2021届高三英语人教版一轮新高考复习课时提能练14 必修3　UNIT 4　ASTRONOMY THE SCIENCE OF THE STARS WORD版含解析.doc

1、课时提能练(十四) Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars课时作业A：基础层面.语境语法填空 AThe 1.existence (exist) of terrorism lets the world not be stable. Terrorist activities, many of which are linked to 2.religious (religion) extremism, have resulted in a 3.global (globe) disaster. They not only bring threat to the

2、 safety of human but have 4.harmful (harm) effect on economic growth. Many people are forced to flee their homes because of growing fears of terrorist 5.violence (violent). All governments are paying great attention to this issue, but to stop terrorism is indeed a 6.systematic (system) project, whic

3、h requires effort, wisdom and cooperation.BA conflict broke 7.out when the villagers tried to prevent the factory workers 8.from sending waste water into their field. The villagers had been watching out 9.for the waste water for some time. They found it was very harmful 10.to their health as well as

4、 their crops. Officials came just 11.in time to stop the situation getting worse. They managed to block 12.out the anger of the villagers, promising to punish the factory for what they had done. On hearing this, the villagers cheered 13.up and the conflict ended finally.CAt a rough estimate, Nigeria

5、 is three times 14.the size of Great Britain. Its population is also twice 15.what it was 50 years ago. Nigeria is abundant in oil, which makes 16.it possible to become Africas No.1 economy. Chinese people are pouring into this country. The number of Chinese tourists to Nigeria is five times as larg

6、e 17.as it used to be. Now 18.that you have got a chance to visit it, why not go to appreciate its charming scenery and unique culture?.根据提示补全句子1既然我无事可做，我可以享受一会儿音乐了。(now that)Now that I have nothing to do, I can enjoy music for a little while.2他们是否能够通过沟通达成协议还不清楚。(it作形式主语)Its not clear whether they a

7、re able to arrive at an agreement through communication or not.3这些游客们回到宾馆，又累又困。(形容词短语作状语)These travelers returned to the hotel, tired and sleepy4无论他在哪里，早饭前散散步成为他的习惯。(make itn. to do .)No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.5李明的手机看起来和张华的一样，但价格是他的两倍。(倍数表达法) Li Ming

8、s mobile phone looked just the same as Zhang Huas, but it cost twice as much as his.课时作业B：能力层面.阅读理解A(2019大连市一模)Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moona total lunar eclipse(月食)on the roof of their house.Now a seventh

9、grader at East Prairie Elementary School, Dobek recently won the national Discovery Education Lockheed Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for travelling to Mars.She says that night watching the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of fuel. So when he

10、r teacher Andrea Smeeton received information about the national challenge, Smeeton said she immediately had one student in mind.“I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search，” Smeeton said. “She immediately started researching bone density(密度) of astronauts and

11、 how to have food on Mars.”“My design will ensure the safety of the astronauts but also make sure their comfort is out of this world，” Dobek says.Dobeks design calls for building the MSS or Mars Storage Station to put the supplies in. It also includes the SGF or SelfGrowing Farm, and she details how

12、 it would work with the elements on Mars.Then there is physical and leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobeks design. A simulator (模拟装置) allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual reality environment. Rooms have circular ceilings so astronauts will be able to watch downloa

13、ded shows and even see places on Earth, such as their homes.“I want to tell other kids to follow their passions，” Dobek said. “Whatever they want to do, they should push for it and always try their best.”【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了小学生Emilia Dobek设计太空站，并赢得挑战的相关内容。1Dobek first became interested in space when Ashe w

14、as still a seventh graderBshe studied at a junior high schoolCshe lived on the top of their houseDshe watched an eclipse of the moonD细节理解题。根据第一段“Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moona total lunar eclipse(月食)on the

15、roof of their house”可知，Dobek对太空感兴趣是从她在三年级时的一个晚上观看一次月食开始的。2Smeeton recommended that Dobek take the challenge because Ashe knew Dobek liked challenges in lifeBshe had no other students interested in MarsCDobek knew how to research bone density of astronautsDshe was sure that Dobek would have outstandi

16、ng performanceD推理判断题。根据第四段Smeeton的话可推知，她对Dobek很了解，对其可以接受这项挑战并出色完成充满信心。3What does Dobek focus on when designing the space station?AThe environment on Mars.BThe safety of the supplies.CThe activities for astronauts.DThe comfort of the astronauts.D推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“make sure their comfort is out of this

17、world”并结合对倒数第二段的整体理解可推知，Dobek的设计包含身体和休闲活动，让宇航员在太空中也感到舒适。B(2019长春市质量监测一)I was waiting for my train and on the subway stations floor was a man just sitting there. I looked around and nobody stopped so I just went my way. After a few steps, I turned and asked him whether he needed help. He told me his

18、house was one station further and he would only need to take the train there. So I reached for his hand to help him stand up.He wanted to take the stairs but I feared that he would hurt himself since he seemed too weak to walk, so I asked him to take the elevator. Even though my mind was trying to t

19、urn the danger lights on, I put the thought that I should not go alone with a drunken man out of my mind and accompanied him on the elevator.We arrived on the platform with no incidents. The mans knees seemed to soften, so I asked him to rest on a bench. While sitting there, he thanked me, telling m

20、e that I saved him. No, I said, I really did nothing; he saved himself as he walked on his own feet.At the next station, we said our goodbyes. Before I knew it, he left 100 dollars and dashed out of the train. There was no way to give him back his money. I wanted to leave it on the seat, but a young

21、 woman who thought it belonged to me ran after me and gave me the note.My initial reaction to getting that money was of shame and I even felt offended. Then I thought he just wanted to thank me, the best way he knew how. Now, my question iswhat act of kindness shall I do with these 100 dollars?【语篇解读

22、】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在地铁站台看到有个醉汉坐在地上，于是把对方搀扶起来并陪他坐上地铁，临下车的时候对方塞给作者一百美元，作者准备用这笔钱继续帮助别人。4Why was the man sitting on the subway stations floor?ABecause he wanted to go home.BBecause he was seriously ill.CBecause he was drunk.DBecause he was waiting for the train.C细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“I put the thought.with a drunke

23、n man”可知，这个人坐在地铁站的地上是因为喝醉了。5Seeing the money left by the man, the author first felt AashamedBgratefulCdelightedDfrustratedA细节理解题。根据尾段第一句中的“My initial reaction.was of shame”可知，作者看到这笔钱最初的反应是感到羞愧，因此选A。6How will the author possibly deal with the money?AGive it back.BBuy something favorable.CLeave it on

24、the seat.DGive it to people in need.D推理判断题。根据尾段最后一句“Now, my question is.do with these 100 dollars”可推知，作者下一步要用这笔钱去帮助他人，因此选D。7What can we infer from the passage?AI helped the man the moment I saw him.BI accompanied the man to take the stairs.CI thought it unsafe to go alone with the drunken man at fir

25、st.DA young woman ran after me and gave me the note.C推理判断题。根据第二段可知，作者先是把不应该单独与这个醉汉同行的念头赶走，并在电梯里陪着他，因此C项正确。.阅读七选五(2019湖南省六校联考)Gardening 380 Kilometers above EarthAstronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. The

26、se“astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants.Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isnt a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. 1 Because of this，its not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used o

27、nce and thrown away.Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. 2 Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft the only air the astronauts can breathe. 3 Due to the l

28、ack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them，so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots dont“know”to grow down，leaves dont “know” to grow up，and water doesnt easily travel up the roots to the leaves. 4 Besides,

29、soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels(凝胶) are used to help plant growth.Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space，and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant

30、 to disease. 5 Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the worlds population now at about 7.7 billion people，our astronaut gardeners may hel

31、p discover ways to feed those billions.AEvery plant grown in space must have several uses.BHowever, there are challenges with growing plants in space.CSuch methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.DThe cost of taking anything into space is about $22，000 per kilogram.ESpecialized contain

32、ers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.FAstronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.GCurrently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了宇航员在太空种植的原因和好处以及种植方法。1D空后是说将所有所需东西带上太空是不切合实际的；据此可推知，空处应是介绍空后一句的原因；故D项“带任何东西到太空的花费大约是每

33、千克22 000美元”符合语境。2F根据空前一句可知，植物可以为宇航员提供新鲜的东西；根据空后一句可知，植物还可以改善太空站的空气质量，因为其可以产生氧气；据此可推知，空处应是介绍太空种植植物的好处，即宇航员也喜欢在他们的干粮中有新鲜的果蔬食物，故F项正确。3B上文介绍了太空种植的好处，即为宇航员提供新鲜的果蔬、改善太空站的空气质量等；结合下文可知，种植太空果蔬有一定的困难；据此可知，空处承上启下，与上文形成转折关系，故B项正确。4E根据上文可知，在失重的情况下，植物的根和叶不知道如何生长，水分也不容易从根部传到叶子上；而空后一句介绍了关于土壤的解决方法；据此可推知，空处应是介绍解决上述问题的

34、方法，故E项“正在研制专门的容器去帮助植物正确地生长”符合语境。5C根据空前一句可知，科学家们正在寻找各种让植物少使用水，在太空快速生长，而且可以抵抗病害的方法；且下文又提到改良后的植物对地球的影响；据此可推知，空处应是说明这些方法可以在地球上运用以带来改善，故C项正确。.语法填空(2019贵阳市适应性考试一)Chinas space program has become the first to land a spacecraft on the 1._(socall) dark side of the moon. The landing on Thursday brought the cou

35、ntry closer to its goal of becoming a space power.Change 4 sent a picture taken at 11：40 in the morning back to Earth. It shows small craters and 2._empty surface that appears to be 3._(light) by a light from the lunar explorer.The name Change comes from a subject of Chinese mythology that many Chin

36、ese believe 4._(live) on the moon for thousands of years.The landing is an example of Chinas 5._(grow) desire to compete with the American, Russian and European space 6._(program). China also wants to strengthen 7._(it) position.Hou Xiyun is a professor at Nanjing Universitys school of astronomy and

37、 space science. He told the Associated Press, “8._ the whole, Chinas space technology still falls behind the West, but with the landing on the far side of the moon, we have raced to the front.”He added that China plans to explore Mars, Jupiter and asteroids(小行星) in the future. “Theres no doubt 9._ o

38、ur nation will go farther and farther，”he said.In 2013, Change 3 made the first moon landing since the former Soviet Unions Luna 24 in 1976. The United States is the only country that has 10._(success)sent a person to the moon. But China is considering a crewed mission, as well.For now, China plants

39、 to send a Change 5 spacecraft to the moon in 2019 and have it return to Earth with collected particles.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要通过讲述“嫦娥四号”登陆月球背面介绍了中国的太空探索发展状况。1socalled考查词形转换。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词socalled 修饰dark side，作定语。2an冠词。surface是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，且empty的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。3lit/lighted考查动词的语态。根据空后的介词“by”

40、并结合语境可知，此处是被动结构，即“bedone”的形式，故填lit/lighted。4has lived考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，指代a subject，在从句中作主语，故此处应用第三人称单数形式；且根据时间状语for thousands of years可知，本句应用现在完成时，故填has lived。5growing考查形容词。growing 是形容词，意为“增长的”，在句中作定语，修饰名词desire。6programs考查名词的单复数。program是可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，故用复数形式，故填programs。7its考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词position。8On考查介词。on the whole是固定搭配，意为“大体上”，符合语境，故填介词On。9that考查固定用法。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定用法There is no doubt that，意为“毫无疑问”，符合语境，故填that。10successfully考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故用副词successfully修饰其后的动词sent，在句子中作状语。