高考英语语法专项训练：第11讲简单名和并列句.ppt

1、专题11 简单句和并列句句子成份 句子一般由两个部分组成：主语部分（subject group）谓语部分（predicate group）句子成份：主 谓 宾 表补定 状Members of sentence:S-subjectP-predicative O-objectAttri.-attributeAdv.-adverb Oc-object complement主宾表补定状1)主语（subject）I like football.The boy needs a pen.句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由担任,常置于句首。2)谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作或状态。由担任。常置于主语

2、后。The train leaves at 6 oclock.I want a ticket.动词不定式,动名词 或从句名词,主格代词动词3)宾语（object）4)表语（predicative）He won the game.On the desk表示vt.的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于vt.或prep.后。Tome lost his life in the big fire.He is a student.用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。由n.或adj.担任。置于系动词之后。除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词:2)表转

3、变变化的动词:3)表延续的动词feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem 等。become,get,grow,turn,go,等remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等。5)宾补（objective complement）补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。They made him king.I consider the book too expensive.6)定语（attributive）对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示,通常位于被修饰的成分前。The black bike is

4、mine.()说明1：当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing,anything,everything,something 等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语我告诉他一些有趣的事情。I tell him something interesting.说明2：不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。(后置定语）这间屋子里的男孩子们是10班的。The boys in the room are in Class Ten.7)状语（adverbial）用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句,位置灵活。1、通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；2、修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；3、表示

5、时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，4、一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。I am very sorry.We often help him.When I grow up,I am going to be a teacher.（从句作时间状语)句子类型简单句并列句复合句.简单句1.Things changed.2.Trees are green.3.We dont beat children.4.He gave his sister the piano.5.I found the boo

6、k easy.主+谓主+谓+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语主+谓+宾+宾补Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go.Practice主+谓主+谓+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语主+谓+宾+宾补.并列句This is me and these are my friends.They must stay in water,or they will die.Its not cheap,but it is very good.I

7、t was late,so I went to bed.andorbut soHe knocked at the door;there was no answer.名词性从句状语从句定语从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句.复合句A plane is a machine that can fly.He said that he didnt like her.1.You are sitting on the train home.3.She is an English teacher.4.Tom teaches Chinese.主主+谓谓主主+系系+表表主+谓+宾判断下列句子属于何种句式5.T

8、here existed a nation in the ocean.6.Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday.7.We think it our duty to study well.There be There be 句型句型主+谓+间宾+直宾主主+谓谓+宾宾+补补判断下列句子属于何种句式1）主+系+表（SVP）Things are getting better.She turned doctor.表状态存在的系动词：be,seem,appear,prove,look,smell,taste,sound,feel表状态延续：remain,s

9、tay,keep,continue表状态变化：become,grow,get,come,go,turn难点一主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Who can find the eraser for me?Pass the eraser to me.bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,sing,save等。常跟双宾语的动词：Who can find me the eraser?Pass me the eraser.难点二难点三 主+

10、谓+宾+补（SVOC）I saw him come into the house yesterday.能带宾补的动词：1、感官动词：see,watch,look at,observe,notice,hear,listen to2、使让动词：have,make,let,3、其它：want,wish expect,allow,permit,forbid,ask,order,advise，get,force，feel,find,etc.We saw him jump into the box.We saw them dancing.We saw him knocked down.5.主语+及物动词+

11、宾语+宾补(S+Vt+O+C)注：可用作宾补的词有：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词。1.She was glad to see her child well _(take)care of.2.We are pleased to see the problem _(settle)so quickly.3.I could feel the wind _(blow)on my face from an open window.takensettledblowing2.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn

12、B.to learn C.learned D.learning3.A computer does only what thinking people _.A.have it do B.have it done C.have done it D.having it doneBAExercises 1.What lovely children are!2.What a fine weather it is!3.There used to have an old temple over there.4.Come here a moment,do you?改错：they are!bewillExerc

13、ises 1.To try some of this juice-perhaps youll like it.2.May you happy!3.Tom,cleans the window this afternoon.4.He looked sad at me.改错：be happy!cleansadlyRevision1 英语句子必须有谓语动词。他像他爸爸。这本书值得一读。我反对你的意见。五种基本句型的推导：2 一个句子内有且只有一个动词充当谓语（并列谓语除外），其余动词应为非谓语或从句的谓语。他给我一些水喝。He is like his father.The book is worth

14、reading.Im against you.He gave me some water to drink.1.He learns German.2.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.3.We sang and danced yesterday evening.4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at five in the afternoon.（一个主语和并列谓语）（并列主语和并列谓语）（并列主语和一个谓语）（一个主语

15、和一个谓语）3 英语的任何句子都由五种基本句型构成。它是我们判断句子正确与否的标准，是英语写作、阅读的基础。4 注意基本句型与习惯表达。今天我玩得很开心。时间不够了。Today I played happily.I had a good time today.Time was not enough.We had not enough time.并 列 句把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来的句子。四种类型1.由and,not only but also,neithernor,then连接；表同等概念。Not only do the nurses want a pay increase,but

16、also they want reduced hours.2.由eitheror,or,otherwise等连接；表选择Either she leaves or I will.四种类型3.由but,still,yet,however,while,when等连接；表转折。My mother likes coffee but my father likes tea.Exercises:注意逻辑关系1.Give him an inch hell take an ell.A.but B.and C.for D.so 2.did the students dance,their teacher sang

17、.A.Neither or B.Either or C.Bothand D.Not onlybut alsoExercises:注意逻辑关系3.Feathers fall to the ground slowly stones fall much faster.A.and B.while C.but D.yet 4.We must get up early tomorrow,well miss the first bus to the Great.A.however B.but C.or D.so 6.I thought wed be late for the concert,_ we end

18、ed up getting there ahead of time.7.Search the website of the Fire Department in your city,_you will learn a lot about Firefighting.8.They were surprised that a child should work out the problem _they themselves couldnt.butandwhile5.He worked hard,he failed.A.while B.and C.so D.but9.I was just about

19、 to lie down to rest _ I saw a snake in the grass.when句子的连接和标点符号1、句号连接两个并列句子，第二个句子的首字母大写。My name is Tom.I am five.2、分号连接两个并列分句，第二个句子的首字母不大写。Tom is five;he studies in a primary school.3、引号前用逗号而不用冒号，英语中没有书名号。Tom said,“The movie Titanic is wonderful!”2.逗号加连词相当于句号，连接两个并列句子。I am five,and I study in a pri

20、mary school.复合句=主句+从句复合句复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：1.主语从句2.宾语从句3.表语从句4.定语从句5.状语从句6.同位语从句英文写作中最常使用的从句1.宾语从句2.状语从句3.定语从句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句He told me the news.that the match had been cancelled.宾语how much he was prepared to pay for my car.that I co

21、uld have the money without delay.how much he was prepared topay for my car and that I couldhave the money without delay.when he was leaving for Paris.that his fatherwas working in that school.宾语从句复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句I dont know him.He has finished his work that he has finished his work.whether h

22、e has finished his work.宾语从句He is leaving for Washington.that he is leaving for Washington.when he is leaving for Washington.why he is leaving for Washington.how he is leaving for Washington.whether he is leaving for Washington.复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句the peoplesurprised That What he saidwhat he did

23、主语That he didnt know the answerin the room.定语who were sitting in the room.who were present.whose sons were at war.who had signed the contract.复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句Thatis the fact.表语what he needs.what he gave me.why he was late.because he was ill.what has happened.复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句He worked

24、 in that factorythree years ago.地点状语时间状语where his father workedin that factorywhere I livedwhen he lived thereHis father worked there.I lived there.He lived there three years ago.复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句Put the book on the desk.where you took it.where it was.地点状语where you found it.You cant camp here.where there are a lot of trees.wherever you like.指出下列各从句的类型vI believe that everything is going on well.vShe was reading a novel when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best in my class.宾语从句状语从句定语从句Practice