2020_2021学年新教材高中英语Unit3SeaExplorationUsingLanguage素养作业含解析新人教版选择性必修第四册202103131159.doc

1、Unit 3Using Language. 单句语法填空1. Change of climate must have had a powerful influence on migration (migrate). 2. I have in my possession (possess) a letter which may be of interest to you. 3. They have no mercy on the poor father and daughter. 4. A man is under arrest following the suspicious death of

2、 his wife. 5. Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds, blocking (block) roads, paths and railway lines. 6. What makes his parents worried is not his grades but that he hasnt any interest in learning. 7. Many chemicals have a damaging (damage) effect on the environment. 8. Both of

3、 them have been through an awful lot and hopefully (hopeful) now I can help them rebuild their lives. 9. The audience applauded(applause) their favorite singer as she came on the stage. 10. There is nothing but criticism for the untrue coverage(cover) of the football game on the website. . 完成句子1. Th

4、ey were lost at the sea, at the mercy of the wind and weather. 他们在海上迷了路, 任凭风和天气的摆布。2. We cant take possession of the house until all the papers have been signed. 所有的文件都签字以后, 我们才能拥有这房子。3. As I looked through the book, several printing mistakes arrested my sight. 我翻阅这本书时发现了几个印刷错误。4. They may be able t

5、o help with childcare so that you can have a break. 他们可以帮忙照料孩子, 这样你就可以歇一歇了。5. Scientists have been exploring space, and meanwhile manned submersibles are being improved underwater. 科学家们一直在探索太空, 同时载人潜艇也在水下改进。. 阅读理解AWe know more about the surface of the planet Mars than we know about what is at the bo

6、ttom of Earths oceans. Until recently, scientists had mapped only about 20 percent of the sea floor. But our knowledge of the deep seas is changing because of information from satellites. Scientists have produced a new map that provides a detailed picture of the oceans. The new map is twice as detai

7、led as the map made 20 years ago. David Sandwell is a geophysics professor at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California. He and other scientists worked on the mapping project. He says they turned to space to look deeper into the ocean. “The way were doing that is to use

8、 a satellite altimeter(测高仪), a radar to map the topography(地形) of the ocean surface. That is because the ocean surface topography is different because of gravitational(引力的) effects. ”The scientists collected and studied information from two satellites. One was the European Space Agencys Cryo-2 satel

9、lite that was placed in Earths orbit to watch sea ice. The other satellite is the American space agencys Jason-1, studying the surface of the oceans. Scientists combined the satellite data with images gathered by equipment on ships. The equipment works by sending sound waves through the water. When

10、the sound waves hit an object, its presence is confirmed. The new map shows the sea floor as it has never been seen before. It shows thousands of underwater mountains and places where continents pulled apart. It shows where earthquakes were active many years ago. In one place, three mountain ridges(

11、山脊) join at the same area. “Its called the Indian Ocean Triple Junction. Its one of my favorite spots in the ocean. You have three platesthe African plate, and the Indo-Australian plate and the Antarctic plateall connected at this one point in the center of the Indian Ocean, ” says David Sandwell. T

12、he map is a powerful tool for those interested in protecting the environment and for oil exploration. It also can help ships travel safely and improve scientific projects worldwide. Of course, scientists will make many more discoveries as they examine the new map and the information it provides. 【文章

13、大意】本文是说明文。讲述科学家绘制了海底面积百分之二十的地图, 得益于卫星传来的信息, 有助于我们对于深海的了解更加详细。1. We can owe the success of the new mapping project to . A. the details of the old mapB. Europes cooperation with AmericaC. scientists continual measuring work under the seaD. the application of radar and sound wave measuring equipment【解析

14、】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段的The way were doing that is to use a satellite altimeter, a radar to map the topography of the ocean surface和第四段的The equipment works by sending sound waves through the water. When the sound waves hit an object, its presence is confirmed. 可知, 我们可以把新的绘图项目的成功归功于雷达和声波测量设备的应用。故选D。2. What d

15、oes the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? A. They hoped to use space technology to map the ocean floor. B. They wanted the satellite to produce the map. C. They had never explored the deeper ocean. D. They decided to search the outer space. 【解析】选A。词句猜测题。根据下文David Sandwell教授说的The way were doin

16、g that is to use. . . different because of gravitational effects. 可知, 画线部分说的是他们求助于太空来更深入地探索海洋, 也就是希望利用空间技术绘制海底地图。故选A。3. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4? A. The function of sound waves. B. The differences of two satellites. C. The difficulties of mapping the oceansD. The process of mapping

17、 the ocean floor. 【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据第四段内容可知, 本段讲述科学家们从两颗卫星收集和研究信息。科学家将卫星数据与船上设备收集的图像结合起来。因此推断本段主要讲述绘制海床的过程。故选D。4. The fifth paragraph is used to . A. show the discovery through the new mapB. prove the earthquakes were active under the oceanC. explain how the ocean floor developedD. introduce what the u

18、nderwater mountains were like【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第五段的The new map shows the sea floor . . . many years ago. 可知, 本段被用来展示新地图的发现。故选A。B“Shine in the dark” dolphins may seem like something straight out of a science fiction movie. However, that is precisely what Newport Coastal Adventures Captain Ryan Lawler an

19、d professional videographer Patrick Coyne witnessed, when they set out to explore the spectacular blue tides that have been lighting up the waters off Southern Californias coast since mid-April. The partner scanned the ocean for hours and was returning to shore when they spotted the “electric” dolph

20、ins swimming through the bloom of shining plankton(浮游生物). The videographer, who had seen the phenomenon only once before in a Netflix show, says catching the scenes proved to be a lot harder than he had expected. “For starters, the shining plankton has sweet spots to where it shows up and then fades

21、 away, so while on the water, its impossible to just find it, ” Coyne says. “Also, conditions have to be absolutely perfect for the shining plankton to show and for animals to swim through it so we can film it. ”Though witnessing shining sea life is rare, the electrifying blue ocean scenery is a fai

22、rly common sight around Southern California between February and September. The phenomenon can be attributed to the presence of millions of plankton, which tend to gather and reproduce in large quantities in the warm coastal waters during this time. Though a majority of Californias red tides are cau

23、sed by plankton species that do not produce deadly poison, some algal blooms(藻花)can be dangerous for sea animals, especially when they stay for long periods of time. In 2018, an almost year-long “red tide” along Floridas Gulf coast caused by the excessive growth of microalgae Karenia Brevis, killed

24、hundreds of fish and other sea animals. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发光的浮游生物, 以及说明了浮游生物过度生长会导致海洋生物的死亡。5. What does the underlined phrase “sweet spots” in Paragraph 2 mean? A. A sea plant. B. A lost world. C. A perfect moment. D. A missing camera. 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。由第二段中的“For starters, the shining plankton . . . it

25、s impossible to just find it, ”可知, 发光的浮游生物在它们出现和消失的地方都有自己的闪光点, “sweet spots”指的是浮游生物出现和消失的地方, 是一个完美的时刻。故选C项。6. What is the main reason for the sea life shining? A. They absorb the light in the ocean and then reflect it. B. They are surrounded by millions of shining plankton. C. They swim through the

26、ocean with electricity in large quantities. D. They benefit from the warm water to power themselves. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第三段中的“Though witnessing shining sea life is rare. . . during this time. ”可知, 海洋生物发光的主要原因是, 它们被数百万闪亮的浮游生物包围着。故选B项。7. What caused the death of some sea animals according to the text? A. R

27、ed tides. B. Human exploration. C. Warm water. D. Algal blooms. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第四段中的“Though a majority of Californias red tides. . . killed hundreds of fish and other sea animals. ”可知, 造成海洋生物死亡的原因是藻类的繁殖。故选D项。8. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear? A. Science. B. Health. C. Entertainm

28、ent. D. Education. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章内容可知, 文章介绍了发光的浮游生物, 以及说明了浮游生物过度生长会导致海洋生物的死亡。可以推断, 这篇说明文可能出现在报纸的科学版面。故选A项。. 阅读填句Beginning with Chinese efforts to explore and connect with Central Asia, the Silk Road consisted of massive small routes and was named after the silk cloth the Chinese produced. 1 Throu

29、gh these routes, Chinese silk, porcelain, lacquer work and ironware were shipped to the West, while pepper, flax, spices, grape and pomegranate entered China. 2 They promoted flow of knowledge as well. Arab astronomy, calendar and medicine found their way to China, while Chinas four great inventions

30、 and silkworm breeding spread to other parts of the world. 3 For example, Buddhism originated in India, blossomed in China and was enriched in Southeast Asia. Confucianism, which was born in China, gained appreciation by European thinkers such as Leibniz and Voltaire. Herein lies the appeal of mutua

31、l (相互的) learning. The ancient silk routes witnessed the busy scenes of visits and trade over land and ships calling at ports. Along these major routes, capital, technology and people flowed freely. 4 The ancient prosperous cities and ports developed, so did the Roman Empire as well as Parthia and Ku

32、shan Kingdoms. The Han and Tang Dynasties of China entered the golden age. The ancient silk routes brought prosperity to these regions and contributed to their development. Some regions along the ancient Silk Road used to be a land of milk and honey. Yet today, these places are often associated with

33、 conflict, crisis and challenge. 5 Now, the Belt and Road Initiative intends to build an open platform of cooperation and a broad community of shared interests. It will not only achieve economic growth and balanced development, but also connect different civilizations. Mutual understanding, mutual r

34、espect, and mutual trust among different countries will be boosted. A. More importantly, ideas were also exchanged. B. The ancient silk routes were not only for trade. C. Goods, resources and benefits were widely shared. D. Such state of affairs should not be allowed to continue. E. However, silk wa

35、s just one of many goods traded on these routes. F. Large empires provided stability and protection for the trade routes. G. The Silk Road was never an actual road, or even a single massive trade route. 【文章大意】本文是说明文, 介绍了丝绸之路的发展历史和意义, 不仅有物资贸易, 也有知识传播和观念的交流。现在的“一带一路”提供了一个合作、均衡发展的平台。1. 【解析】选E。此处是词汇复现线索

36、。根据后一句“通过这些路线, 中国丝绸、瓷器、漆器和铁器被运往西方, 而辣椒、亚麻、香料、葡萄和石榴进入中国”可知此段说的是丝绸之路上物资的贸易。silk是词汇复现。选项E意为: 然而, 丝绸只是在这些路线上交易的许多商品之一。故选E项。2. 【解析】选B。此处是逻辑线索和代词指代。后一句as well 表示递进关系, not only与as well 相关联。选项B意为: 古代丝绸之路不仅是为了贸易。They指代the ancient silk routes。故选B项。3. 【解析】选A。空后举例“Buddhism佛教、Confucianism儒家思想”说明丝绸之路上观念的交流。选项A引出下

37、一句的话题, 意为: 更重要的是, 还交流了观点。故选A项。4. 【解析】选C。此处是词汇线索。前一句“资本、技术和人员自由流动(flowed freely)”和选项C中were widely shared 意思相关联。选项C意为: 商品、资源和利益被广泛分享。故选C项。5. 【解析】选D。此处是代词指代线索。 空前一句“然而今天, 这些地方往往与冲突、危机和挑战联系在一起”。选项D中such state of affairs 指代上一句中陈述的状况。选项D意为: 这种状况不应继续下去。故选D项。主题活动迁移应用. 语用功能表达描写海洋的词汇sea海; open sea远海; ocean大洋;

38、 inlet小湾; bay海湾, 湾; gulf海湾; cove湾; cape海角; promontory, headland海角, 岬; cliff悬崖峭壁; port, harbour(美作: harbor)港; bay, roadstead碇泊; sandbank沙滩; beach海滩; strait海峡; isthmus地峡; reef礁石; key暗礁; sandbar沙洲; tide潮; wave浪; undertow回头浪; tempest风暴; ground swell 涌浪; seaquake海震, 海啸; lowwater最低水位; territorial waters领海

39、, 领水; ice floe 冰川; ice berg冰山; shore海岸; bank河岸; estuary湖港区; delta三角洲; mouth 河口; current, watercourse水流; stream, brook小溪; torrent湍流山溪; rapids急流; source源头; spring泉; bed河床; flood洪水; flow泛滥; swelling, freshet河水猛涨, 涨水; basin流域; tributary支流; confluent汇合点; meander河曲; canal运河; waterfall, falls, cascade瀑布; c

40、ataract大瀑布. 话题情景交流Mark: So Sorie, 1. firstly, talking about ocean sports and being on the ocean (首先, 我们来谈谈海上运动以及在海上游玩). Maybe you could talk about your ocean swimming experience in Ogasawara. Sorie: Yeah, I love swimming. Its so peaceful to be there in the ocean. And the ocean in Ogasawara was very

41、clear and 2. meanwhile you could see so many fishes (并且与此同时, 你可以看到很多鱼类) and Id love to go swimming and immersed in the ocean. It was like another world. It was very beautiful. But later on. Mark: What happened? Sorie: 3. It began when my friends had come to visit and so, we went fishing (这件事发生在我朋友过来

42、看我, 我们去钓鱼的时候). But before they started fishing, I decided to go for a swim. And I swam, and I could see all the way to the bottom of the ocean. 4. And at that time, I saw this fish but they were actually not fish, they were sharks (在那时候我看到了一种鱼, 其实那并不是鱼, 那是鲨鱼). They were white-tipped sharks. Mark: Wo

43、w. Sorie: There were four of them at the bottom of the ocean. And I just remember that one you have to do is to keep calm. So I did that. After that I swam out. 5. I told my friends, “There are four sharks down there, so get me out of here” (我告诉我的朋友们, “海底有四只鲨鱼, 快带我离开这里”). So they got me out of there

44、 but my heart was beating so fast. I was so scared. Mark: Were they dangerous? Those sharks? Sorie: Well, theyre not dangerous. They might be able to bite a finger off but I didnt want that to happen either. So as soon as I saw them, I came out of the place. Yeah, but that was so scary. Mark: Wow. Oh, it sounds beautiful and amazing and dangerous all the same time.