2020-2021学年英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册单元综合检测 UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS WORD版含解析.doc

1、单元综合检测(一).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)AWhen Alfred Nobel created the prizes that bear his name，he decided that they be given for work done in the previous year.But it has led to all kinds of troubleas it did once again this month，when the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology was awarded to a dead ma

2、n.It is a complex story，one that could not have been foreseen when Nobel，the Swedish inventor，died in 1896.But it all traces back to his will，written at a time when international prizes were an original idea.Nobel did not say why he wanted to reward scientists who “made the most important discovery”

3、 during the previous year.One can guess that he wanted to reward presentday innovation and not to give tombstone awards to Galileo，Hippocrates，and other scientists from centuries past.But will and science often got involved.The oneyear timing proved impractical；scientific findings generally need to

4、be tested，sometimes for decades，before their value is appreciated.Perhaps to avoid the Galileo problem，the Nobel Foundation did state clearly that the award be given only to living people；that rule was made formal in the 1970s.But the rule against posthumous (死后的)awards has now been violated several

5、 timesmost recently this month，when the prize in medicine was given to Dr.Ralph MSteinman，a scientist at Rockefeller University，who died three days before his election.His discovery，called dendritic cells(树突细胞)，took place in 1973.The first posthumous winner was the poet Erik Karlfeldt.Karlfeldt had

6、refused his selection in 1918 because he was a longtime member of the Swedish Nobel Academy.When he was selected again in 1931，he had died that April. What happens if a candidate dies？The Nobel Foundation might consider changes at its next meeting.One possibility would be to withhold(阻止)the announce

7、ment of an award until a Nobel official hears the winners voice on the famous notification calls.【语篇解读】诺贝尔奖是一个国际奖项，用来奖励前一年在科学上取得重大发现的人。诺贝尔基金会明确说明这个奖项只颁给活着的人，但科学发现需要时间来检验。诺贝尔奖能颁给死去的人吗？或许诺贝尔奖需要一些变革。1What did Alfred Nobel create the prizes for?ATo make himself remembered forever.BTo attract internation

8、al attention to Sweden.CTo encourage contributions to mankind.DTo honor some dead outstanding discoverers.C推理判断题。根据第一段中的“he decided that they be given for work done in the previous year”和第三段中的“One can guess that he wanted to reward presentday innovation.”可知，创立诺贝尔奖的目的就是奖励其所在时代的科学发现或重大成就。2Why has the

9、Nobel Prize brought about trouble?AThe oneyear timing is not workable.BNobel Foundation tries to break his will.CNobels fortune is not well managed.DCandidates are hard to be selected worldwide.A细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The oneyear timing proved impractical；scientific findings generally need to be tested，somet

10、imes for decades，before their value is appreciated.”可知答案。3What do the examples of the scientist Ralph MSteinman and the poet Erik Karlfeldt suggest?AThe Nobel Foundation should obey the rules.BSome rules of the prize call for reform. CThe Nobel Academy failed to perform their duty.DThe winner should

11、 live a very long life. B推理判断题。根据上文可知，诺贝尔奖规定只颁发给健在的科学家，可是这一年的诺贝尔医学奖颁发给了已经去世的Ralph MSteinman，1931年的诺贝尔文学奖颁发给了已逝的诗人Erik Karlfeldt，这两个例子足以说明诺贝尔奖的一些规定需要改革。4According to the last paragraph，the Nobel Prize is announced to the winner Ain secretBthrough a visitCby emailDon the telephoneD细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句话中

12、的“.until a Nobel official hears the winners voice on the famous notification calls”可知答案。BMy husband，my fourmonthold daughter and I set out on a fiveday driving journey from California to Washington.We had to stop frequently because our little child needed to stretch from the car seat.One of our stop

13、s，once we crossed the Oregon border，was at a Black Bear Diner.Walking towards the front door we noticed a gentleman standing at one side.He was clearly untidy，without shoes and wearing worn clothing.We passed right by him and opened the restaurant door.Then something told me to go back.Holding my da

14、ughter，I turned around and said to the gentleman，“Sir.Are you hungry？” He said，“Yes.” I then asked，“May we buy you something to eat？” He responded with，“Sure，I can order something myself.”My husband opened the door and the gentleman went straight to the counter.I told him to order whatever he wanted

15、.The manager of the restaurant came over quite quickly and looked frightened.I spoke before he had an opportunity to.“This gentleman will have lunch with us today，” I said.“Please add his order to our bill.” The manager said with a frown(皱眉)，“Okay.” We turned to our table and the gentleman said，loud

16、ly and quickly，“Thank you！” We were seated and upon completing our meal we were handed our bill.I asked my husband what the gentleman had ordered.One fresh orange juice，one coffee，one breakfast combination with a side of hash browns.When we left the restaurant I looked for the gentleman but didnt se

17、e him，but that very small act just made my day.I hope in some small way we were able to add some joy to his life，even if only for a few minutes.【语篇解读】作者在本文中讲述了一家人去饭馆吃饭时，帮助了一个乞丐模样的人。作者从帮助别人的行为中感到了极大的快乐。5From the appearance of the gentleman，we can guess he was probably a(n) AwaiterBactorCbeggarDworker

18、C推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“He was clearly untidy，without shoes and wearing worn clothing.”可知，那个男人看上去像是一个乞丐。故选C项。6The manager of the restaurant looked frightened because Athe man was not friendlyBthe man had stolen something from the restaurantChe had fired the man beforeDhe was afraid the man wouldnt afford to

19、 pay the foodD推理判断题。根据常识可知，那个男人看上去像是一个乞丐，饭馆经理肯定是怕他付不起饭钱，所以感到害怕。故选D项。7From the passage，we can infer the man Awas thankful for their kind actBfelt ashamed and slipped awayCwas hungry and ate a lot of foodDwas too proud to accept their offerA推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We turned to our table and the gentleman said，l

20、oudly and quickly，Thank you！”可知，那个男人对作者一家很是感激。故选A项。CAlbert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879.He was a quiet child who spent much of his time alone.He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read.When Albert was five years old，his father gave him a compass.The child was filled with wonder

21、when he discovered that the compass needle always pointed in the same directionto the north.He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move.Albert did not like school.The German schools of that time were not pleasant.Students could not ask questions.Albert said he felt as if he were

22、 in prison.In 1905，Albert Einstein published some important papers in a German scientific magazine.They included one of the most important scientific documents in history.It explained what came to be called his “Special Theory of Relativity(相对论)”Ten years later he expanded it to a “General Theory of

23、 Relativity”In 1921，he won the Nobel Prize in Physics.It was given to him not for his theories of relativity，but for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect(光电效应)Albert Einstein left Germany in 1933.He moved to the United States to continue his research.Einstein became a citizen of the

24、United States in 1940.Einstein was a famous man，but you would not have known that by looking at him.His white hair was long and wild.He wore old clothes.He showed an inner joy when he was playing his violin or talking about his work.Students and friends said he had a way of explaining difficult idea

25、s using images that were easy to understand.Einstein spent the last twentyfive years of his life working on what he called a “unified field theory”. He hoped to find a common mathematical statement that could tie together all the different parts of physics.However，he did not succeed.Albert Einstein

26、died in 1955 at the age of seventysix.【语篇解读】本文简要介绍了爱因斯坦的生平。8What do we know about Albert Einstein in his childhood?AHe was very clever.BHe liked talking with people.CHe was curious about new things.DHe was good at inventing new things.C推理判断题。根据第一段关于爱因斯坦对罗盘产生好奇的故事可以推断出，他对新事物充满好奇心，因此C项正确。9Whats the ri

27、ght order of the following events about Albert Einstein?aHe became a citizen of the United States.bHe won the Nobel Prize in Physics.cHe put forward his “General Theory of Relativity”dHe left Germany for the United States.Ad，b，c，aBd，a，c，bCb，c，d，aDc，b，d，aD细节排序题。根据文章第三、四、五段可以得知，a、b、c、d四项发生的时间分别为1940年、

28、1921年、1915年及1933年，因此D项正确。10What can be inferred about Albert Einstein from the passage?AAlbert Einstein didnt like asking questions at school.BAlbert Einstein hated school for its strict rules.CAlbert Einstein cared little about how he looked.DAlbert Einsteins lessons were too difficult to understan

29、d.C推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可以判断，爱因斯坦是一个在生活中不拘小节、不在乎自己外表的人。11Whats the passage mainly about?AThe life story of Albert Einstein.BThe scientific discoveries of Albert Einstein.CAlbert Einstein and his theories of relativity.DHow Albert Einstein won great success in his life.A主旨大意题。本文简要介绍了爱因斯坦的生平，因此A项最为恰当。DWe sit

30、too much，and researchers are discovering that even working out in a gym several times a week wont necessarily obviate serious problems if were sitting for the rest of the time.From weight problems to poor blood glucose(葡萄糖) levels，even early death，the message is clear：we need to stop sitting for hou

31、rs at a time.What to do？“Move more，” say the experts.So we asked three fitness instructors for their preferred exercises that dont require equipment and can be done throughout the day at home，in the office，in a hallway，waiting in line at a grocery store or watching TV.“There are a lot of ways to bui

32、ld activities into a day，” says Ottawabased fitness instructor Christine Dery，who focuses her classes on core muscle strength and balance.She reminds her students to seek ways to move more outside class，such as getting off the bus or an elevator ride a few stops early，or doing calf raises，wall squat

33、s and wrist stretches while watching TV.“We need to make exercisean important part of our day，” she says.“Its about making yourself a priority.”Ben Gervais，a parttime personal trainer and former kung fu instructor in Ottawa，thinks that little moves matter.“Moves like mowing the lawn，doing work aroun

34、d the house，going for a walk with the kids and playing with the kids can all count as activities as long as you get up and move.” He recommends spending the twominute TV commercial breaks doing wall squats，pushups and situps，or stepping up and down on a step.Stott Pilates trainer and instructor Mich

35、ele Carini says breathing can be an exercise working abdominal(腹部的) muscles and neck and shoulder muscles.Focus on sitting tall and drawing air in，so the rib cage(胸腔) expands like an accordion while the stomach stays tense.【语篇解读】在现代生活中，很多人坐立的时间太长，这对健康的危害巨大，甚至会导致早死。在专家看来，一些看起来微不足道的活动对健康很有益处。12The und

36、erlined word “obviate” in Paragraph 1 probably means “ ”ApreserveBseparateCpreventDdamageC词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的条件状语从句的意思，并结合长时间坐立的坏处可以推知，画线词的意思是“预防”。13Christine Dery suggests getting off the elevator earlier in order to Aget on another oneBclimb some stairsChave a breakDtake a busB细节理解题。根据第三段第二句，再联系上下文的语境可

37、知，提前从电梯上下来是为了爬几段楼梯，达到锻炼的目的。14What does Ben Gervais agree with?AYou should get up as early as possible in the morning.BIt is better to watch TV for 2 minutes every day.CDoing housework at home is a good habit.DSmall activities can benefit you quite a lot.D推理判断题。根据第四段首句中的“little moves matter”可以推知，Ben

38、Gervais认为一些小小的活动就很有益处。15How does the author prove his viewpoint?ABy doing some experiments.BBy listing some practical facts.CBy stating some instructors opinions.DBy introducing some famous researchers.C篇章结构题。作者在第二段提到他们向健身教练请教了一些建议，第三段到第五段的内容则展示了教练们的建议，故可推知，作者是通过介绍教练们的建议证明其观点的。.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分

39、12.5分)How teens can stay fitAny type of regular，physical activity can improve your fitness and your health. 16 Exercise should be a regular part of your day，like brushing your teeth，eating and sleeping.It can be in gym class，joining a sports team，or working out on your own.Keep the following tips in

40、 mind： 17 A good attitude is important.Find an activity that you think is fun.You are more likely to stick with it if you choose something you like.A lot of people find its more fun to exercise with someone else，so see if you can find a friend or family member to be active with you.Take it one step

41、at a time. 18 For example，walk or ride your bike to school.Get on or off the bus several blocks away and walk the rest of the way.Use the stairs instead of taking the elevator.Get your heart pumping(跳动)Whatever you choose，make sure it includes aerobic (有氧的) activity that makes you breathe harder and

42、 increases your heart rate.This is the best type of exercise because it increases your fitness level and makes your heart work better. 19 Examples of aerobic activities are basketball，running，or swimming.Dont forget to warm up. With some easy exercises or stretching(拉伸)before you do any physical act

43、ivity. 20 It is also important to stretch out after you exercise to cool down your muscles.AIt also burns off body fat.BStay positive and have fun.CMake physical activity a habit.DSmall changes can add up to better fitness.EThe most important thing is that you keep moving!FThis warms your muscles up

44、 and may help protect against injury.GDo the activity as often as possible，but dont exercise to the point of pain.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章向青少年介绍了几条如何保持身体健康的建议。16E由下文关于运动方面的几条建议可知，作者认为保持身体健康最好的办法是运动。E项中的keep moving指代下文的Exercise。17BB项中的Stay positive和have fun分别与下文的A good attitude和activity that you think is fu

45、n相呼应。18D根据本段小标题Take it one step at a time可知，循序渐进，小小的改变也能使身体更健康，故选D项。19A有氧运动可提高健康水平、使心脏更好地工作，也可起到减肥的作用，故选A项。20F根据下文的“stretch out after you exercise to cool down your muscles”可知，运动前先进行热身是为了保护身体避免受伤，故选F项。.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)I still remember an old lady，a customer on the paper route in my hometown w

46、hen I was 12 years old.She taught me a lesson in 21 that I shall never forget.On a winter afternoon，a friend and I were throwing stones onto the 22 of the old ladys house.The stone that I found was too smooth, so it slipped from my hand as I let it go and 23 straight not for the covering on top of t

47、he house but for a small window on the houses back porch.At the sound of broken glass，we knew we were 24 We turned and ran away.I was too 25 about getting caught that first night to be concerned about the old lady with the broken window in the freezing weather.However，a few days later，when I was sur

48、e that I hadnt been 26 ，I started to feel guilty about her misfortune.She still greeted me with a smile each day 27 I gave her the paper，but I was no longer able to act comfortably in her presence.I 28 my mind that I would save my paper delivering money，and in three weeks I had the seven dollars tha

49、t I calculated would pay for her window.I put the money in an envelope with a note 29 that I was sorry for breaking her window and 30 that the seven dollars would cover the cost of repairing it.I waited until it was dark，moved 31 to the old ladys house and put the letter I didnt sign through the let

50、ter slot in her door.I felt 32 and could have the freedom of，once again，looking straight into the old ladys kind eyes.The next day，I handed the old lady her paper and was able to 33 the warm smile that I was receiving from her.She thanked me for the paper and gave me a bag of cookies she had made he

51、rself.I thanked her and proceeded(开始) to eat the cookies as I continued my 34 After several cookies.I felt an envelope and pulled it out of the bag.When I opened the envelope，I was 35 Inside were the seven dollars and a short note that said，“Im proud of you.”【语篇解读】本文作者主要向我们讲述了小时候的一件小事对他的深远影响。作者从发生在自

52、己身上的事情中深深地体会到诚实、知错能改的重要性。21A.forgivenessBtrustCbraveryDselflessnessA句意：她给我上了一堂宽恕的课，我永远不会忘记。forgiveness宽恕；trust信任；bravery勇气；selflessness无私。故选A。22A.windowBroofCdoorDchimneyB根据后文“not for the covering on top of the house but for a small window on the houses back porch”可知，我们在往老太太家的屋顶上扔石头。故选B。23A.headedBl

53、eftCstoodDlandedA石头不是朝屋顶而是直接朝房子后门廊上的一个小窗户飞去。head朝(某方向)行进；leave离开；stand站立；land登陆。故选A。24A.in needBin dangerCin chargeDin troubleD句意：我们知道我们有麻烦了。in need在穷困中，在危难中；in danger处于危险中；in charge负责，主管；in trouble处于困境中。故选D。25A.embarrassedBscaredCdisappointedDashamedB句意：第一天晚上，我太害怕被抓住，以至于没有担心在这样寒冷的天气里被打破了窗户的老太太。emba

54、rrassed尴尬的；scared害怕的；disappointed失望的；ashamed惭愧的。故选B。26A.scoldedBpunishedCdiscoveredDinvolvedC句意：然而，几天后，当我确信没有被发现时，我开始为她的不幸感到内疚。scold责骂；punish惩罚；discover发现；involve涉及。故选C。27A.untilBunlessCsinceDwhenD句意：当我给她送报纸的时候，她每天都面带微笑地向我打招呼，但是我再也不能在她面前表现得很自在了。until直到才；unless除非；since自从；when当时候。故选D。28A.tookBput upCm

55、ade upDpicked upC句意：我下定决心，我要把我送报纸的钱存起来。make up ones mind下定决心。故选C。29A.provingBexplainingCshowingDconvincingB句意：我把钱放在一个信封里，里面有一张纸条，上面写着：我很抱歉打碎了她的窗户，而这7美元希望能够支付修理的费用。prove证明；explain解释；show放映，表演；convince使相信，使明白。故选B。30A.hopedBpredictedCstatedDthoughtA句意见上题解析。hope希望；predict预计；state规定，陈述；think想，思考。故选A。31A.

56、hurriedlyBpatientlyCquietlyDfirmlyC句意：我一直等到天黑了，才悄悄地来到老太太的房子。hurriedly匆忙地；patiently耐心地；quietly静悄悄地；firmly坚定地。故选C。32A.relievedBconfusedCconcernedDfrustratedA句意：我感到松了一口气，又可以自在地直视老太太那善良的眼睛了。relieved放心的，如释重负的；confused困惑的；concerned有关的，关心的；frustrated挫败的，泄气的。故选A。33A.gainBunderstandCrespectDreturnD句意：第二天，我递给

57、老太太她的报纸，还能回报以她温暖的微笑。gain获得；understand理解；respect尊重；return返回，报答。故选D。34A.effortBrouteCstudyDjourneyB句意：我一边吃着饼干，一边继续我的路线。effort努力；route路线；study学习；journey旅行。故选B。35A.satisfiedBannoyedCamusedDshockedD句意：当我打开信封时，我惊呆了。satisfied感到满意的；annoyed生气的；amused愉快的；shocked震惊的。故选D。.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)Long ago an em

58、peror decided 36. (hold) a swimming race between 13 different animals.The order in which they finished would decide the order of their 37. (appear) on the Chinese calendar.All the animals lined up on the river bank and were given 38. task of getting to the opposite shore.The cat wondered how he woul

59、d get there 39. he was afraid of water.The ox worried he couldnt cross the river for his poor eyesight.The 40. (calculate) rat suggested that he and the cat 41. (jump) onto the oxs back and guide him across.The ox，steady and hardworking，did not notice the two animals on his back.In the meanwhile，the

60、 rat ran behind the unsuspecting cat and pushed 42. into the water.As the ox came ashore，the rat jumped off and finished the race first，so the rat got the first year 43. (name) after him and the ox got the second year.When the lazy pig reached the finishing line in 44. (12) place，the race was over a

61、nd the pig was awarded the final place on the calendar.From that day on，the cat，45. never finished the race and lost his place on the calendar，became the enemy of the rat.【语篇解读】本文讲的是中国的12生肖排位顺序由来的故事。36to holddecide to do sth.为固定搭配，故用to hold。37appearance根据their可知此处应用appear的名词形式appearance。38the这里的task

62、特指后面的“getting to the opposite shore”，故此处用the。39because因为猫害怕水，所以它在想如何才能过去，故用because。40calculating根据空后的rat可知，此处应用calculate的形容词形式calculating，意为“精明的”。41(should) jumpsuggest表示“建议”时后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，故此处应填(should) jump。42him这里指老鼠将猫推进了水里，再根据上文中的“The cat wondered how he”可知，此处要用him指代cat。43namedname.after.表示“以的名字给

63、取名”。由题意可知，the first year与name之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故要用name的过去分词形式。44the 12th此处表示顺序，用序数词。45who此空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the cat，且本文用了拟人的手法来描写动物，所以关系代词用who。.应用文写作(满分15分)假设你是李华，最近你校正准备组织学生旅游，但旅游景点还未确定，学校特此向同学们征求意见，请你用英文给林校长写一封信，内容包括： 1推荐一个旅游城市； 2推荐理由(23个)；3希望校长考虑。注意：1词数80左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；Dear Mr Lin， Y

64、ours sincerely，Li Hua【参考范文】Dear Mr Lin，Knowing that our school is asking for our opinions about which city to enjoy，Id like to recommend a famous oneGuilin.The reasons are as follows.Lying along the Lijiang River，Guilin is a key tourist city which is famous for its beautiful scenery.With clear water

65、 and green hills，it attracts thousands of tourists every year.Besides，its a charming city with rich culture and a long history，where you can enjoy various caves and carvings(雕刻)I will be extremely glad and honored if you can take it into consideration!Yours sincerely，Li Hua.概要写作(满分25分)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一

66、篇60词左右的内容概要。Every summer，hundreds of thousands of students travel to other countries looking for work and adventure.Most of the opportunities are in seasonal work，mainly connected with tourism and agriculture.The pay is usually poor，but most people work abroad for the thrill of travel.You can pick g

67、rapes in France，work on a family campsite，entertain kids on American summer camps，and of course，there are always jobs in hotels and restaurants.But it is not as easy as it used to be to find work.“Unless you speak the language of the country，there will be very few openings，” says Anthea Ellis，an adv

68、iser on vacation work for students.“If you work as a nanny with a family in Italy，then of course youll have to speak Italian.When you arrive to wash dishes in a restaurant in Paris，the owner will expect you to speak French.”Not everyone enjoys the experience.Sarah James was an assistant responsible

69、for a summer camp group of forty American children in Europe.One child lost his passport；another became seriously ill and was flown home；four children were lost in Madrid for a whole day；the whole group was thrown out of one hotel because of the noise they made.“I did visit a lot of new places，” she

70、 says，“but it wasnt worth it.The pay was awful and really was a 24houraday job.The kids never slept！”“The trouble is，students expect to have an easy time of it，” Anthea Ellis points out.“After all，they see it as a holiday.In practice，though，you have to work hard.At the same time，all vacation work is

71、 casual work.Youll have a job when the hotel，the restaurant，or the campsite is busy and you have few employment rights.As soon as the holiday season finishes，theyll get rid of you.If you dont work hard，or if your employer doesnt like you，youll get fired.” 【参考范文】Many students seek vacation work abroa

72、d every summer for the excitement of travel while working.However，language is sometimes a barrier when you seek jobs overseas.Meanwhile，some students dont think it worthwhile，like Sarah，who was very disappointed at her experience because of tiring heavy work and low pay.Worse still，vacation work is informal and temporary，meaning that you can be easily out of work.