at the sight of表示“看到”，是固定用法。2noisily考查副词。此处应用副词noisily修饰动词chew。3its考查代词。此处指关于这个问题的争论最

34、近有了最终结果。此处应用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词destination。4babies考查名词的单复数。此处指在全国各地将禁止除了婴儿和患病人群之外的乘客在车厢里吃喝，根据语境可知，此处指的婴儿不止一个，故应用名词的复数形式。5is scheduled考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处指这项规定预计在4月1号生效，为对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；又主语The policy与schedule之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语为单数，故填is scheduled。6lying考查非谓语动词。此处和该句中的playing并列，作介词from的宾语，应用动名词形式lying，指禁止乘客躺在座位

35、上。7an考查冠词。此处泛指一个18岁的女孩，且18yearold的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。8fined考查固定用法。此处表示一位女乘客被看见罚款了，考查固定用法see sb. done的被动形式sb.be seen done，故填fined。9unaware考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示大多数人之前确实不知道这个食物禁令，故填unaware“不知道”。10whether考查状语从句。句意：不应允许在地铁车厢里面吃东西，无论它是否散发出强烈的气味。故填whether。.应用文写作(2020青岛市诊断检测)假定你是李华，你校近期成立了“孔子思想”网上俱乐部(Confuciani

36、sm online club)。你的朋友Tom对中国文化很感兴趣，请你给他写一封邮件，邀请他加入该俱乐部。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】Dear Tom，Learning that you take great interest in Chinese traditional culture, Im writing to invite you to join the Confucianism online club.Set up by our school recently, the club is a platform where Chinese cu

37、lture lovers and learners can have a better knowledge of the culture and share their own views with each other. Therefore, I think its a good chance for you to explore the charm of Confucianism. Otherwise, the club will provide free materials about Confucianism.Looking forward to your active partici

38、pation.Yours，Li Hua.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。(2020浙江省名校协作体联考)Perhaps youve heard the old saying “Curiosity killed the cat.” Its a phrase thats often used to warn peopleespecially childrennot to ask too many questions. Yet its widely agreed that curiosity actually makes learning more effective.

39、In fact, research has shown that curiosity is just as important as intelligence in determining how well students do in school.Curiosity can also lead us to make unexpected discoveries，bring excitement into our lives, and open up new possibilities. In science, basic curiositydriven research can have

40、unexpected important benefits.For example, one day in 1831, Michael Faraday was playing around with a coil and a magnet when he suddenly saw how he could produce an electrical current. At first, it wasnt clear what use this would have, but it actually made electricity available for use in technology

41、, and so changed the world.However, curiosity is currently under the biggest threat, coming from technology. On the one hand, this is because technology has become so advanced that many of us are unable to think too deeply about how exactly things work any more. While it may be possible for a curiou

42、s teenager to take a toaster apart and get some sense of how it works, how much do you understand about what happens when you type a website address into a browser? Where does your grasp of technology end and the magic begin?In addition to this, theres the fact that we all now connect so deeply with

43、 technology, particularly with our phones. The more we stare at our screens, the less we talk to other people directly. All too often we accept the images of people that social media provides us with. Then we feel we know enough about a person and dont need to engage further with them.That means we

44、end up inside our own little bubbles, no longer coming up with new ideas. Perhaps the real key to developing curiosity in the 21st century，then，is to rely less on the tech tools of our age._【参考范文】Curiosity，as is revealed in research，is vital to students good academic performance.(要点1)It also activat

45、es many scientific discoveries of unexpected benefits.(要点2)However，uptodate technology is now killing curiosity，by hindering our capability to further explore how things go on.(要点3) Additionally，intimate exposure to technology，phones in particular，will mislead us into accepting peoples virtual images online rather than have a deep insight into them.(要点4)Therefore，to encourage curiosity，dont depend on technology excessively.(要点5)