2021届高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解分类练习 专题05 阅读理解之七选五学与练（含解析）.doc

1、专题05阅读理解之七选五学与练Part 1 整体感知分析解读1. 七选五主要考查考生对文章整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑的理解和掌握。2. 体裁以说明文为主（2014、2015、2016、2019及2020年全国卷I都以说明文体裁出现），且结构清晰，过程完整，适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等，以考查学生的综合阅读能力。3. 设空类型一般有标题类、段落主题句类、过度类、细节类；选项大多为完整的句子。4. 七选五以考查细节局为主。Part 2 方法技巧1. 浏览整篇文章，把握整体设空的位置。在做七选五时，首先弄清全篇文章结构，理出文章的中心。语篇通常由段落构成，所以分析篇章结构包括两个层次：一是分

2、析段落之间的层次；二是分析每个段落内部的层次。选项与前后句之间的逻辑关系，是确定答案的主要依据。注意文章的首段和末段，因为英文写作常见方法为“开门见山式”和“结尾总结式”。首段对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。如果它是文章的主题句，就可以是读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有个整体的了解。如果首段没有主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为“结尾总结”式，如果两者均可排除，则需要在文章中其他段落寻找其他主题句，但要注意段首与末段的提示作用。2. 辨别语境线索边读边做题，重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可

3、以采用带入排除法。如果一题做不出或不确定，可以先跳过，继续往下读，做容易的、能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落的逻辑关系应基本清楚了。再将剩余选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该语境，能否承接前后的写作线索。3. 确定答案，再次核对检查在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯、合理，各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用于是否恰当，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析。个别干扰项由于某个正确选项的内容相近而具有很强的干扰性

4、，这时就需要我们认真分析、仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。真题典例（2018.全国卷I）Color is fundamental in home designsomething youll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in. Do you want a room thats full of life? Professional? Or are yo

5、u just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex .But good news is that th

6、erere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones. 38 . Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting

7、your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones,

8、and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .A. While all of them are useful B. Whate

9、ver youre looking for C. If youre experimenting with a color D. Small color choices are the ones were most familiar with E. Its not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G. Color choices in this range are a ste

10、p up from the small ones in two major ways 解题思路36. B A、B、C为备选选项。上文中的“want”，“looking for”与B项中的looking for为“词语复现”，故答案为B。37.A A、B、C为备选选项。A项中的“all of them”与逗号后的“they”为“指代一致”，故答案为A项。38.D设空出在段首，可推知本题考查主题句。上段末尾指出了需要做出的三个决定（the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones）。最后三段分别介绍了做小的、中等的和大的颜色选择的不同情况。根据

11、最后两段首句中的Medium color choices和The large color decisions可知此处讲Small color choices。本题需用“逻辑判断”的方法进行解答。39.G下句中的They指Medium color choices，同“smaller ones”进行比较，而选项G中的a step up from the small ones与下句中的a bigger commitment，a more powerful effect相对应，故答案选G40. F上句中的relative expense与F项中的pays相对应，故答案为F项。解题技巧：1. 通过设题位

12、置判断a) 段首设空一般找能概括本段中心意思的选项。b) 段尾设空一般找能总结归纳该段的选项。2. 通过标点符号判断当设空处后为逗号且逗号后面的句子结构完整时，可判断该空应为状语从句。3. 根据语境线索判断a) “词语重现”不仅指词语的简单出现，而且指某词语可能以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现。b) “逻辑”指示物之间存在的必然关系，包括时间先后关系、空间位置关系、因果关系、归纳总结关系、总分关系等。c) “指代”是指用代词代替前文提到过的人物、事件、物品等，如it，he，she，they等。d) “同构”是指上下文使用同一结构或类似的句子。Part 3 七选五仿真组合练A Gr

13、atitude (感恩）makes everything more special. It connects you to where you are and who you are with arid what you are doing. Read the following tips for developing gratitude. 1，you will truly get the benefits. Write in a diary every morning and declare how you want to feel that day. 2.This puts me in a

14、 receiving way so that I can better attract my dreams and desires by taking subconscious (潜意识的） and conscious steps toward choices that serve my ambitions. Go on a walk. Walkingwith zero social media disturbanceis a gateway to gratitude. I walk my dog in the morning, walk through my neighborhood，and

15、 mentally express gratitude for everything I can think of during the walk. 3 .4，do it physically. This means sitting down and taking a moment to feel gratitude in every area of your body. I work my way up my body，beginning with my feet and working up toward the rest of my body, bones，and organs, unt

16、il I reach my head. This is a great place to start if youre feeling extra low! Next time youre with a group of friends or even strangers，ask them to go around and say what theyre grateful for. 5 I am always so happy, surprised, and amazed at how open and appreciative people are for the enquiry,A. I

17、use the 5-minute diaryB. This is something I do regularlyC. If youre wondering how to express gratitudeD. If you can make the time for this sirhple practiceE. If youre having trouble expressing gratitude mentallyF. It is important to make use of the time to make friendsG. Its the perfect time to set

18、 up your brain for positive thinkingBAlmost 200 graduate students and postdoctoral (博士后) researchers gathered April 21 for a career-development event at the annual meeting of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology where they learned about varieties of scientific careers, partici

19、pated in skill-building workshops and networked with peers and speakers. The entire event was full of useful information_6_Your career path is less like a ladder and more like a jungle gym.Were all programmed to see our career path as a series of linear (直线型) steps up to a final goal undergraduate,

20、graduate, post doctor, forever job but this rarely happens._7_Dont be afraid to take a risk when opportunities present themselves if they will help you build your unique career.Create a “skills toolbox and use it.The skills you develop as a trainee help you stand out in the job market. When youre in

21、 the lab, talk to your colleagues about their experiments. Challenge yourself to learn new techniques both in and out of your field. Work on developing critical thinking skills, which will help you however your career evolves.And acquire skills outside the lab. Explore entrepreneurship, science writ

22、ing and communication, policy, outreach, education, even art whatever resonates with you. _8_Communication skills are critical to success. Less jargon (行话),more passion.Science is a language most people dont speak fluently. When communicating with diverse audiences, think of yourself as a translator

23、. Eliminate jargon and create analogies (类推) to make your research accessible. Work on making your science story relevant to the audience, which may mean that you dont share every piece of data you have collected. Most importantly, practice.Training courses like the ASBMBs Art of Science Communicati

24、on are available to help you develop these skills._9_In professional interactions, be confident and remember that your skills and knowledge got you where you are today. Dont be frightened by people who question what you know, and dont let negative experiences diminish your self confidence.Luck is wh

25、at happens when preparation meets opportunity. You dont need to see the entire staircase to take the next step.With these words in mind, explore your options, network and talk to people in fields that interest you. Dont know where to start? Start with videos under the heading Career Paths” at asbmb.

26、org and the career section of the ASBMB Today website. _10_ . For the price of a cup of coffee, you can get started on the path to career success.A. Dont be afraid of new challenges.B. Work on believing that you belong in the room.C. Below are five tips for career success that struck me.D. This will

27、 help build you into a well-rounded candidate.E. You may move sideways in your career or even take a step or two back before moving up the ladder again.F. Once you find a job that interests you, identify people in the field and ask for informational interviews.G. Imposter (冒名顶替者)syndrome is a realit

28、y for many people in the sciences, especially those from underrepresented groups.CCharacteristics of an excellent scientistThe Free Dictionary defines (定义) a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences, especially natural science or physical science. 11. Lets look at

29、some characteristics of an excellent scientist.Curiosity. 12. Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work. If a scientist doesnt have the drive to ask questions or even wonder, then he/she never gets to the first stage

30、 of the scientific process.Patience. 13. There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. Even if you think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of scientific research to do. If youre an instant-gratification (即时满足) type of person, this may not be the best choice

31、for you.Ethical (道德的) qualities.In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good, a scientist must have a desire to improve peoples life as well as the environment and living things, since they are all linked and they can affect one another in the long run. A scientist must report f

32、indings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial (商业的) interests. Sticking to an old belief contradicted by evidence is dishonest. 14.Working habits.An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation, keeping it in mind and recording it. 15. He/She also needs to communi

33、cate thoughts on paper and verbally. Networking skills connect him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new.A.Becoming a scientist takes a long time.B.An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.C.It also defines a scientist as someone who

34、uses scientific methods.D.However, that belief shouldnt be changed without powerful evidence. E.He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending on whats needed. F.To make discoveries in human knowledge, you have to think differently.G.One of the main places that many scientists work in is the res

35、earch laboratory.D(2019济南模拟)Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. According to the wellknown saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness._16_. Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is a valuable tool for thoughts. Far from being a sign of madness, se

36、lftalk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, and even regulate our emotions._17_. You are very likely to hear him/her talking to himself/herself: offering himself/herself directions and giving voice to his/her frustrations. Psychologists refer to this as private speech th

37、at is spoken but directed at the self. We do a lot of it when we are young.As children, according to the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, we use private speech to regulate our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others._18_， we dont abandon this system we i

38、nternalize (使内在化) it. Psychological experiments have shown that this socalled inner speech can improve our performance on tasks ranging from judging what other people are thinking to sorting images into categories._19_. One recent study suggested that selftalk is the most effective when we address o

39、urselves as “you” rather than “I”We internalize the private speech we used as children but we never entirely put away the loud version._20_， turn on the sports channel. Youre bound to see an athlete or two gearing themselves up with a tart phrase or scolding themselves after a bad shot.AAs we grow o

40、lderBIf you want the proofCGo with your friends to debateDBut theres no need for embarrassmentEAlthough we may think it seems silly to talk to ourselves secretlyFThe effect of our words can give us a valuable perspective on our actionsGTake a trip to any preschool and watch a small child playing wit

41、h his/her toys A 1-5 DAGEB 本文是一篇说明文。懂得感恩让一切变得更特别，如何才能具有感恩之心呢？文章介绍了如何培养感恩之心的四条建议。1. D【解析】空后为逗号，后面另起一个简单句，根据句子 结构判断应从C、D、E项中选择一个状语从句。结合句 意判断应选 D 项，this simple practice 即指 developing gratitude0句意：如果你能拿出时间做一下这个简单的练习，你将会真正地受益。2. A【解析】根据上文的diary判断应选A项，表示“我使用五分钟日记”，下文的This即指“五分钟日记”。3. G【解析】根据上文语境判断应选G项，表示“

42、这是让你的大脑积极思考的好时光”，“这段好时光”即指散步的时候。4. E【解析】空后为逗号，后面另起一个祈使句，根据句子 结构判断应从C、D、E项中选择一个状语从句。E项中 的mentally与空后的physically互相呼应，所以应选E 项。句意：如果你在心理上难以表达感激之情，那就从身体上表达吧。5. B【解析】根据上下文语境判断应选B项，选项中的 This即指上句的内容。句意：（下次当你和一群朋友甚 至陌生人在一起时，让他们四处走走，说出他们的感激之情）这是我经常做的事情。B【答案】6. C 7. E 8. D 9. B 10. F【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几条实现事业成功的方

43、法，包括构建自身的“技能盒”并使用、沟通技巧是成功的关键，少说点行话、多点激情、运气则是准备好时发生的情况。【6题详解】分析文章可知，文章通过总分的结构进行阐述，故文章第一段最后一句应使用总结上文，引出下文的句子，且文章后文提到了几条实现事业成功的方法，由此可知，C项符合文意，故选C。【7题详解】第三段提到，绝大多数人认为自己的事业路程应该是直线型的，而句中提到“but this rarely happens.”but为转折连词，说明绝大多数人的事业路程不是直线型的而是曲折的，E项提到有人会在自己的职业生涯中退后几步，然后再上台阶。由此可知，E项符合文意，故选E。【8题详解】第五段提到要在实验

44、室外学习技能，探索创业、科学写作和交流、政策、外联、教育甚至艺术，任何能够引起共鸣的东西。D项中提到this指的是前文中提到的在实验室外学习的技能，这些都将帮助人成为一个全面发展的人。由此可知，D项符合文意，故选D。【9题详解】第八段第一句提到“In professional interactions, be confident and remember that your skills and knowledge got you where you are today.”在专业互动中，要自信，要记住是你的技能和知识让你达到今天的成就，由此可以判断该段讲述的是与自信有关的内容。由此可知，B项符

45、合文意，故选B。【10题详解】文章最后一段提到“运气是当机会和准备相遇后的产物”，当你不知道怎么去找工作的时候就可以从某网站开始浏览自己感兴趣的部分，一旦找到自己感兴趣的工作，就可以要求进行信息性面试。由此可知，F项符合文意，故选F。D【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了杰出的科学家们的性格特点。11.C根据空格前指出Free Dictionary定义科学家为对一门或多门学科有专业知识的人,尤其是自然科学或物理科学可知,此处讲的是它还将科学家定义为使用科学方法的人。12.B根据这一段的小标题“Curiosity.”可知,杰出的科学家们具备的一个特征就是要有好奇心。B项中的“be ve

46、ry curious about things.”与之符合。13.A根据小标题“Patience.”以及下文提到几乎没有其他工作比这个更花费时间了可知,成为科学家需要很长一段时间,A项与之符合。14.D空格上一句提到,坚持与证据相矛盾的旧信仰是不诚实的。D项指出,没有强有力的证据支撑,这种信仰不应被改变,这恰好是对上一句的补充说明。15.E根据小标题“Working habits.”可知,下文主要会谈工作习惯。E项指出科学家们无论是自己一个人还是在团队中都可以工作得很好,这也是在说一种工作习惯,符合题意。D语篇解读：我们容易把自言自语认为是疯癫的表现，然而心理学研究表明，自言自语不但不是疯癫的信号，还大有裨益。16选D根据第一段第二句和本段介绍自言自语的好处可知，本段首句为表示转折的过渡句，故D项符合语境。17选G空格后讲的是很容易听到小孩子自己跟自己说话，所以G项“去任何一家幼儿园看一个小孩子玩他/她的玩具”符合语境。18选A空格前介绍的是孩提时代自言自语的情况，后面应该是这种情况在长大后的改变，故A项符合语境。19选F上文讲的是心理学实验证实了自言自语的正面作用，故此处是继续叙述其积极影响，且与本段最后一句中的研究有顺承关系，故F项符合语境。20选B空处下文讲的是在体育频道可以看到一些运动员的表现，这些都是证据。故B项“如果你想要证据的话”符合语境。