天津专用2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破四推理判断_细节推断题优选习题.doc

1、四、推理判断细节推断题(20186月天津，B) When I was 17，I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay，once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death.On a sunny Saturday，Sally and I drove over to the museum.She asked，“Do you have

2、the address？”“No，but Ill recognize it，there was a picture in the magazine.”“Oh，stop.There it is！”The museum was free.We entered，excited.A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.“May I help you？” a man asked.“No，” I said.“Were fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves.What if

3、they talked a long time about a painting you werent that interested in？Sally had gone upstairs.The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的)，keeping their eyes on me with curiosity.What was their problem？I saw some nice sculptures in one room.Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me.“Where do you

4、think you are？” he asked.I turned sharply.“The McNay Art Museum！” He smiled，shaking his head.“Sorry，the McNay is on New Braunfels Street.”“Whats this place？” I asked，still confused.“Well，its our home.” My heart jolted(震颤).I raced to the staircase and called out，“Sally! Come down immediately！”“Theres

5、 some really good stuff(艺术作品) up there.” She stepped down，looking confused.I pushed her toward the front door，waving at the family，saying，“Sorry，please forgive us，you have a really nice place.” Outside，when I told Sally what happened，she covered her mouth，laughing.She couldnt believe how long they l

6、et us look around without saying anything.The real McNay was splendid，but we felt nervous the whole time we were there.Van Gogh，Picasso.This time，we stayed together，in case anything else unusual happened.Thirty years later，a woman approached me in a public place.“Excuse me，did you ever enter a resid

7、ence，long ago，thinking it was the McNay Museum？”“Yes.But how do you know？We never told anyone.”“That was my home.I was a teenager sitting in the hall.Before you came over，I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in.I never felt lucky before.You thought it was a museum.My feelings about my hom

8、e changed after that.Ive always wanted to thank you.”语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。如果你误把一户人家当成博物馆并且四处参观，会是怎样一种奇特的经历呢？本文中作者讲述了她的亲身体验。41.What do we know about Marian McNay?A.She was a painter.B.She was a community leader.C.She was a museum director.D.She was a journalist.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的watercolorist(水彩画家)可知，Marian

9、McNay是一位painter(画家)。故答案为A。42.Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?A.She disliked people who were nosy.B.She felt nervous when talking to strangers.C.She knew more about art than the man.D.She mistook him for a tour guide.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Tour guides got on my nerves.”(导游令我很

10、烦)可知，“我”把那个人误认为是导游了。故答案为D。43.How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?A.Puzzled. B.Concerned.C.Frightened. D.Delighted.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第四段中“我”被那些人盯着时的疑惑“What was their problem？”及后文中的still confused可知，“我”感到很困惑(puzzled)。故答案为A。44.Why did the author describe the real McNay mus

11、eum in just a few words?A.The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.B.She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.C.The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.D.The event happening in the house was more significant.答案D解析推理判断题。文章最后三段提到30年后“我”偶遇那户人家的一个孩子，她说“我”把她家误认为博物馆

12、使她看到了它的美丽，由此可知，本文作者不是重点描述McNay博物馆，而是描述这次突发事件带来的影响，故答案为D “房子里发生的事更重要”。45.What could we learn from the last paragraph?A.People should have good taste to enjoy life.B.People should spend more time with their family.C.People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.D.People tend to educate teenagers a

13、t a museum.答案C解析推理判断题。从最后一段中那个女士说的话“在你进来之前，我从未意识到我住的是个多么美丽的地方，我以前从未感到过幸运”可推知，人们往往会忽视自己周围事物的美。一、题型解读细节推理判断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(作出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。

14、该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：1.It can be inferred/concluded from the text that .2.What can we infer/learn from.?3.We can learn from the passage that .4.The passage/story.indicates/suggests/implies that .二、解题技巧关键词句细推敲第一步：定位细节根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。第二步：揣摩细节对原文中的信息进行分析，推理判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。注意：1.

15、切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。2.切勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。例如：【真题感悟】中的45题根据文章最后一段中的“Before you came over，I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in.I never felt lucky before.You thought it was a museum.”可知，在作者未造访她家之前，这位女士从未意识到自己住的地方多么美丽，从而可以推断出，人们往往对周围的美视而不见。 故选C。(2018河北区二模)“Can I see my baby？” asked the happ

16、y new mother.The bundle(婴儿包) was placed in her arms and when she moved the fold of cloth to look upon his tiny face，she gaspedthe baby had been born without ears.Time，however，proved that the babys hearing was perfect except his appearance.One day when he rushed home from school and threw himself int

17、o his mothers arms，he cried out bitterly，“A boy，a big boy.called mea freak.” She sighed，knowing that his life was to be endless of heartbreaks.He grew up，handsome for his misfortune.A favorite with his fellow students，he might have been class president，but for that.He developed a gift for literature

18、 and music.The boys father had a talk with the family doctor.“Could nothing be done？” “I believe we could graft(移植) on a pair of outer ears，if they could be donated，” the doctor decided.So the search began for a person who would make such a sacrifice for a young man.Two years went by.Then，“Youre goi

19、ng to the hospital，son.Mother and I have someone who will donate the ears you need.But its a secret.” said the father.The operation was a brilliant success.His talents blossomed into genius.School and college became a series of successes.Later，he married and entered the diplomatic(外交) service.“But I

20、 must know！” he urged his father.“Who gave so much for me? I could never do enough for him.” “I do not believe you could，” said the father，“but the agreement was that you are not to know.not yet.” The years kept the secret，but the day did comeone of the darkest days that ever passed through a son.He

21、 stood with his father over his mothers casket(棺材).Slowly and tenderly，the father stretched forth a hand and raised the thick，reddish-brown hair to let out the secret.1.The story is mainly about .A.how a boy had new ears through an operationB.what a devoted parent privately did for the childC.how a

22、disabled boy turned into a useful person D.why a donator made a sacrifice to a bright boy答案B解析主旨大意题。本文主要讲了一位伟大无私的母亲把自己的耳朵捐给自己的孩子的故事。故选B。2.From the first paragraph we know that the mother .A.was determined to donate her ears to perfect her sonB.kept her husband unknown about the babys situationC.felt

23、 shocked and disappointed to see her new babyD.complained of her bad luck to have a disabled child答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“when she moved the fold of cloth to look upon his tiny face，she gaspedthe baby had been born without ears”可知，母亲看到她的新生儿没有耳朵感到震惊和失望。3.The underlined word “freak” in Paragraph 2 is the c

24、losest in meaning to “ ”.A.slow-acting personB.ugly-looking childC.badly-behaved studentD.strangely-shaped creature答案D解析词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“he cried out bitterly，A boy，a big boy.called me a freak”可知，有个大孩子嘲笑他是“freak”，可能会使很多同学联想到那个男孩子没有耳朵，而将freak一词误理解为“长相丑陋”，下文中描述道“He grew up，handsome for his misfortune”可知，

25、男孩的外表并不丑陋，而是因为没有耳朵在外形上与普通人不一样，因此我们猜测该词的含义为：strangely-shaped creature。4.What can be inferred from the passage?A.The agreement was between the donator and the family.B.The boy was so popular that he was made class president.C.Finally the boy came to know who the donator was.D.The mother donated her ea

26、rs to her son after she died.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，那个男孩在母亲去世，父亲撩开母亲的头发时最终知道了是母亲把耳朵给了他。故选C。5.What moral lesson can we draw from this reading?A.Real love lies in what is done unknown rather than what is done known.B.It is up to parents to help their children heart and soul.C.True beauty lies only in the

27、 heart not in appearance.D.It is a virtue for young generations to learn to be grateful.答案A解析推理判断题。本文通过讲述一位伟大的母亲为儿子捐献耳朵并对儿子保守秘密，让我们感受到了母爱的伟大，有时真爱隐藏在深处而不是流露于外表。B(2018南开区一模)Ask most people anywhere in the world what they want out of life and the reply will probably be：“to be happy”.Ed Deiner，an Americ

28、an psychology professor，has spent his whole professional life studying what makes people happy，comparing levels of happiness between cultures and trying to find out exactly why we enjoy ourselves.Many people would say that this question does not need an answer.But Professor Deiner has one anyway.“If

29、 youre a cheerful，happy person，your marriage is more likely to last，and youre more likely to make money and be successful at your job.On average，happy people have stronger immune systems，and there is some evidence that they live longer.”So who are the worlds happiest people？It depends on how the wor

30、d is defined.There is individual happiness，the sense of joy we get when we do something we like.But there is also the feeling of satisfaction we get when we know that others respect us and approve of how we behave.According to Professor Deiner，the Western world pursues individual happiness while Asi

31、a prefers mutual satisfaction.“In the West，the individualistic culture means that your mood matters much more than it does in the East.People ask themselves if they are doing what is fun or interesting.They become unhappy when they cant do any of these things.If you ask people from Japan or China if

32、 they are happy，they tend to look at what has gone wrong in their lives.If not much has gone wrong，then they are satisfied.”People from Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries had the happiest culture，Professor Deiner found.“The biggest cultural difference is to do with pride and shame.Hispanic(西

33、班牙语的) cultures report much more pride and much less shame than others.”Income also made a big difference to peoples happiness，but only at the lowest levels.Average income earners in the US were much happier than people in poverty.But millionaires were only a little bit happier than people on average

34、 incomes.It seems that money makes us happy when we have enough to feel secure.6.According to the passage，happy people enjoy the following benefits EXCEPT .A.a long marriage B.respect from othersC.profession success D.better health答案B解析细节理解题。由第二段第三、四句“If youre a cheerful，happy person，your marriage i

35、s more likely to last，and youre more likely to make money and be successful at your job.On average，happy people have stronger immune systems，and there is some evidence that they live longer.”可知，快乐的人婚姻更长久，工作更成功，寿命也更长。即长久的婚姻、健康、事业成功都属于快乐带来的好处。文中并未提到快乐可以给人带来尊重。7.In Professor Deiners opinion， .A.Asians

36、have a culture to enjoy individual happinessB.Westerners care more about mutual satisfaction than AsiansC.Asians focus more on others respect and approval than WesternersD.Westerners value individual happiness as much as mutual satisfaction答案C解析推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“According to Professor Deiner，the Wester

37、n world pursues individual happiness while Asia prefers mutual satisfaction.”可知，Deiner认为西方人更追求个人的快乐，而亚洲人却追求双向满意。由此可推知，亚洲人比西方人更在意别人的尊重和认同。8.What can be inferred from the fifth paragraph?A.Attitude towards pride and shame results in Spanish happiness.B.Spanish people take too much pride in themselves.

38、C.Hispanic cultures lay stress on pride and shame.D.If you are from Spain，you are the happiest.答案A解析推理判断题。第五段大意为“来自西班牙和以西班牙语为母语国家的人拥有最快乐的文化，Deiner发现最大的文化差别在于对骄傲和耻辱的态度，西班牙文化比其他文化更强调骄傲而非耻辱”。由此可推知，对骄傲和耻辱的态度造就了西班牙语文化的快乐属性，所以A项正确。9.In the last paragraph，the author seems to tell us .A.poor people enjoy th

39、e same happiness as millionairesB.the higher income one gets，the happier life he livesC.average income earners live the happiest lifeD.enough money can make us feel safe and happy答案D解析推理判断题。最后一段大意为“收入也会导致快乐程度的不同，美国中产阶层比贫穷阶层过得更快乐，但百万富翁只比中产阶层快乐一点点，钱会使人快乐是因为当我们拥有足够的钱时我们会有安全感。”由此可知，作者在最后一段表达了“足够多的钱会让人们感

40、到快乐和安全”这样一种看法，所以D项正确；但此段并无“钱越多人就越快乐”之意，B项将“足够多的钱能让人快乐”和“钱越多人越快乐”混为一谈，所以B项错误。10.The passage is mainly about .A.cultural differences in happinessB.the happiest cultureC.reasons for happinessD.benefits of happiness答案C解析主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了令人快乐的原因，第一段中的“an American psychology professor，has spent his whole prof

41、essional life studying what makes people happy”引出后文所有内容，可见文章重点是关于快乐原因的讨论，所以C项正确。题型组合练(七).单项填空1.The language in the companys statement is highly ，thus making its staff confused.A.ambiguous B.apparentC.appropriate D.aggressive答案A解析句意为：公司的声明中用的语言非常含糊，因此使得职员们非常困惑。ambiguous含糊的，不明确的；apparent明显的；appropriat

42、e适当的；aggressive有进取心的。由后面的“making its staff confused”可知，公司的声明非常的含糊。故A选项正确。2.The Tang Dynasty is generally regarded as a golden chapter by people worldwide， the Chinese civilization influenced many neighboring countries.A.where B.when C.which D.who答案B解析句意为：唐朝被世界范围的人们认为是一个黄金时期，在这个时期，中国文明影响了很多邻近的国家。“ th

43、e Chinese civilization influenced many neighboring countries”是非限制性定语从句，修饰the Tang Dynasty，引导词在从句中作时间状语，故应用关系副词when引导该从句。B选项正确。3.How was your job interview?Very successful.I my homework about the company，you know.A.had done B.have doneC.did D.was doing答案A解析句意为：你的工作面试怎么样？非常成功。你知道我了解过这家公司。由第一句可知，参加面试是过

44、去的行为，那么了解该公司应该是面试之前的行为，即过去的过去，故该句应用过去完成时态。A选项正确。4.The educational reform is now under way throughout the country， the students more opportunities to develop to their greatest potential.A.to grant B.having grantedC.granting D.granted答案C解析句意为：全国正在进行教育改革，给了学生们更多发挥最大潜力的机会。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，主语the educ

45、ational reform与grant之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。C选项正确。5.When Paul for the final game of the basketball season，his fans let out shouts of cry.A.made up B.showed upC.caught up D.held up答案B解析句意为：当保罗出现在篮球赛季的最后一场比赛上时，他的粉丝们爆发出喊叫声。make up组成，编造；show up到场，出现；catch up赶上；hold up举起，耽搁。粉丝喊叫应该是保罗出场时，故B选项正确。6. more than 100 sm

46、all regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.A.Scattered around the globe areB.Scattering are around the globeC.Are around the globe scatteredD.Are scattered around the globe答案A解析句意为：地球上散落分布着100多个小而离散的火山活跃区，地质学家称之为“热点”。正常语序是“More than 100 small regions of isolated volca

47、nic activity known to geologists as hot spots are scattered around the globe.”表语提前，把系动词提到主语前面构成倒装。7. his high social status，it is really hard for us to his joining us in going west to teach children there.A.Considering；opposeB.Considered；prevent fromC.To consider；persuadeD.Being considered；object to

48、答案A解析句意为：鉴于他的高社会地位，我们真的很难反对他和我们一起去西部教书。considering prep.鉴于，oppose v.反对，根据句意可知答案为A。8.In the past，science class started from grade three.But the new curriculum allows junior students to natural sciences earlier.A.priority B.privilegeC.adaptation D.access答案D解析priority 优先权；privilege特权；adaptation适应；acces

49、s(使用或见到的)机会。句意为：在过去，科学课程从三年级开始。但是新课程使初级学生可以更早地接触自然科学。根据句意可知答案为D。9. made the school proud was more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.A.What；because B.What；thatC.That；what D.That；because答案B解析分析句子结构可知， made the school proud缺少主语，另外还要引导主语从句，故此只能选择what，由此先排除C、D两项。再结合 more than

50、 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities结构完整不缺少成分，只需要引导词，所以选用that。故选B。10.Recent pressure at work may his abnormal behavior.A.push for B.exchange forC.account for D.head for答案C解析push for为而奋力争取；exchange for交换；account for解释的原因；head for朝走去。句意为：最近工作压力可能是他反常行为的原因。故选C。.完形填空Rafael stares a

51、t the math problem in front of him：11*7.I simply 11 him，asking，“Well，how did the 12 explain these sorts of exercises？” Rafael begins drawing circles lined up in rows of five，and I help him 13 the rows.Then I show him a(n) 14 way and watch him start to get the hang of it.“Do you 15 now？” “Mm-hm.” He

52、writes a big 77 next to the math problem.Every Tuesday afternoon，I 16 ninety minutes helping elementary school children 17 Rafael who live in a low-income neighborhood near my high school.I help them with their 18 .The first time I visited the childrens center，I was eight.My mother，who taught the ki

53、ds English，had 19 to bring them some of our old 20 and asked if I wanted to come to their 21 .Hearing this demand，I was a bit 22 .What could I do? I was only eight.But，as I learned，you can always help them 23 .That particular day I helped a seven-year-old boy read one of the books we had brought.Eve

54、r since，weve been good friends.Now，nine years later，I still 24 in this childrens center.Even though it might seem 25 to help kids read stories about farm animals，or show them how to multiply numbers，those are the things that build them into 26 adults.The families of these kids are usually immigrants

55、 who arent able to help their kids with schoolwork or 27 give them a warm meal every day.That is 28 they are there.The 29 is where someone makes sure they do their homework；its where they grow and learn where they feel 30 .I cant stress enough how lucky I feel to be a part of that.11.A.laugh at B.gl

56、are atC.shout at D.glance at答案D解析laugh at嘲笑；glare at怒视；shout at大喊；glance at一瞥。句意为：我只是瞥了(glance at)他一眼。12.A.sister B.teacherC.father D.student答案B解析这是一个数学问题，可以推断是在问“老师(teacher)是怎么解释这些练习题的？”13.A.count B.drawC.plant D.find答案A解析count数；draw画；plant种植；find查找。根据上文可知，这是一道跟数学有关的问题，所以应该填入“计数”。句意为：拉斐尔开始画五行的圆圈，我帮

57、他数(count)行数。14.A.strange B.differentC.available D.free答案B解析strange奇怪的；different不同的；available可获得的；free免费的。此处是指作者教给他解决数学题的另一种不同的方法。15.A.understand B.hearC.remember D.leave答案A解析understand明白；hear听到；remember记得；leave离开。根据上文教了孩子另一种方法和下文孩子自己计算出答案可知，这里应填“明白”。句意为：现在你明白(understand)了吗？16.A.cost B.wasteC.take D.

58、spend答案D解析cost花费；waste浪费；take花费，耗费(时间等)；spend花费。此句为sb. spend time doing sth. 固定搭配，意为“某人花时间做某事”，故选D。17.A.unlike B.asC.like D.beyond答案C解析unlike不像；as如同；like像；beyond超过，越过。本句的意思是帮助像拉斐尔这样的小学生。18.A.homework B.houseworkC.teamwork D.handwork答案A解析根据下文“they do their homework”可知，此处是指我辅导他们做作业。19.A.decided B.pret

59、endedC.agreed D.refused答案A解析decide决定；pretend假装；agree同意；refuse拒绝。句意为：我的母亲教孩子们英语，她决定给他们带一些我们的旧书并询问我是否愿意帮助他们。20.A.toys B.clothesC.pens D.books答案D解析根据下文“That particular day I helped a seven-year-old boy read one of the books we had brought.”说明带过去的是书。21.A.rescue B.sensesC.assistance D.resistance答案C解析resc

60、ue营救，援救，解救；sense感觉；assistance援助，帮助；resistance阻力，抵抗。此处是指妈妈问我是否愿意给他们提供帮助(assistance)。22.A.confused B.thrilledC.delighted D.shocked答案A解析根据下文“What could I do？I was only eight.”可知，作者觉得：我能做些什么呢？我只有八岁。可以判断作者对此感到困惑(confused)。23.A.therefore B.thusC.somehow D.however答案C解析therefore因此；thus因此；somehow以某种方式，不知何故；h

61、owever无论如何。句意为：但是，我感到我总能以某种方式帮助他们。24.A.volunteer B.studyC.serve D.stay答案A解析volunteer自愿(做某事)；study学习；serve服务；stay停留。句意为：9年后的今天，我仍然在这个儿童中心做志愿者(volunteer)。25.A.invisible B.independentC.unavoidable D.insignificant答案D解析invisible无形的，看不见的；independent独立的；unavoidable不可避免的；insignificant无关紧要的。后面的主句说这些事情帮助孩子们长大

62、成人，这是一项非常重要的事情，Even though为转折词“尽管”，说明此处指看起来无关紧要(insignificant)。26.A.successful B.gratefulC.careful D.peaceful答案A解析successful成功的；grateful感谢的；careful仔细的，小心的；peaceful和平的，平静的。想把孩子们培养成一个什么样的成人呢，必然是成功的人，因此，此空应填successful。27.A.ever B.stillC.even D.yet答案C解析ever永远；still仍然；even甚至，即使；yet然而。根据句意可知，后面的句子更深一步地强调了

63、孩子们的处境，所以这里填的应该是带有递进性的副词。句意为：甚至(even)不能每天给他们一顿温暖的饭。28.A.where B.whenC.how D.why答案D解析前面描述的是这些孩子们的处境，句意为：这就是为什么(why)他们在那里(儿童中心)。29.A.school B.centerC.home D.classroom答案B解析本段一直在描述与儿童中心有关的内容，根据上下文这里应该指上文提到的“the childrens center”。句意为：在这个中心里，有人会确保他们做自己的功课。30.A.made use of B.taken care ofC.caught sight of

64、D.taken charge of答案B解析make use of使用，利用；take care of照顾，抚养；catch sight of瞥见；take charge of接管，负责。根据句意，可知此处是指这里让孩子们感到被照顾。.阅读理解(2018天津十二区县一模)Many public figures from IT，show business，and sports have joined the Ice Bucket Challenge to raise money for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)(肌萎缩性侧索硬化) research.

65、A number of international famous people have already taken the challenge，including Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates，Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg，A founder and CEO Jeff Bezos，and Apple Inc.CEO Tim Cook.Troubled musician Justin Bieber even challenged US President Barack Obama.The ALS Ice Bucket Challen

66、ge requires that participants pour a bucket of ice water on themselves and then post a video of it on social media while nominating one or more people to do the same within 24 hours.People who fail to take the challenge will have to donate 100 to The ALS Association，which advocates finding treatment

67、 and a cure for ALS.And many of those whove taken the challenge donated as well.ALS is a rare disease that gradually reduces patients muscle strength，finally making them become unable to speak，move，swallow and breathe.In North America，ALS is commonly known as Lou Gehrigs disease，after the star baseb

68、all player who died of the disease in 1941 at the age of 38.The best-known ALS patient today is British scientist Stephen Hawking.While most people with ALS survive only two to five years after diagnosis(诊断)，Hawking has had the disease for decades.The medical treatment for ALS is very expensive and

69、cannot be covered by most social welfare programs.This creates difficulties for many ALS patients and their families，both physically and mentally.“Due to the ice bucket campaign，many people are beginning to know about ALS.With more people aware and more people taking part in the fight against ALS，we

70、 can calmly work with not only other ALS organizations，but also with medical companies to speed up new treatments for people affected by the disease，” said Barbara Newhouse，President and CEO of The ALS Association.31.Why does the author mention many famous people in Paragraph 1?A.To stress the popul

71、arity of the Ice Bucket Challenge.B.To advise us to learn from them.C.To prove they are generous.D.To introduce the target group of the Ice Bucket Challenge.答案A解析推理判断题。文章第一段主要介绍很多名人都参与了冰桶挑战，故可推知作者意在通过列举名人吸引读者注意，突出强调冰桶挑战的流行，进而引出下文对冰桶挑战及背景的介绍，故A项正确。32.Paragraph 2 is mainly about the Ice Bucket challen

72、ges .A.influence B.purposeC.rules D.development答案C解析段落大意题。第二段主要讲的是冰桶挑战要求参与者要将一桶冰水倒在自己身上，并在社交媒体上发布一个视频，提名一个或更多的人在24小时内做同样的事情，那些没有完成挑战的人要捐100美元给ALS机构。因此，第二段主要讲的是冰桶挑战的规则，rules符合文意。influence意为“影响”；purpose意为“目的”；development意为“发展”，均不符合文意。33.The person who is nominated for the challenge is required to .A.d

73、onate 100 to The ALS AssociationB.watch others videos on social mediaC.help find effective treatments for ALSD.pour ice water on himself within time答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The ALS Ice Bucket Challenge requires that participants pour a bucket of ice water on themselves and then post a video of it on socia

74、l media while nominating one or more people to do the same within 24 hours.”可知，被提名参加冰桶挑战的人要在规定时间内把冰水倒在自己身上。34.What do we know about ALS from the text?A.ALS is fairly common now.B.Lou Gehrig was first cured of ALS.C.It is rare for people with ALS to survive decades.D.Social welfare programs provide m

75、edical treatments for ALS.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段第四句“While most people with ALS survive only two to five years after diagnosis(诊断).”可知，大多数患有ALS的人在确诊后一般只活了2到5年。故可推知，很少患有ALS的人能够活数十年，故C项正确。35.According to Barbara Newhouse，the Ice Bucket Challenge .A.makes more people well aware of ALSB.teaches people how to fight against ALSC.makes medical companies help ALS patientsD.attracts many people to join ALS organizations答案A解析细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句Due to the ice bucket campaign，many people are beginning to know about ALS.可知，冰桶挑战使很多人了解了ALS，故A项正确。