（新教材同步系列）2024春高中英语 Unit 1 Science Fiction Period 2 Learning About Language课件 新人教版选择性必修第四册.ppt

1、UNIT 1SCIENCE FICTIONPeriod TwoLearning About Language课前自主预习.猜词意A女主席；女董事长；女委员长B计算；核算；预测C面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉D活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)E售货员；推销员1The International Convention Centre is the venue for a three-day arts festival.()2If the dough is sticky，add more flour.()3 She is the chairwoman of the department of human gene

2、tics at the University of Chicago.()【答案】1D2C3A4Conservationists(自然资源保护主义者)calculate that hundreds of species could be lost in this area.()5Mr Singh was a highly successful salesman who worked in a supermarket.()【答案】4B5E.猜单词拼写1week n周；星期_ adj.每周的 n周刊(参考：annualannually)2calculate vt.计算；预测_ n计算；预测(参考：c

3、reatecreation)【答案】1weekly2calculation.预备语法(被动语态)指出黑体部分是什么类型的被动形式1All the work has been finished by now.()2Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human，and it was disturbing.()【答案】1现在完成时的被动形式2过去进行时的被动形式3Some words and phrases are often used to compare and contrast information.()4It

4、is an honour to be invited to speak here.()5Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistakes.()【答案】3一般现在时的被动形式4不定式的被动形式5现在完成时的被动形式课堂新知讲练1rumour n谣言；传闻(P4)Rumours are like sharp knives，cutting ones self-respect into pieces.【翻译】谣言就像锋利的刀子，把人的自尊切成碎片。词汇拓讲rumour of/about sth.有关某事的传闻/谣言start

5、/spread a rumour制造/散布谣言Rumour has it that.有传闻说【用法详解】Rumour has it that he was murdered.有传闻说他被杀了。Many of the stories are based on rumour.这些说法很多都是道听途说。针对练习完成句子(1)_(有传闻说)Mr Li will be appointed headmaster of our school.(2)It is not right for you to _(传播这些谣言).(3)There are different _(有关这次事故的传闻).【答案】(1)R

6、umour has it that(2)spread those rumours (3)rumours about the accident2presume vt.&vi.假定；假设(P4)Whoever is charged with a crime should be presumedinnocent until proven otherwise.【翻译】任何被指控犯罪的人都应该被假定为无罪，直到有其他证明。I presume so.我想是吧。presumethat 从句 假定/推定presume sb./sth.to be.猜想某人/某物是presume sb./sth.adj.猜想某人

7、/某物是It is presumed that.有人认为【用法详解】I presumed him to be her husband.我料想他就是她丈夫。They are very expensive，I presume.我想，他们是很贵的。针对练习单句语法填空(1)I presume _ Mrs Li has heard something about the event.(2)Many people presume the examination _(be)quite difficult.【答案】(1)that或/(2)to be(3)We must presume the suspect

8、 _(innocence)first.(4)_ is presumed that another snowstorm will strike our city soon.【答案】(3)innocent(4)It3on a.basis根据；以的方式(基准)(P4)money paid for work or services，typically on a daily or weekly basis【翻译】为工作或服务所支付的钱，通常以一天或一周为基准on a daily basis每天；每日on a weekly basis每周on a monthly basis每月on a yearly ba

9、sis每年【用法详解】She goes back to see her parents on a weekly basis.她每周回去看望父母一次。针对练习翻译句子(1)她每天都写日记。_(2)我们每个月考试一次。_【答案】(1)She keeps diary on a daily basis.(2)We have an examination on a monthly basis.4calculate vt.计算；核算；预测(P4)They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us，we will h

10、ave more time for creating，thinking，and“being human”【翻译】他们相信，如果人工智能能够为我们处理计算和驾驶等任务，我们将有更多的时间去创造、思考和“成为人类”。calculaten./pron./从句be calculated to do 旨在；用意在于；打算(做)；适于(做)calculate sb./sth.to do sth.估计某人/物将会做某事【用法详解】Ill calculate what it will cost.我要估计一下那要花多少钱。The scientist could not calculate when the sp

11、aceship would reach Jupiter.那位科学家没有算出那艘宇宙飞船什么时候会到达木星。针对练习单句语法填空(1)Emotional people dont stop _(calculate).(2)Li Ming calculates _(go)on a trip next week.(3)It _(calculate)that the bridge will be completed in two weeks.(4)I calculated _ the trip would take two days.【答案】(1)to calculate(2)to go(3)is ca

12、lculated(4)that1(P4)She has been interviewed many times，appeared on the covers of magazines，and become the first non-human in the world to be given citizenship by a country.【翻译】她多次接受采访，登上杂志封面，成为世界上第一个获得国家公民身份的非人类。【句式剖析】“to be given citizenship”是动词不定式短语，在句中作后置定语，修饰前面的名词non-human。句式解读【归纳拓展】(1)动词不定式作定语

13、要放在所修饰的名词或者代词的后面。(2)有很多名词常可用不定式作定语。常见的有ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。(3)如果不定式是一个不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时，不定式后面要有必要的介词。(4)当名词被first，second等序数词以及形容词的最高级或者last，only等修饰时，其后常用不定式作后置定语。(5)不定式作定语一般表示将来。Mr Li bought a comfortable flat t

14、o live in.李先生买了一套舒适的公寓居住。He is the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最好人选。I must keep the promise to pay within a month.我必须遵守在一个月之内偿付的诺言。针对练习单句语法填空(1)Mr Brown is always the first person _(arrive)at the office.(2)Few people made the attempt _(pick)up the rubbish around the dustbin.【答案】(1)to arrive(2)to

15、pick(3)We had to find a comfortable hotel to stay _ first.(4)Mary is always the last person _(ask)for help from others.【答案】(3)in(4)to ask2(P4)When it comes to games，2017 became a year in which AI defeated humans in so many games that AI researchers say that it will not be long before AI can win at a

16、lmost everything.【翻译】当谈到游戏，2017年是人工智能在众多游戏中击败人类的一年。人工智能研究人员表示，用不了多久人工智能就会赢得几乎所有的游戏。【句式剖析】本句中的before引导一个时间状语从句，但不译成“在之前”，而应译为“(过多久之后)才”。【归纳拓展】before用作连词，引导时间状语从句，除了表示“在之前”以外，还可以表示“(之后)才；(不多久)就；不等就”。(1)It wont be.before.用不了多长时间就会(before从句用一般现在时)(2)It will be.before.得过多久才(before从句用一般现在时)(3)It wasnt.bef

17、ore.没过多长时间就(before从句用一般过去时)(4)It was.before.过了多长时间才(before从句用一般过去时)It was not long before I tracked down the lost wallet.不久我就找到了遗失的钱包。It will be half a year before you graduate from this school.半年后你才能从这所学校毕业。针对练习单句语法填空(1)Lets clean down the board _ we paint it.(2)It _(be)two years before we know whe

18、ther it is effective.(3)Before we _(walk)five miles，Anne complained of sore feet.(4)Put that glass cup away before it _(get)broken.【答案】(1)before(2)will be(3)walked/had walked(4)gets突破语法观察领悟【例句观察】1Lots of trees are planted in the park every spring.2They were punished by their boss last week.3The old

19、bridge has been pulled down.4All the cars have been sold out so far.5The fire had been put out before the firemen arrived.6The two sick villagers had been sent to the hospital before I got there.7I think my dream will soon be turned into reality in the future.8Such rude behaviour must be criticised9

20、All the lights should be turned off before you leave the office.【我的领悟】1句1、句2都是一般时态，其被动语态的构成是：be_。其中的动词be根据动作发生的_和句子的主语确定其形式。2句3、句4都是_(时)态。其被动结构的构成是：has/have_过去分词。3句5、句6都是_(时)态。其被动结构的构成是：_过去分词。其中的助动词had没有人称和数的变化。4句7是_(时)态。其被动结构的构成是：_过去分词。5句8、句9都是含有情态动词的句子。这时，其被动句的构成是：_。Keys：1过去分词；时间2现在完成时；been3过去完成时；

21、had；been4一般将来时；will be5情态动词；be；过去分词被动语态(The Passive Voice)一、常见时态的被动句的构成：时态被动语态形式例句一般现在时am/is/are doneAll the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home.一般过去时was/were doneThe heros story was reported differently in the newspapers.时态被动语态形式例句一般将来时shall/will be done或am/is/are goi

22、ng to be doneHundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory is closed.The task is going to be completed by a group of children.过去将来时would be done或was/were going to be doneThe child was disappointed to hear that he would not be taken to the air show.时态被动语态形式例句现在进行时 am/is/are being doneA new trade centr

23、e is being built here.过去进行时 was/were being doneA meeting was being held when I got there.现在完成时 have/has been doneThe window is dirty.I know.It hasnt been cleaned for weeks.时态被动语态形式例句过去完成时had been doneBy the end of last year，another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.将来完成时will have been done

24、All the construction work will have been completed by the end of 2028二、主动句改为被动句被动语态是历年来高考的重要考点之一。将主动语态改为被动语态时，请牢记“一变、二套、三注意”。“一变”：变主动为被动或变被动为主动时，把原句的主语和宾语互换，注意被动语态的构成“be过去分词”。We grew a tree yesterday.A tree was grown yesterday by us.“二套”：被动语态的构成为“be过去分词”。在不同的时态中，过去分词保持不变，而be动词随着时态有不同的变化，如：am/is/are(

25、一 般 现 在 时)；was/were(一 般 过 去 时)；have/has been(现在完成时)；am/is/are being(现在进行时)等。若含有情态动词，则用“情态动词be过去分词”结构。The pen has been found by me.钢笔已经被我找到了。Homework must be finished first.必须要先完成家庭作业。The flowers are being watered by them.他们正在浇花。“三注意”：句中含有双宾语(如give/buy sb.sth.)时，一般要把间接宾语(sb.)变成被动句的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变成主语

26、，则在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。常用介词to的动词有：give，show，pass，hand，lend，send等；常用介词for的动词有borrow，buy，make等。The eraser was passed to me at last.最后，橡皮被传递给了我。A new toy was bought for me as my birthday present by him.他给我买了一个玩具，作为我的生日礼物。主动句中，谓语是含有介词或副词的动词短语，变为被动句时，介词或副词不能省略。常见的词组有：listen to，take care of，pay attention to 等

27、。We often talk with the old politely.The old are often talked with politely by us.主动句中作宾补的不带to的动词不定式，变被动时要加上to。常见的词组有：hear/see sb.do sth.，make sb.do sth.等。We make the boy stand outside.The boy was made to stand outside by us.三、被动语态的特殊结构形式1当“动词宾语宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，要将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Someone caught the

28、boy smoking a cigarette.The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.2在使役动词have，make，get以及感官动词see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe等后面，不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，这个不定式要加上to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.A stranger was seen to walk into the building.3有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”“动词副词”等，也可以用于被

29、动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。The meeting is to be put off till Friday.4非谓语动词的被动语态。动词-ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。I dont like being laughed at in the public.The president will get the letter to be typed.5“It is said that从句”及其他类似句型：一些表示“据说”或“相信”等意义的动词如believe，consider，expect，report，say，su

30、ppose，think等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth.”。It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.The boy is said to have passed the national exam.6谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义。(1)英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是物。This kind of cl

31、oth washes well.注意：主动语态表示被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock.(指门本身有故障)The door wont be locked.(指不会有人来锁门，指“门没有锁”是人的原因)(2)表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如happen，last，take place，break out，come out，come about，come true，run out，give out，turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。How do the newspapers come out?(3)系动词没有被动形

32、式，但有些表示感受、感官的系动词feel，sound，taste，look，feel等在“主系表”结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。Your reason sounds reasonable.7非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义。在某些句型中可用动词的-ing形式或不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。(1)在need，want，require，bear等词的后面，动词的-ing形式用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing(to be repaired).(2)形容词worth后面跟动词的-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，但不能跟动词不

33、定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。The picture-book is well worth reading.The picture-book is very worthy to be read.(3)动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.(to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系)试比较：Ill go to the post office.Do you have a letter to be p

34、osted？(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者)(4)在某些“形容词不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有：nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。This problem is difficult to work out.(可看作to work out省略了for me)(5)在“too.to.”结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。This b

35、ook is too expensive(for me)to buy.(6)在“There be.”句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动形式作定语，重点在人；用被动形式作定语，重点在物。There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，主语是谁则不明确)8介词in，on，under等接名词构成介词短语表示被动意义。表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动意义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。(1)“under名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的

36、有：under control(受控制)，under treatment(在治疗中)，under repair(在 修 理 中)，under discussion(在 讨 论 中)，under construction(在建设中)等。The great building is under construction(is being constructed).(2)“beyond名词”结构，表示“出乎；胜过；范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief(令人难以置信)，beyond ones reach(鞭长莫及)，beyond ones control(无法控制)，beyond hope

37、(毫无希望)等。The rumour is beyond belief(cant be believed).(3)“above名词”结构，表示“(品质、行为、能力等)超过；高于”。His honest character is above all praise.His honest character cannot be praised enough.(4)“for名词”结构，表示“适于；为着”，如：for sale(出售)，for rent(出租)等。That house is for sale.(That house is to be sold.)(5)“in名词”结构，表示“在过程中或范

38、围内”。常见的有：in print(在印刷中)，in sight(在视野范围内)等。The book is not yet in print(is not yet printed).(6)“on名词”结构，表示“在从事中”。常见的有：on sale(出售)，on show(展出)，on trial(受审)等。Today some treasures are on show in the museum(are being showed).(7)“out of名词”结构，表示“超出 之外”。类似的有：out of control(控制不了)，out of sight(超出视线之外)，out of

39、ones reach(够不着)，out of fashion(不流行)等。The plane was out of control(cant be controlled).9被动语态与系表结构的区别。当“be过去分词”用作被动语态时，表示主语承受的动作；但用作系表结构时，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：(1)如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者时，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。The glass is broken.(系表结构)The glass was broken by the boy.(被动语态)(2)如果句中有地点、频

40、率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。The door is locked.(系表结构)The door has already/just been locked.(被动语态)(3)被动语态可用于各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be通常只有一般时态和完成时态。The machine is being repaired.针对练习.改写句子在句子空白处填上适当的单词，使改写后的句子在含义上与原句相同或相近。每空限填一词。1The police caught the thief at the station last night.The thief _ _ by the police at the stat

41、ion last night.【答案】1was caught2When will you hand in your homework?When _ your homework _ _ _？3You must finish your homework first.Your homework _ _ _ first.【答案】2will；be handed in3must be finished4My mother has bought me a toy car.A toy car _ _ _ _ me by my mother.5Tom looks after his father very we

42、ll.His father _ _ _ very well by Tom.【答案】4has been bought for5is looked after6I saw him cross the road just now.He _ _ _ _ the road by me just now.7The workers are pulling down the old houses now.The old houses _ _ _down by the workers now.【答案】6was seen to cross7are being pulled.单句语法填空1If it hadnt b

43、een for the PLA soldier，the boy _(drown)in the river yesterday.2It _(say)that another bridge will be built over the river.3All kinds of trees _(plant)on the hill every spring so as to make the hill beautiful.【答案】1would have been drowned2is said3are planted4Good care must _(take)of the children in ou

44、r school.5Have you checked all the machines _(send)to Tibet next month?6For three hours we waited for the decision，only _(tell)to come again the next day.【答案】4be taken5to be sent6to be told7The building _(build)in our school is for our teachers.Its to be completed by the end of next year.8He is said

45、 _(treat)badly in the supermarket when he was doing his shopping yesterday.9A big cat was seen _(steal)into the house from the window just now.【答案】7being built8to have been treated9to steal10A girl is heard _(sing)in the next room at this time.11The boy was caught _(cheat)in the examination last wee

46、k.12I really hate _(call)a fool，especially in public.13It _(report)that another new school will be set up in our city.【答案】10singing11cheating12being called13is reported14This kind of clothes _(wash)easily.15A big fire _(break)out in that factory last night.16The wall looks old and it needs _(paint).

47、17The president has a report _(type).He will need it tomorrow.【答案】14washes15broke16to be painted/painting17to be typed18Your car is still _ repair.And it will be ready in fifteen minutes.19The film is really worth _(see).20This novel is worthy of _(read)a second time.【答案】18under19seeing20being read随

48、堂知能小练.单词拼写1This _(传闻)has been spread far and wide，making it known throughout the city.2It is _(预测)that another high speed railway will go through our city.3You dont have to pay for the _(车费)because it is included in the travel price.【答案】1rumour2calculated/predicted3fare4We have a _(每周一次的)English exa

49、mination at school.5Everybody has to be _(假定)innocent before he is proven guilty.6The _(女主席)will pay a visit to the island country next month.【答案】4weekly5presumed6chairwoman7Many students are not aware that bread is made from _(面粉).8The Childrens Palace will be the _(活动场地)for the sports meet next we

50、ek.9These people look so strange that many people regard them as _(外星人).10His father works as a _(售货员)in the supermarket near his home.【答案】7flour8venue9aliens10salesman.短语填空in a hurry，be aware of，be charged with，on a daily basis，be regarded as，set up，be adapted into，be admitted to，attract the attent

51、ion of，be caught up1The writer _ a representative of the youth of her generation.【答案】1is regarded as2The thief ran fast forward，but the police ran even faster and soon the thief _3Her dancing also _ French poets and painters of the period，for it appealed to their liking for mystery，their belief in a

52、rt for arts sake.【答案】2was caught up3attracted the attention of4The main reasons for city dwellers(居民)to commute _ is not just for work but also for study，business，shopping and their social life.5His brother _ Beijing University last year，of which his family was very proud.【答案】4on a daily basis5was a

53、dmitted to6The young man _ a crime and was proven guilty in the court.7Thats including me and thats why I went into the subject in the first place because I _ how little I really know of this.【答案】6was charged with7was aware of8It is reported that the novel written by his father will _ a film.9Anothe

54、r new school will be _ in our city to meet the increasing demand.10Mr Brown went out _ after he received a phone call，leaving the door open.【答案】8be adapted into9set up10in a hurry.课文原句填空1 Rumours are like sharp knives，_ ones self-respect _谣言就像锋利的刀子，把人的自尊切成碎片。2Whoever _ a crime should be presumed inn

55、ocent until proven otherwise.任何被指控犯罪的人都应该被假定为无罪，直到有其他证明。【答案】1cutting；into pieces2is charged with3She has been interviewed many times，appeared on the covers of magazines，and become the first non-human in the world _ citizenship by a country.她多次接受采访，登上杂志封面，成为世界上第一个获得国家公民身份的非人类。【答案】3to be given4When it comes to games，2017 became a year _ AI defeated humans in so many games that AI researchers say that _ AI can win at almost everything.当谈到游戏，2017年是人工智能在众多游戏中击败人类的一年。人工智能研究人员表示，用不了多久人工智能就会赢得几乎所有的游戏。【答案】4in which；it will not be long before