2021届新高考英语二轮创新学案：专题四 第三节 基础保分一　名词和冠词 WORD版含解析.doc

1、第三节核心考点讲练通基础保分篇基础保分一名词和冠词授课提示：对应学生用书第40页(一)名词语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格，以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。短文改错题重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词的词性转换等。语法填空中的名词考点高考这样考1(2020高考浙江卷7月) Later，they learned to work with the _(season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas.2(2018高考全国卷)My name is Mireya Mayor.Im a _(scien

2、ce)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.3(2017高考全国卷)This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界)as a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side _(effect).4(2017高考全国卷)She is determined to carry on with her_(educate)题目这么解1提示词为名词时，分析句子成分后若发现词性不需要改变，则一般考查所给名词的复数形

3、式(如T1)或同源名词(如T2)；如果作定语表示“的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。2如果空格处作主语，且谓语动词是单数形式，则空格处应填名词单数形式；若谓语动词是复数形式，则空格处应填名词复数形式。当空格处作宾语时，常用提示词的名词形式(如T4)。3通过限定词判断名词单复数(1)不定冠词a，an后用名词单数形式；(2)有these，those，several，some，many，all，both，different，a few等词修饰时名词用复数形式(如T3)；(3)若可数名词无限定词修饰，则该名词用复数形式；(4)名词前有one of时用名词复数形式。自我诊断：1.seasons2.scien

4、tist3.effects4education类题对点练1In addition(add)to our online offerings，we are now offering inperson parentchild music classes in western Massachusetts.2The glass bridge is one of the most attractive tourist destinations_(destination)in North Chinas Shanxi Province.3For decades，he provided both the you

5、ng and the old with adventure，confidence，strength，inspiration(inspire)，friendship and joy.4The above views may or may not be correct.They are only for your reference(refer)短文改错中的名词考点高考这样考1(2020高考全国卷)Luckily，I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations._2(2019高考全国卷)All the football player on the

6、playground cheered loudly，saying that I had a talent for football._3(2018高考全国卷)When I was little，Fridays night was our family game night._4(2017高考全国卷)Besides，they often get some useful informations from the Internet._题目这么解1表示两个或两个以上的数量词后应跟可数名词复数(如T2)；而a little，little，much，a great/good deal of，a larg

7、e amount of，large amounts of等修饰不可数名词；2谓语动词是复数形式，则主语必须用复数形式或表示复数意义；3名词作定语只有表示“的”时才用所有格形式(如T3，此处表示“周五晚上”)；4不可数名词没有复数形式，此类常见的词有advice，news，progress，housework，information等(如T4)。自我诊断：1.vacationsvacation2.playerplayers3.FridaysFriday4.informationsinformation类题对点练(请按照高考要求在原句上修改)1(2020高考全国卷)My mom is really

8、 concerned with the health of everyone in our families.答案：My mom is really concerned with the health of everyone in our .2(2018高考全国卷)Last winter when I went there again，they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.答案：Last winter when I went there again，they had a big separate house to ra

9、ise dozens of .3(2018高考全国卷)After supper，we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.答案：After supper，we would play card games of all in the sitting room.名词考点的核心知识提炼一、名词变复数的规则1一般在名词词尾直接加s。friendfriendsnationnationsinterest interests2词尾是s，x，ch，sh时一般加es。foxfoxescoachcoachesbushbushes注意：stom

10、ach(胃部)的复数形式是在词尾直接加s。3词尾是“辅音字母y”时，变y为i再加es；词尾是“元音字母y”时，直接加s。enemyenemieshobbyhobbieskey keys 4词尾是f或fe时，少数直接加s；多将f或fe去掉再加ves。roofroofsbeliefbeliefsshelfshelvesknifeknivesleafleaves5词尾是“辅音字母o”时，直接加es；词尾是“元音字母o”时，直接加s；有些以o结尾的外来词或缩略词(photo，piano)直接加s。tomatotomatoeszoozoospianopianosphoto photos二、名词变复数的特

11、殊情况1单复数同形的名词。sheepdeeraircraftChinesemeans(手段)works(工厂)2自身有特殊变化的名词。childchildrentoothteethfootfeetmousemicemediummediaphenomenon phenomena3常用复数的名词：Customs(海关)，manners(礼貌)，greetings(问候的话)，wishes(祝愿)，congratulations(祝贺)，thanks(谢谢)等。(二)冠词冠词是语法填空题的常考点，经常考查不定冠词a，an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。短文改错中的冠词类题目，除了判断是表示特指还

12、是泛指外，还需要注意单数可数名词前是否有冠词，同时对常见的固定搭配中的冠词也要熟练掌握。语法填空中的冠词考点高考这样考1(2019高考全国卷)Of _nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining.2(2018高考全国卷)Unexpectedly，Im facetoface with the gorilla，who begins screaming at _top of her lungs.3(2017高考全国卷)Instead，she is earning 6，500 a day as _model in N

13、ew York.题目这么解1先断定是不是填冠词：如果空格后有名词(短语)而且二者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式，那么空格处一般是填冠词。2再确定填什么冠词：使用定冠词的情景特指双熟悉(如T1)，上文已提及，序数最高级，世上的独一，固定搭配不可替(如T2)；使用不定冠词的情景泛指一类人与物，与one同义表数量，只知有一不知谁，词首字母读元音冠词就要用an，其他一律用a(如T3)。类题对点练1(2018高考全国卷)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years，

14、while rice has increased only 7 percent.2(2017高考全国卷)This included digging up the road，laying the track and then building a strong roof over the top.3William Wu，manager of Universum，said that banking remains an attractive industry for young Chinese.4It may be hard to imagine that a sofa or a table co

15、uld actually be a green product，but they really can be depending on what theyre made of.短文改错中的冠词考点高考这样考1(2020高考全国卷)For example，every morning，my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup._2(2019高考全国卷)Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me._3(2019高考全国卷)Each of my cafes will have a dif

16、ferent theme and an unique style._4(2018高考全国卷)During my last winter holiday，I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents._题目这么解1冠词有没有缺失(如T2，T4)；2冠词有没有错用(如T1，T3)；3冠词有没有多余。自我诊断：1.thea2.football前加a3.ana4countryside前加the类题对点练1(2017高考全国卷)When I look at this picture of myself.Around me in

17、 picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.答案：When I look at this picture of myself.Around me in picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.2(2020华中师大期末)On the after

18、noon of June 5th，the charity sale was successfully held on our school playground.答案：On the afternoon of June 5th， charity sale was successfully held on our school playground.3Besides，bikes are environmentally friendly means of transport.答案：Besides，bikes are environmentally friendly means of transpor

19、t.冠词考点的核心知识提炼一、a用于发音以辅音音素开头的单词前；an用于发音以元音音素开头的单词前。1拼写以辅音字母开头，读音却以元音音素开头的单词，如hour，honest，honor等，其前要用an。2拼写以元音字母开头，读音却以辅音音素开头的单词，如useful，university，usual，united，European，oneway等，其前要用a。3表示“再一、又一”时，序数词前用不定冠词。二、抽象名词具体化a surprise一件令人惊奇的事；a pleasure 一件乐事；a pity一件遗憾的事；a pride值得骄傲的人或事；a comfort令人宽慰的人或事；a dan

20、ger危险的人或事；a success成功的人或事；a failure失败的人或事；a beauty美人，美好的东西三、牢记定冠词the的其他用法1由only，very，same等修饰的名词前面用定冠词the；2定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物；3定冠词用在年代或用于逢十的数词前，也用在表示世纪的某个年代前；4西洋乐器以及发明物的名词前要用定冠词，如play the violin/piano拉小提琴/弹钢琴。四、熟记固定搭配，遇到冠词迎刃而解1含有不定冠词的固定搭配have a rest/break休息take a walk散步have a look看一看 in a mom

21、ent立刻once upon a time曾经 twice a month一月两次as a rule通常 in a hurry立刻in a word总之have a good knowledge of 熟知2含有定冠词的固定搭配make the most/best of充分利用in the end最后in the way挡道on the whole总的来说on the other hand另一方面on the spot在现场to tell the truth说实话take the place of代替授课提示：对应学生用书第43页.单句语法填空1In conclusion(conclude)，

22、Thanksgiving is celebrated on different dates in different nations.2In 2018，the reform was expanded to eight provinciallevel regions(region)，namely Hebei，Liaoning，Jiangsu，Fujian，Hubei，Hunan，Guangdong and Chongqing.3Life does not throw us away just because we are disabled，or because we have problems

23、or challenges(challenge)4“This freight train is a_reflection(reflect)of the achievements of trade.” Chairman Timmy Feng told Reuters.5At some point we need to make sure that our expectations are the same as other family members(member)expectations.6You dont have to be a Jack Ma to be successful.As l

24、ong as you can inspire someone to make a difference，you will succeed.7The concert was such a success that it was expected to run for the second night.8Of the two Australian students，Masha is the taller one.I think you can find her easily.9On the topic of classical music，I always love the clapping an

25、d the cheering that come at the end of a concert.10They conducted a trial across China from August 2019 to May 2020，covering a_total of 1，369 adult smokers.单句改错1The dietitian(营养学家)was helpful，making suggestion as to how I could improve my diet.答案：The dietitian was helpful，making as to how I could im

26、prove my diet.2When night falls，they will look at the full moon in the sky and send regard to relatives and friends far away from home.答案：When night falls，they will look at the full moon in the sky and send to relatives and friends far away from home.3What a great fun it is to jump into the sea for

27、a cool swimming in the hot days.答案：What great fun it is to jump into the sea for a cool swimming in the hot days. 4Personally，its not good habit to use the network language.答案：Personally，its not good habit to use the network language.5The museum，which covers a area of 18，000 square meters，is made up

28、 of 24 exhibition halls.答案：The museum，which covers area of 18，000 square meters，is made up of 24 exhibition halls.语法填空(2020江西重点高中联盟)The seahorse is one of the most interesting living creatures.It has 1._unique look.Some consider it to be a kind of animal like a horse 2._(settle)in the sea.But seahor

29、ses may not be exactly the creatures in your 3._(imagine)，because they are fish.The scientific name for them is Hippocampus，a name almost as long when 4._(write)as the animal itself，which ranges in size from 1.5 to 35.5 cm.They 5._(spot)in a state of resting from time to time，because they dont do we

30、ll in swimming in the water.Their eyes help to protect them 6._enemies.Each eye can move in any direction being 7._(independence)of the other，which means they can look up with one eye，and down with the other.Also，the father seahorse carries baby seahorses and he wont leave them 8._they are big enoug

31、h to look after themselves.Nowadays，the number of seahorses 9._(be)not as large as before.The reason might be that they are hunted by humans 10._(heavy)due to their medicinal value.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章简单介绍了一些关于海马的知识。1解析：考查冠词。look在此处表示“样子，外观，外表”，为可数名词且表示泛指，又因unique的读音以辅音音素开头，故用a。答案：a2解析：考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语动词是co

32、nsider，因此，空处应填非谓语动词，horse和settle“定居”是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词settling。答案：settling3解析：考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处应填所给词的名词形式imagination。答案：imagination4解析：考查非谓语动词。海马的学名是Hippocampus，写起来很长。分析句子结构可知，此处用了“连词非谓语动词”结构作状语，名字“被写”，name和write是逻辑上的动宾关系，且此处不表示将要发生的动作，故用过去分词。答案：written5解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由于海马不太擅长在水里游泳，所以它们经常被发现处于静止状态。

33、主语they为复数，且与spot之间为动宾关系，且此处描述事实情况，应用一般现在时，故填are spotted。答案：are spotted6解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示海马的眼睛帮助它们免受敌害。protect常与against或from连用表示“保护免受的伤害”。答案：against/from7解析：考查词性转换。空后提到海马可以一只眼睛向上看，另一只眼睛向下看，这说明海马的两只眼睛可以独立活动，互不影响。故空处用形容词，构成be independent of“不受的影响”结构。答案：independent8解析：考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，and后的分句是not.until

34、.句型，表示“直到才”，until引导时间状语从句。答案：until9解析：考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的nowadays可知，本句用一般现在时，句子为主系表结构，主语是“the number of名词复数”，空处用单数形式。答案：is10解析：考查词性转换。空处修饰动词，表示“大量地”，故用所给词的副词形式heavily。答案：heavily.短文改错(2020深圳高三统测)One day when I was walking home，I had heard a noise behind me.It was a pretty dog，and he followed me home.Dad

35、was surprised，saying she looked as the Smiths pet dog.Realizing she was very tired，I gave her a bath but kept her company until she felt comfortably.A big surprise came next morning，when I found her with four little cute puppies！I was in great excite.Before long Dad led Mrs.Smith in，that thanked us

36、for taking care of the dog.She asked whether I wanted to keep one of them.I was thrilling about the sudden joy!答案：One day when I was walking home，I heard a noise behind me.It was a pretty dog，and followed me home.Dad was surprised，saying she looked the Smiths pet dog.Realizing she was very tired，I gave her a bath kept her company until she felt .A big surprise came next morning，when I found her with four little cute puppies！I was in great .Before long Dad led Mrs.Smith in， thanked us for taking care of the .She asked whether I wanted to keep one of them.I was about the sudden joy!