2021版高考英语一轮基础练 补上一课：动词形式变化规则（含解析）新人教版.doc

1、补上一课: 动词形式变化规则一、动词四种形式变化规则一览表动词第三人称单数现在分词过去式和过去分词一般规则加-s加-ing加-ed其他规则原形动词词尾为“ch, sh, o, s, x”, 加“-es”。如: fixfixes; teachteaches; washwashes原形动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”时, 去“y”后加“-ies”, 若是“元音字母+y”, 只加“-s”。 如: studystudies ; saysays 原形动词以不发音的“-e”结尾时, 去“-e”后+“-ing”。如: liveliving; makemaking; see seeing; be being原形动词

2、词尾为“-ie”时, 先把“-ie”改为“-y”后+“-ing”。 如: lielying; diedying; tietying 原形动词词尾为“元音+l, r”并为重读音节时, 常重复词尾后再加“-ing”。如: traveltravelling/traveling; prefer preferring; referreferring。 原形动词以“辅元辅”结尾, 且为重读闭音节, 先双写最后一个辅音字母后再+“-ing”(字母组合除外)。如: planplanning; getgetting; stopstopping。注意: show, grow, draw, blow, know,

3、flow等不用双写。 原形动词词尾为“e”时, 加“-d”。如 livelived; like liked原形动词词尾为“辅音字母+y”时, 去“-y”后加“-ied”, 若是词尾为“元音字母+y”, 只加“-ed”。如: studystudied; playplayed原形动词词尾为“元音+l, r”并为重读音节时, 常双写词尾后再加“-ed”。 如: preferpreferred原形动词以“辅元辅”结尾, 且为重读闭音节, 先双写最后一个辅音字母后再+“-ed”。如: chatchatted; begbegged; stopstopped二、动词过去式和过去分词不规则变化1. AAA型动

4、词原形过去式过去分词betbetbetbroadcastbroadcastbroadcastbidbid/badebid/biddenburstburstburstcastcastcastcostcostcostcutcutcutforecastforecast/ forecastedforecast/ forecastedhithithithurthurthurtknitknit/ knittedknit/knittedletletletputputputquitquit/ quittedquit/quittedreadreadreadridridridsetsetsetshutshutsh

5、utspit美式spit/spat英式美式spit/spat英式splitsplitsplitspreadspreadspreadsweatsweat/ sweatedsweat/ sweatedthrustthrustthrustupsetupsetupsetwedwed/ weddedwed/ weddedwetwet/ wettedwet/wetted2. AAB型动词原形过去式过去分词beatbeatbeaten3. ABA型动词原形过去式过去分词comecamecomebecomebecamebecomeovercomeovercameovercomerunranrun4. ABB型

6、(1)在原形动词后面加字母ed或字母d或t构成过去式、过去分词动词原形过去式过去分词hearheardheardburnburnt/burnedburnt/burnedlearnlearnt/ learnedlearnt/ learneddreamdreamt/ dreameddreamt/ dreamedmeanmeantmeantleanleant/ leanedleant/ leanedleapleapt/ leapedleapt/ leapedspoilspoilt/ spoiledspoilt/ spoileddealdealtdealt(2)把原形动词的最后一个辅音字母d改成t动词

7、原形过去式过去分词buildbuiltbuiltrebuildrebuiltrebuiltlendlentlentsendsentsentspendspentspentbendbentbent(3)原动词中有a则改为aught, 无a则改为ought动词原形过去式过去分词catchcaughtcaughtteachtaughttaughtbuyboughtboughtbringbroughtbroughtfightfoughtfoughtseeksoughtsoughtthinkthoughtthought(4)把eel、ell改成elt动词原形过去式过去分词feelfeltfeltkneel

8、kneltkneltsmellsmeltsmeltspellspeltspelt(5)去掉一个e或去掉一个a或去掉一个o动词原形过去式过去分词feedfedfedmeetmetmetspeedsped/speededsped/speededbleedbledbledbreedbredbredleadledledmisleadmisledmisledshootshotshot(6)改变元音字母(a或i变为u; i或e变为o; 把o变为e; 把i变为a)动词原形过去式过去分词digdugdughanghunghungspinspunspunspringsprung美式sprang英式sprungs

9、tickstuckstuckstingstungstungswingswungswungshineshoneshonewinwonwongetgotgotholdheldheldsitsatsat(7)eep变为ept动词原形过去式过去分词keepkeptkeptsleepsleptsleptoversleepoversleptoversleptcreepcreptcreptweepweptweptsweepsweptswept(8)ay变为aid, ell变为old, and变为ood, ind变为ound 动词原形过去式过去分词paypaidpaidrepayrepaidrepaidlay

10、laidlaidsaysaidsaidsellsoldsoldtelltoldtoldretellretoldretoldforetellforetoldforetoldstandstoodstoodunderstandunderstoodunderstoodmisunderstandmisunderstoodmisunderstoodfindfoundfoundwindwoundwound(9)其他动词原形过去式过去分词bitebitbittenblessblessedblessedhavehadhadleaveleftleftlightlit/lightedlit/lightedlosel

11、ostlostmakemademadeslideslidslidspillspilled/spiltspilled/spilt5. ABC型(1)原形动词后+n或en构成过去分词动词原形过去式过去分词taketooktakenovertakeovertookovertakenmistakemistookmistakenundertakeundertookundertakenshaveshavedshaven/shavedsawsawedsawn/sawedsowsowedsown/sowedshakeshookshakenseesawseenforeseeforesawforeseeneata

12、teeatenfallfellfallengivegavegivenforgiveforgaveforgivendrivedrovedrivenriseroserisenarisearosearisenrideroderiddenwritewrotewrittenforbidforbadeforbidden(2)过去式+n或en构成过去分词动词原形过去式过去分词breakbrokebrokenspeakspokespokenfreezefrozefrozenwakewokewokenweavewovewovenawakeawokeawokenchoosechosechosenstealstol

13、estolenforgetforgotforgottenhidehidhidden(3)ow/aw/ew-ew/ed-own/awn/ewn型动词原形过去式过去分词blowblewblowngrowgrewgrownknowknewknownthrowthrewthrownoverthrowoverthrewoverthrowndrawdrewdrawnwithdrawwithdrewwithdrawnsewsewedsewn/sewedshowshowedshown(4)i-a-u型动词原形过去式过去分词beginbeganbegunshrinkshrank/ shrunkshrunkdrinkdrankdrunkringrangrungsinksanksunksingsangsungswimswamswumspringsprang/ sprungsprung(5)ear-ore-orn动词原形过去式过去分词bearborebornteartoretornwearworewornswearsworesworn(6)其他动词原形过去式过去分词be(am, is)wasbeenbe(are)werebeendodiddonegowentgonelielaylainflyflewflown关闭Word文档返回原板块